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Biomedical subjects

A L Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to A L Jensen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The long-term biological variability of fasting plasma glucose and serum fructosamine in healthy Beagle dogs.

The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term (month-to-month) between-dog, within-dog and analytical components of variance for fasting plasma glucose and serum fructosamine in healthy dogs to assess the usefulness of a single measurement of these analytes in a single dog. Fasting plasma glucose and serum fructosamine were measured in blood samples collected every month for 9 months from 23 clinically healthy dogs, and the results were subjected to nested analysis of variance. The between-dog variation, the within-dog variation, and the analytical variation were 3.8%, 9.5% and 3.7%, respectively, for plasma glucose and 4.2%, 11.1% and 2.8%, respectively, for serum fructosamine. The maximum allowable analytical imprecision, analytical inaccuracy and difference between analytical methods were 4.8%, 2.6% and 3.2%, respectively, for plasma glucose and 5.6%, 3.0% and 3.7%, respectively, for serum fructosamine. The index of individuality, 2.7 for both analytes, indicated that the test results from single dogs can be compared usefully to the corresponding population-based reference intervals. The number of samples required to estimate the true individual mean value +/-5% for a single dog was 16 for fasting plasma glucose and 20 for serum fructosamine. The one- and two-sided critical differences expressing the difference needed for two serial results from the same dog to be significantly different at a 5% level was 24% and 28%, respectively, for plasma glucose and 27% and 32%, respectively, for serum fructosamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Correlation between alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and total sialic acid in serum from dogs with tumours.

The influence of the acute phase protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) on the concentration of total sialic acid (TSA) in serum was investigated by assessing their degree of correlation in 115 clinically healthy dogs, 29 dogs with malignant mammary tumours, 12 dogs with various other malignant tumours, 12 dogs with benign mammary tumours and 10 dogs with various other benign tumours. Serum from dogs with malignant mammary tumours and other malignant tumours had a statistically significant correlation between AGP and TSA concentrations (Spearman correlation coefficient (rS) = 0.52, P = 0.0005, n = 41). The correlation was also statistically significant in dogs with benign mammary tumours and other benign tumours (rS = 0.48, P = 0.02, n = 22). The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.51 (P = 0.0001, n = 63) in all dogs with tumours. This was also the case if only those dogs with levels of AGP comparable to healthy dogs (< 750 mg/l) were included in the analysis (rS = 0.42, P = 0.01, n = 56). In clinically healthy dogs, the correlation was not statistically significant (rS = 0.17, P = 0.07, n = 115). None of the four groups of dogs with tumours had changed serum AGP concentrations compared to clinically healthy dogs (all t-tests gave P values above 0.05). The serum concentrations of AGP did not correlate with the clinical stage of dogs with mammary tumours. In conclusion, AGP and TSA concentrations in serum are positively correlated in dogs with tumours, partially explaining the increase in serum TSA in these dogs. Increased sialylation of the AGP molecule in dogs with tumours might contribute to the increased serum TSA levels.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Composition of protein in urine from dogs with pyoderma.

The protein fractions in urine from proteinuric dogs with and without pyoderma were estimated. Fifteen dogs with pyoderma (five with superficial and 10 with deep pyoderma) were compared with 10 dogs with glomerulopathy and 27 dogs with diseases other than pyoderma or urinary tract problems. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to fractionate the proteins. Three types of electrophoretogram were obtained with albuminuria, globulinuria and serum-like profiles. An albuminuria profile was found in eight of the 27 dogs with other diseases, in three of the five dogs with superficial pyoderma, in eight of the 10 dogs with deep pyoderma and in all 10 dogs with glomerulopathy. The albuminuria profile (mean [sem] albumin/globulin ratio 1.98 [0.10]) was also characterised by alpha 1b, alpha 2a and beta 2 globulin peaks in all 29 dogs with this profile, which was therefore thought to indicate that albuminuria (glomerular proteinuria) was a result of glomerular damage and inflammation because alpha 1b, alpha 2a, and beta 2 globulins are considered to be acute phase proteins. The serum-like profile (mean [sem] albumin/globulin ratio 0.72 [0.01]) was observed in 13 per cent of the proteinuric dogs examined and contained all the protein fractions normally detected by electrophoresis of serum. The profile was considered to be a variant from of the albuminuria profile, probably indicating advanced glomerular lesions and inflammation. The globulinuria profile (mean [sem] albumin/globulin ratio 0.33 [0.08]) was significantly different from the other two in that it was characterised by a low albumin peak and the presence of globulin fractions not clearly distinguishable from each other because of their confluency and absence of individual peaks. This profile could indicate severe glomerulotubular lesions and degradation of certain protein fractions. It could also be a result of increased secretion of tissue and other proteins by damaged tubules. It was concluded that glomerular damage leads to glomerular proteinuria characterised by high proportions of albumin together with alpha 1b, alpha 2a and beta 2 globulins in lower but significantly diagnostic proportions.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1998

[Perforation of the rectum--caused by blunt injury].

A case of perforation of the rectum in a victim of a car crash who suffered pelvic fracture is reported. Seatbelt use, diagnosis, principles of treatment and complications are reported. Rectal perforations caused by blunt trauma is unusual and has a poor prognosis.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

Development and validation of an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in canine serum samples.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TGAB) in canine serum was developed and validated. The test result for each sample was derived from the optical density readings (OD) and expressed as an Ab-score(%) calculated from three in-house calibrators. The assay specifically detected TGAB as judged from lack of response in the assay after samples had been incubated with specific antigen. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 2.0-4.9% and 4.6-9.9%, respectively. The detection limit, an Ab-score of 5.6%, was close to the median Ab-score of 10% observed in healthy dogs (n = 132). The median Ab-score of dogs with primary hypothyroidism and lymphocytic thyroiditis (n = 11), skin diseases (n = 35), and non-thyroidal diseases (n = 63) was 340%, 12%, and 8%, respectively. The prevalence of TGAB in hypothyroid dogs with lymphocytic thyroiditis (sensitivity) was 91% (95% confidence limits: 59%-99%). In dogs with dermatological diseases without lymphocytic thyroiditis the prevalence of TGAB was 3% corresponding to a specificity of 97% (95% confidence limit: 85%-100%). In dogs with non-thyroidal diseases and healthy dogs the prevalence of TGAB was 5% and 6%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of serum TGAB was evaluated by subjecting the data from 11 dogs with lymphocytic thyroiditis and 35 control dogs without lymphocytic thyroiditis to receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (W = 0.966; 95% confidence limit 87%-100%) was significantly higher than that of a worthless test (0.5) (P < 0.0001), thereby indicating that serum TGAB measurements distinguished between dogs with and without lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of the analytical performance of an enzyme immunometric assay (EIA) designed to measure endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in canine serum samples.

The analytical performance of a commercially available enzyme immunometric assay (EIA) designed to measure endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentration in canine serum samples was evaluated. The precision of the assay was acceptable with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) of 5 and 11%, respectively. The assay maintained linearity under dilution and recovered added cTSH in a linear and proportional manner. The limit of detection (0.03 microgram/L) was well below the values measured in serum from dogs with primary hypothyroidism (median value 1.52 micrograms/L). Further, the assay clearly distinguished dogs with primary hypothyroidism from clinically healthy dogs (P = 0.0004). Based on these findings, it was concluded that the analytical performance of the assay was acceptable.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Total serum sialic acid is a general disease marker rather than a specific tumour marker in dogs.

The aim of the present study was to examine the levels of total sialic acid (TSA) in serum of clinically healthy dogs and dogs with various diseases to evaluate the usefulness of TSA as a tumour marker. TSA levels in clinically healthy dogs were not different between sexes, but pregnant and lactating dogs had higher mean (+/- standard deviation (SD)) TSA levels than clinically healthy female dogs (642 +/- 78 vs. 495 +/- 73 mg/l, P < 0.001). Eighty-eight dogs with different tumours (54 malignant and 34 benign tumours of different tissues) had higher mean TSA levels than 148 clinically healthy dogs (675 +/- 143 vs. 498 +/- 75 mg/l, P < 0.01). Fifty dogs with other diseases excluding tumours (skin, urinary system, and gastrointestinal diseases, pyometra, other inflammatory diseases, and Cushing's syndrome) had slightly higher TSA levels than the tumour-bearing dogs (730 +/- 159 mg/l, P = 0.02). TSA levels in dogs with malignant tumours did not differ from dogs with benign tumours (682 +/- 144 vs. 664 +/- 142 mg/l, P = 0.73). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plot revealed a maximum sensitivity and specificity combination of 69% and 91% (TSA cut-off concentration 595 mg/l) in distinguishing between healthy dogs and dogs with tumours. When evaluating TSA measurements to distinguish dogs with other diseases from dogs with tumours, a maximum sensitivity and specificity combination of 50% and 75% was found (cut-off concentration 761 mg/l). WHO staging of mammary tumours revealed an increase in TSA levels with increasing stage (P < 0.0001, rs, = 0.62). In conclusion, the nonspecificity of increases makes TSA determinations unsuitable as a tumour marker. TSA levels seem instead to be a general disease marker. Whether serial TSA measurements could be used in the follow-up of dogs operated for malignant tumours should be further investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of haematological analyses of blood taken from the cephalic and marginal ear veins in cats.

Various haematological components were compared in blood samples from the cephalic and marginal ear vein of 21 cats. Test results tended to be higher in blood samples from the cephalic vein, although significant differences were only detected for haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count and the absolute numbers of neutrophilic granulocytes and lymphocytes. Differences in test results between the two veins were small and apparently of only minor practical importance, thereby further substantiating the suitability of the marginal ear vein nick technique as a means of obtaining small blood samples from cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of the urinary cortisol: creatinine ratio in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.

The diagnostic accuracy of the urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio (CCR), with the cortisol being measured by ELISA, was evaluated by subjecting data from 18 dogs with and 20 dogs without hyperadrenocorticism to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area under the ROC curve (W 0.93, SE(w) 0.044) was much higher than 0.5, indicating that the CCR did distinguish between dogs with and without hyperadrenocorticism. A cutoff value of about 60 x 10(-6) was associated with the highest sensitivity (1.0) and specificity (0.85). At the disease prevalence rate of the present study (0.47), the positive and negative predictive values were 0.87 and 1.0, respectively. These numbers indicate that canine hyperadrenocorticism may be safely excluded when the CCR is below 60 x 10(-6) but that a test of higher specificity (eg, the ACTH stimulation test) should be used to confirm the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism when the CCR is above 60 x 10(-6).

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1997

Duplex Doppler measurements of renal blood flow in a dog with Addison's disease.

Abnormal intrarenal flow in a seven-year old female Tibetan terrier with Addison's disease was demonstrated by duplex Doppler examination. Abnormal flow may reflect renal vasoconstriction due to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Although not pathognomonic, an increased resistive index (> 0.70) in an otherwise ultrasonographically normal kidney can be due to Addison's disease and the technique may prove valuable as a quick non-invasive tool in the management of this disease.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1996

Some epidemiologic features of canine neosporosis in Denmark.

From a serological survey of 98 dogs, the overall prevalence of subclinical neosporosis among dogs in Denmark was estimated as 15.3%. From a questionnaire completed at the time of blood sampling in 87 dogs, it was found that exposure to cats could be a risk factor for the infection in dogs (odds ratio 3.46; 95% confidence limit 1.1-11.4). Further, it was shown that the antibody response in a pregnant dog increased markedly during gestation, suggesting that the parasite may be reactivated during pregnancy in a manner resembling that of Toxocara canis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of an immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin in serum and plasma samples of dogs with primary hypothyroidism.

A commercially available immunoradiometric assay was used to measure the thyrotropin (TSH; thyroid-stimulating hormone) concentration in the serum and plasma of 23 dogs. The basal concentration in five dogs with histologically confirmed primary hypothyroidism (median 0.18 microg/l, range 0.16-0.72 microg/l) was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that in 13 clinically healthy dogs (median 0.09 microg/l, range 0.06-0.34 microg/l). The TSH values in 11 euthyroid dogs with various dermatological diseases (median 0.09 microg/l, range 0.05-0.53 microg/l) were significantly lower than in the hypothyroid dogs, but there was considerable overlap. The assay alone was therefore not capable of giving a firm diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Determination of phosphoserine in human pepsinogens.

It has previously been assumed that, in contrast to porcine pepsinogen, the human pepsinogens are not phosphorylated. The present investigations show that phosphorylation does contribute to the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the human pepsinogens. A new chromatographic method for analysis of phosphoamino acid was developed. Quantitative determinations of phosphoserine were carried out after hydrolysis in 6 mol l-1 HCl (4 h, 110 degrees C). The recovery value of an authentic sample of phosphoserine, treated in parallel with the unknown samples, was used for calculations.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1996

Determination of canine prolactin by use of a commercial heterologous enzymeimmunoassay kit.

The present study evaluated a commercial heterologous enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) method for the determination of prolactin (PRL) in canine blood plasma and compared the results found with this heterologous method to the PRL concentrations measured by use of a commercial homologous PRL EIA. The heterologous PRL EIA was characterized by intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV %) of 3-5 % for replicate determinations, and inter-assay CV %'s of 5-7 % between means of duplicate determinations. The least detectable concentration was 0.1 microgram/L. A satisfying accuracy was settled by a recovery of added PRL not different from 100 % at varying PRL levels. The cross-reactivity (CR) to canine growth hormone (GH) was 5 %. Both methods outlined equally well the changes in PRL concentrations induced by administration of metoclopramid and bromocriptin; the specificity of both methods was further confirmed by a lack of response to clonidin GH stimulation test. The results achieved with the two methods were not identical despite of identical dose response relations. This difference in test results was, however, considered to be of minor practical importance if locally established reference ranges are used for evaluation of test results.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

M-mode echocardiographic diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in giant breed dogs.

M-mode echocardiograms were recorded from 62 giant breed dogs without historical, clinical, electrocardiographic and roentgenologic signs of heart disease, from six dogs with asymptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, NYHA class I), and 13 dogs with symptomatic DCM (NYHA class III-IV). There was a general trend that several echocardiographic parameters were significantly in control Great Danes as compared to Newfoundlands and Irish Wolfhounds. There were substantial differences in left ventricular size both in systole and diastole and in systolic indices of the left ventricle between the control group, the asymptomatic dogs and symptomatic dogs with DCM (P = 0.0001). There was also a significant decreased in the interventricular septum thickness (P = 0.0001) and left ventricular free wall thickness in systole (P = 0.002) and diastole (P = 0.005) between the three groups. Furthermore, the left atrial/aortic ratio was significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.0001). It was concluded that this study established echocardiographic reference values in giant breed dogs which may be useful in the study of heart diseases in giant breed dogs.

Animals↗