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Biomedical subjects

A L Moss

Publications and source records attributed to A L Moss.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Nasal deformities resulting from flow driver continuous positive airway pressure.

Over a period of six months, seven cases were documented of trauma to the nose as a result of flow driver continuous positive airway pressure in babies of very low birthweight (VLBW). There was a complication rate of 20% in the babies who required it. Deformities consisted of columella nasi necrosis which can occur within three days, flaring of nostrils which worsens with duration of continuous positive airway pressure, and snubbing of the nose which persists after prolonged continuous positive airway pressure. These complications should be preventable by modifications to the mechanism and method of use.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Congenital gingival granular cell tumour.

Congenital gingival granular cell tumours are rare lesions which have only occasionally been reported in the UK. Clinical features are of a benign lesion which occurs almost exclusively in newborn, Caucasian females and the anterior maxilla is the commonest site. Treatment consists of local excision and is curative. The terminology concerning this condition has been rather confused because of uncertainty regarding the histogenesis of these tumours and the similar histological appearance to adults granular cell myoblastoma occurring at other intraoral sites. The exact histogenesis of these tumours remains unsolved and they may be hamartomata. We describe a new case occurring within the UK, which illustrates many of the common clinical features of the condition, with an accompanying literature review.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Dental findings in parents of children with cleft lip and palate.

The incidence of dental abnormalities in the cleft lip and palate population has been reported to be much higher than in the normal population. The role of genes in the production of a cleft lip and palate, and dental anomalies is thought to be complex, with autosomal dominant, recessive, and x-linked genes all playing a role. Noncleft parents can carry some of the cleft lip and palate genes, which produce clinically subtle manifestations in their facial skeleton. The purpose of this study was to look for evidence of increased dental anomalies in the non-cleft parents of cleft lip and palate children. The dentitions of the parents of 60 children with different types of cleft lip and palate were examined prospectively to see whether or not they exhibited features found more readily in the cleft lip and palate rather than did the normal population. Their dentitions were studied to record the following dental features: congenitally missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, or morphologic changes of the crowns of the permanent teeth. The number and position of any frenal attachments were also recorded. The results of this study did not show any differences in incidence of dental anomalies from the noncleft population. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that congenital absence of lateral incisors is a microform of cleft lip and palate. Further, these results also failed to reveal any consistent pattern in the number and position of frenal attachments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The relationship between fasciocutaneous perforators and their fascial branches: an anatomical study in human cadaver lower legs.

Although a variety of lower leg fascial and fasciocutaneous flaps have been developed, the vascular anatomy of these flaps has not been established fully. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the size of a fasciocutaneous perforator and the size and number of its fascial branches. The deep fascia was harvested from five preserved cadaver lower legs. Fasciocutaneous vessels were studied with the aid of a dissecting microscope. There was a moderately strong positive correlation between the external diameter of a fasciocutaneous vessel and the external diameter of its largest fascial branch (correlation coefficient: r = 0.644; t = 6.072; 52 df; p < 0.001). There was a weakly positive correlation between the external diameter of a fasciocutaneous perforator and the number of its fascial branches (correlation coefficient: r = 0.217; t = 11.84; 52 df; p < 0.001). The results of this study establish an anatomical basis for using large fasciocutaneous perforators in the design of lower leg fascial flaps.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1992

Brachydactyly type C associated with shortening of the hallux.

A four generation autosomal dominant pedigree of brachydactyly type C is presented with its radiological features. The hands and feet were similarly affected. All the subjects showing these changes had shortening of the big toes and, in addition, had cupped ears.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Multiple pathways for ligand internalization in rat hepatocytes. I: Effects of anoxia, phenylarsine oxide and monensin.

It has been suggested that there are multiple pathways for the cellular internalization of insulin. To investigate these pathways we have examined the effects of three perturbations of endocytosis on the insulin internalization process and have compared these effects with those obtained using an asialoglycoprotein, asialofetuin (Afet), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Freshly isolated hepatocytes were incubated with radiolabeled ligands and internalization measured under conditions of anoxia to deplete cellular ATP, in the presence of phenylarsine oxide (PAO) to inhibit endocytosis, and in the presence of monensin to interfere with endosomal acidification. Afet internalization essentially was blocked by all three treatment processes, while insulin internalization was inhibited approximately 40% in the presence of anoxia, and 54% in the presence of PAO. Monensin exhibited differential effects on internalization of high and low insulin concentrations. The effects of the treatment processes on EGF internalization were intermediate to those seen with Afet and insulin. These results suggest that insulin and EGF utilize routes of internalization exhibiting different energy requirements that may correspond to coated pit, non-coated pit, and fluid-phase internalization pathways. The observations with Afet internalization remain consistent with utilization of the coated pit pathway.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Multiple pathways for ligand internalization in rat hepatocytes. II: Effect of hyperosmolarity and contribution of fluid-phase endocytosis.

In a companion report (Moss and Ward: J. Cell. Physiol 149:313-318, 1991) evidence was presented for multiple pathways for insulin internalization based on differences between the internalization of insulin and that of two other ligands, asialofetuin (Afet) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), in the presence of several perturbations of endocytosis. In the present study we have explored the characteristics of three internalization pathways and the contribution of each to overall insulin uptake. Freshly isolated hepatocytes were incubated with radiolabeled ligands in the presence of hyperosmolar sucrose, treatment that is thought to inhibit the coated pit pathway of endocytosis. Insulin internalization was decreased approximately 39%, but much greater decreases were observed with Afet (86%) and EGF (62%). Competition between uptake of radiolabeled and unlabeled insulin was observed in hyperosmolar-treated cells, suggestive of endocytosis by a receptor-mediated noncoated-pit pathway. Uptake of radiolabeled insulin that persisted in the presence of hyperosmolarity and high concentrations of unlabeled insulin suggested a third uptake pathway: fluid-phase endocytosis. A rate of fluid-phase endocytosis of 7.2 microL/hr/10(6) cells was determined from the uptake of the fluid-phase marker lucifer yellow. At high insulin concentrations (greater than or equal to 250 ng/ml), fluid-phase endocytosis appears to be the predominant pathway for insulin uptake, but at lower insulin concentrations (physiological) the coated pit and noncoated pit pathways are the primary routes for insulin internalization.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The preparation of divided nerve ends.

Divided peripheral nerves often require trimming due to the "mushrooming" of the fascicles. However, in practice, it can be very difficult to perform atraumatically as the nerve tends to behave like "soggy spaghetti". A technique is described which helps to stabilise the cut end of the fascicles, thus allowing satisfactory trimming. This involves the use of fibrin glue.

Fibrin Tissue Adhesive↗
PubMed1990

Severe electrical injury from a graphite fishing rod.

High tension electrical injuries have a high morbidity and mortality. Carbon fibre and graphite used in the manufacture of fishing rods gives them superconductor qualities. We report a case which teaches an important lesson not only in the management of such severe injuries, but also in their prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Syndactyly: can web creep be avoided?

Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital hand deformities but there still remains a high incidence of contractures and web creep after attempts at surgical correction using many assorted techniques. Little attention has been paid to the potential junctional scar in the aetiology of web creep. To remedy this, a technique is described which involves a dorsal flap and two palmar laterally-based flaps. This method not only breaks up the palmar junctional scar but also completely reconstructs the web, not just the floor. The procedure can be used in all varieties of syndactyly and has reduced the incidence of creep in a series of 49 webs.

Adolescent↗