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Biomedical subjects

A L Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to A L Wilson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The treatment of hypertension in pregnancy.

The drug treatment of hypertension occurring during pregnancy is described. Diagnostic problems and management are outlined, and the available literature regarding the use of standard hypotensive agents in pregnancy is reviewed by drug class. Based on currently published literature and opinion, the following drugs are recommended when needed during pregnancy (with proper monitoring) : methyldopa, hydralazine, and furosemide. Caution is recommended when the following drugs are used during pregnancy: propranolol, and thiazide diuretics. The following drugs are not recommended for use during pregnancy based on currently available information: reserpine, clonidine, chlorthalidone, prazosin, minoxidil, spironolactone, ethacrynic acid, metoprolol, nadolol, and guanethidine.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Trace metals in waters.

The topic of this paper is extremely broad, and to allow more useful discussion, emphasis is placed on trace (less than 1 mg/l) metals in fresh surface waters and in drinking waters. An attempt is made to give a broad overview of current knowledge, problems and research with particular reference to the following: (1) metals of interest, current standards of water quality relevant to health, and concentrations of metals in waters; (2) sources of, and other factors affecting, the concentrations of metals; (3) general problems in the measurement of metal concentrations; (4) important research topics.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed1979

Test of a novel method for analysis of the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs.

Diastolic blood-pressure data from 42 published studies, representing 23 anti-hypertensive drug regimens and 971 patients, were used to test the hypothesis that there is a linear relation between pretreatment diastolic pressure (P.T.D.P.) and the drug-induced fall in pressure (deltaD.P.), such that the "ideal-response line" relating these variables has a slope=1.0 and intercepts the P.T.D.P. axis at 90 mm Hg. Most of the regimens failed to show ideal behaviour; slopes of the regression lines were usually less than 1.0, and the intercepts were generally not at 90 mm Hg. Low coefficients of determination (r2) and broad 95% confidence intervals for the slopes and intercepts of the regression lines were common. Only 2 of the 23 regimens examined yielded r2 greater than 0.7, whereas 8 of the regimens exhibited r2 less than 0.25. These findings suggest a large interpatient variation in response to a given regimen. The data reported here show that what is thought to be an ideal-response relation for antihypertensive drug regimens is not observed in practice. However, the manner of presenting the data in order to test the hypothesis provides a useful method for assessing the effectiveness and variability of patient-responses to treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Using pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. IV: Consideration in applying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic estimates to antihypertensive dosage regimens.

A theory explaining the pharmacokinetics of drugs with direct and rapidly reversible pharmacologic effects is reviewed, and the application of this theory to individualizing dosage regimens for antihypertensive drugs is discussed. In a few studies, investigators have correlated, under controlled conditions and in a small number of patients, the pharmacokinetic variables needed to individualize minoxidil and clonidine dosage regimens with clinical responses (mean arterial blood pressure). The potential clinical application of these correlations to other antihypertensive drugs was studied by retrospectively analyzing diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure data reported in 26 published studies of seven antihypertensive drugs. The wide interpatient variation recorded in the dose-response plots derived from the published data yielded pharmacodynamic values of little reliability or predictive value in individualizing antihypertensive dosage regimens. Use of retrospective data analysis for obtaining the necessary pharmacokinetic values to individualize antihypertensive dosage regimens is discouraged.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nicotine patches in Alzheimer's disease: pilot study on learning, memory, and safety.

In view of the cholinergic deficits present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a widely investigated treatment strategy for the cognitive deficits in AD is cholinergic stimulation. Although nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding has been demonstrated to be deficient in the AD brain, the predominant theoretical and therapeutic focus to date has been on muscarinic cholinergic receptors and systems. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sustained nicotine administration on behavior, cognition, and physiology. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in which six patients with probable AD were exposed to 7, 8, and 7 days of placebo, nicotine, and washout, respectively. Daily sessions evaluating learning, memory, and behavior were conducted. Global cognitive functioning, rest and activity levels, cardiac activity, and blood levels were also measured. Findings included improved learning during the nicotine condition, which persisted throughout washout. Memory, behavior, and global cognition were not significantly affected. Sustained administration of nicotine appeared to be safe, although sleep showed a significant decrease.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracellular transport and maturation of nascent low density lipoprotein receptor is blocked by mutation in the Ras-related GTP-binding protein, RAB1B.

The relationship between the Ras-related GTP-binding protein, Rab1B, and intracellular transport of nascent low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor was studied in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (line 293) cotransfected with plasmids encoding the LDL-receptor and either wild-type Rab1B or a Rab1B mutant (N121I) known to act as a dominant suppressor of endogenous Rab1B function. [35S]Methionine pulse-chase analysis of immunoprecipitated LDL-receptor indicated that coexpression with Rab1BN121I, but not Rab1BWT, impaired its conversion from the Endo-H-sensitive 120-125 kDa form to the O-glycosylated 160-170 kDa form, consistent with a block in ER-->Golgi trafficking of the nascent receptor. In cells expressing Rab1BN121I, the newly synthesized LDL-receptor was unable to reach the cell surface as evidenced by its inaccessibility to sulfo-NHS-biotin added to the cultures. These observations provide a direct demonstration of Rab protein involvement in LDL receptor trafficking and lend support to the concept of Rab1B as a universal mediator of ER-->Golgi transport of membrane glycoproteins in mammalian cells.

Base Sequence↗