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Biomedical subjects

A L Linton

Publications and source records attributed to A L Linton.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

An evaluation of the Coulter thrombocounter in counting platelets before and after contact with foreign surfaces and its use in tests of platelet retention.

The counting of platelets by electronic methods has become widely accepted by laboratories and the methods is considered to give better reproducibility than the conventional microscope count. Prompted by an impression that prior contact of whole blood with glass beads or cellulose-based dialysis membranes resulted in platelet counts showing a poor correlation between the electronic and microscopic methods of counting, an evaluation of the Coulter Thrombocounter was carried out with regard to its ability in counting platelets before and after contact with such foreign surfaces in two tests for the measurement of platelet retention. The effect of citrate and heparin anticoagulation with and without the addition of EDTA on the efficiency of the Thrombocounter was also studied. The results indicate that an excellent correlation is obtained between microscopic and electronically estimated platelet counts before foreign surface contact when EDTA is included in the anticoagulation, and that the Thrombocounter gives good reproducibility over a wide range of platelet counts. After contact with the foreign surfaces, the Thrombocounter significantly underestimated the platelet counts and thus overestimated the platelet retention values. Using the membrane test cell system with citrate plus EDTA anticoagulation, platelet retention results estimated by Thrombocounter platelet counts were significantly higher than those estimated by microscopic platelet counts but there was a good linear correlation between the two sets of results. Thus, the Thrombocounter may be used with this method. However, using the glass-bead column technique and the same anticoagulation, although the platelet retention results gave the same mean value with both methods of platelet counting, there was no correlation between the two sets of results indicating that microscopy alone should be used with this method. The other anticoagulant regimens rendered the Thrombocount inefficient for use in these tests of platelet retention.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1973

Familial ADH-responsive diabetes insipidus: response to thiazides and chlorpropamide.

Twenty cases of familial ADH-responsive diabetes insipidus were identified within five generations, and eight patients were studied by one of two established dehydration protocols. In each case there was partial to total failure of response to the initial administration of ADH which was slowly corrected by continued administration. This initial failure can lead to misinterpretation of the dehydration test unless the medullary solute washout effect is taken into account in chronically polyuric patients.Treatment consisted of thiazides and/or chlorpropamide. All cases responded well.The response to chlorpropamide suggests that the failure of ADH production is not complete in these patients, and that the major defect is a failure of ADH release in response to normal stimuli. Chlorpropamide may act by either facilitating ADH release or by synergistically interacting with available ADH at the tubular level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Renal disease due to analgesics. I. Recognition of the problem of analgesic nephropathy.

The incidence of renal impairment secondary to the abuse of analgesic compounds now accounts for a significant proportion of patients requiring renal replacement therapy. The clinical features of 100 cases of analgesic nephropathy are described; essentially these consist of otherwise unexplained renal impairment, urinary tract symptoms, radiological changes and sterile pyuria, often associated with dyspepsia, anemia and psychiatric disturbances. The classical pathological changes consist of interstitial nephritis and progressive reduction in renal size, secondary to repeated episodes of papillary necrosis. Cessation of analgesic abuse usually arrests the deterioration in renal function, and indeed some recovery of function may occur.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1972

Relative nephrotoxicity of cephalosporin antibiotics in an animal model.

An animal model is described in which mild transitory renal impairment is induced with glycerol and the nephrotoxic effects of cephalosporin antibiotics and furosemide studied. Cephaloridine and cephalothin were found to produce extensive acute tubular necrosis in rats when given in subnephrotoxic doses in combination with furosemide; this damage occurred at serum antibiotic levels not much higher than those obtained in clinical practice. No significant renal damage was found with cephalexin or Cephapirin given in equivalent dosage. It is suggested that the cephalosporin antibiotics should be used with caution in the presence of even minor transient renal impairment and particularly if furosemide is being given concurrently.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1971

Body water and electrolyte composition in acute renal failure.

Body water and electrolyte contents have been measured by means of muscle biopsy analysis in 11 patients with untreated acute renal failure and in one patient during the diuretic recovery phase of his illness. Patients with acute oliguric renal failure show two main types of imbalance. One group shows evidence of a reduction in extracellular sodium and chloride with normal intracellular water and electrolytes. These findings are thought to be due to a combination of excess urinary salt loss during the development of oliguric renal failure, and inadequate replacement of extrarenal electrolyte losses. A second group shows overhydration of both extra- and intracellular phases, associated with an excess of sodium and chloride. The intracellular potassium concentration is reduced, owing to the intracellular water excess. The patient studied during the diuretic recovery phase of acute renal failure showed a marked loss of sodium and chloride, which emphasizes the necessity to replace urinary electrolyte losses at this stage of the illness. It is often extremely difficult to assess fluid and electrolyte balance in patients presenting with acute renal failure, and muscle biopsy analysis or isotope dilution studies may be required before accurate replacement therapy is possible.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1971

Analgesic nephropathy: clinical syndrome and prognosis.

Over a five-year period 86 patients presented to a renal unit with a history of prolonged analgesic abuse and no other obvious cause of renal damage. Anaemia and peptic ulceration were common, and neurological states suggestive of chronic analgesic intoxication occurred in 22 patients. Thirty-two patients died during follow-up, but the prognosis was much better in patients who ceased abuse of compound analgesics, and improvement could occur even in advanced renal failure. While 84 patients had taken mixtures containing both aspirin and phenacetin, papillary necrosis was also found in two patients who had abused only aspirin, and when phenacetin was withdrawn from several leading compound analgesics, renal function continued to deteriorate in patients ingesting those preparations.

Acetaminophen↗