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Biomedical subjects

A L Gintsburg

Publications and source records attributed to A L Gintsburg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prevalence of genes encoding exfoliative toxins among Staphylococcus hyicus isolated in Russia and Germany.

In the present study, previously characterized Staphylococcus hyicus isolated in Russia (n=23) and Germany (n=17) were investigated for the prevalence of the exfoliative toxin encoding genes exhA, exhB, exhC and exhD by multiplex PCR resulting in the detection of exhD positive strains among the S. hyicus isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis in Russia and the detection of exhC and exhD for one and two strains isolated from exudative epidermitis in Germany respectively. The toxin gene negative strains were generally isolated from apparently healthy pigs, from other animals and from specimens where the relation between the isolation of S. hyicus and the clinical symptoms remained unclear. Partial sequencing of the toxin genes of selected exhC and exhD positive strains and comparing the sequencing results with sequences of exhC and exhD reference strains revealed an almost complete identity. The results of the present study were in agreement with the findings of Andresen and Ahrens (J. Appl. Microbiol., 96, 2004, 1265) and Andresen (J. Vet. Rec., 157, 2005, 376) that the presented multiplex PCR could be used to investigate S. hyicus for toxinogenic potential and that there is an association between the presence of toxin genes in S. hyicus strains from exudative epidermitis. However, comparable with the S. hyicus strains isolated in Germany which were investigated previously by Andresen (J. Vet. Rec., 157, 2005, 376), exhD seems to predominate in S. hyicus strains from Russia.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

[Communication systems in bacteria and their role in pathogenicity].

A review of the literature about the bacterial systems of regulation of expression of the genes controlled by signals generated by the bacteria themselves is given. Three types of presently known Quorum sensing systems contributing to the expression of the pathogenicity factors, infection process, and formation of biofilms by pathogenic bacteria are described. Possible mechanisms of enhanced resistance of bacteria in films to antibacterial preparations and factors of immune protection of human body are discussed. The perspectives of the development of new approaches to treatment of chronic diseases caused by the pathogens producing bacterial films are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The technologies of genetic engineering in treatment of chronic lower limb ischemia].

The article contains experimental data on angiogenesis stimulated by plasmid containing the angiogenin gene. After the introduction of the gene construction, the number of capillars in the chorion-allantois membrane increases 2 to 3 times; in an ischemized limb of a rat it increases by 20 to 30%. Intramuscular administration of genetic engineering construction to patients with chronic lower limb ischemia improved the patients' condition, consisting in an increase in painless walking distance and ankle-brachial index, as well as in trophic defect healing and the betterment of muscular perfusion. Positive effects were noted after 2 to 4 weeks of treatment and remained during 6 to 24 months. There were no side-effects, except low grade fever during 1 to 2 days.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2005

[Genetic vaccines].

Vaccination with DNA-vaccines is a new approach in immunization that implies application of genetic constructions coding certain proteins of various pathogens instead of conventional ways of vaccination with inactivated or attenuated microorganisms. The main advantage of this approach consists in possibility to induce immune response in cases when the disease cannot be prevented by routinely used prophylactic vaccines. This advantage is attributed to the ability of DNA-vaccines to focus immune response (cellular, humoral or both) upon one or several certain pathogenic antigens, which is impossible in principle when conventional vaccines are used and does not occur during an infectious process. The efficiency of DNA-vaccines is currently being tested in various pre-clinical and clinical trials. Genetic vaccination has induced protective or therapeutic immune response in a significant number of these trials. However, despite numerous positive results, clinical use of DNA-vaccines has not been recommended yet.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[The role of tumor necrosis factor-alfa in the interaction between the macro- and microorganism].

The authors present a review containing their own and literature data on the role of cytokine TNF-alfa in infectious process on the part of the macro- and microorganism, paying special attention to the latter. The paper contains data from literature concerning the mechanism of the interaction between cytokine and eukaryotic cells and experimental data on direct interaction between cytokine and bacterial cells in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[The apoptosis-supressing activity of clamydia].

The paper covers data from literature, concerning the influence of bacteria upon apoptosis program of host's cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis induction and suppression, developed by bacteria and directed towards the maintenance of conditions favorable to the infection, are quite varied. These mechanisms are realized via complex interaction between biologically active bacterial molecules and particular targets of signal paths which lead to apoptosis. In intracellular parasitism the apoptosis-suppressing activity of bacteria may be considered to be one of the mechanisms of pathogenic organism's persistence which provide favorable conditions for the development of chronic infections. Infection caused by C. pneumoniae in human fibroblasts has been experimentally demonstrated to protect the cells from spontaneous and induced apoptosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[A study of action of subinhibiting concentrations of antibiotics on the expression of genes regulating production of pathogenicity factors in Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

Described in the paper are the results of a study of differential expression of pathogenicity of B. cepacia and P. aeruginosa in subinhibiting concentrations (SIC) of cyprofloxacyne. While identifying genes expressing differentially in the antibiotic SIC, genes cepR B. cepacia and P. aeruginosa expressing without cyprofloxacyne in the cultivation medium and not expressing in the antibiotic SIC were detected. Finally, involvement of cepR B. cepacia in regulating the pathogenicity expression factors according to "quorum sensing" is under discussion.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

[A study of the polymorphism of mec dna in methycillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated at permanent stations in different regions of Russia].

Polymorphism of the chromosome staphylococcus cassette mec (SCCmec), a mobile and heterological genetic element providing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was studied in methycillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated at permanent stations situated in different regions of Russia. Type SCCmec was identified using the PCR method by determining allotypes of 3 different structural genetic complexes incorporated in the cassettes mec. It was found that the isolates studied in this work contained 3 different types of SCCmec: I, III, and IVb. Both isolates containing 2 different copies of SCCmec and isolates containing defective copies of SCCmec were identified. It was demonstrated that determination of the SCC-mec type provided an opportunity to differentiate the isolates studied in this work from one another. The isolates attributed to the same genotype variant (identified by polymorphism of coagulase gene) but isolated at different hospitals located in different regions of Russia were found to contain the same type of the chromosome staphylococcus cassette mec, whereas the isolates of different coagulase groups (i.e., different genotype variants) contained different types of SCCmec. It was found that at least 2 epidemic strains circulated in the permanent hospitals of Russia. The strains differ from one another by the polymorphism of the coagulase gene and the mec DNA polymorphism. According to results of studies of several molecular markers (including mec DNA), these strains proved to be identical to the international strains EMRSA-1 and EMRSA-2. Possible mechanisms of MRSA formation and circulation in Russia and CIS countries are discussed.

Coagulase↗
PubMed2004

[Biofilms as a mode of existence of bacteria in external environment and host body: the phenomenon, genetic control, and regulation systems of development].

Studies of the last decade have shown that most bacteria exist in natural ecosystems as specifically organized, attached to substrates biofilms rather than as freely floating plankton cells. The formation of these biofilms is a complex and highly regulated process. The development of biofilm communities is a primary strategy of bacterial survival not only in the external environment but also in the bodies of infected macroorganisms. In these organisms, bacteria are joined by complicated cell-cell associations, which makes them functionally similar to multicellular organisms. In the present review, we consider the structural organization of biofilms, factors affecting initiation of the biofilm formation, differential expression of bacterial genes at various stages of the biofilm development and their regulation. The significance of studies in this field for medicine, in particular, for prevention and protection against pathogenic bacteria, is discussed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2003

[Correlation between activity of the phosphoenol-pyruvate-dependable phosphotransferase system (PTS) and synthesis of adhesion P1 protein in Mycoplasma pneumoniae].

Three isogenous strains M. pneumoniae, i.e. virulent FH, avirulent FH400 and a revertant with a restored virulence (FHR) and isolated from an avirulent strain, were studied. The mechanism of hemadsorption and the ability to cause an infection in Syrian hamsters were found to be damaged in the avirulent strain. The detection of a specific mRNA by the RT-PCR method showed, apart from the loss of the main adhesin (protein P1), a lack of general components of the phosphoenol-pyruvat-dependable phosphotranspherase system (PTS), i.e. enzyme 1 and protein HPr. The recovery of virulence by passing an attenuated strain through animals with induced immunodeficiency correlated with the recovery of the activity of a gene encoding the P1 adhesion protein and with the onset of the PTS function activity. An analysis of published data was made use of to try to detect a correlation between the functional PTS activity in cell and virulence of M. pneumoniae.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical strains of Burkholderia cepacia: characteristic and detection of the components in the quorum sensing regulatory system].

Described in the paper are characteristics of B. cepacia clinical strains isolated from patients at Moscow hospitals. The strains were investigated for the presence of proteolytic, chitinolytic, hemolytic and lipase activities as well as for presence of components of the "Quorum sensing" gene activity regulatory system by using biological test-systems and in the polymerase chain reaction with primers to genes cepI and cepR.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Differential gene expression in culturable and non-culturable Salmonella typhimurium].

Differential gene expression in culturable and non-culturable forms of Salmonella typhimurium was studied by the molecular display method. Six fragments of differentially expressed gene cDNA, depending on culturable or non-culturable state of the cultures, were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. Identification of corresponding S. typhimurium differentially expressed genes was carried out by comparing the sequences of cDNA fragments with the bacterial genome data base.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed2001

[Mobile genetic elements and their role in evolution of pathogenic bacteria].

The review discusses a role of mobile genetic elements in the evolution of pathogenic bacteria. Particularly great emphasis is placed on two recent thoroughly studied mobile genetic elements--the islets of pathogenicity and cassettes containing antibiotic resistant genes. The matters associated with the structural organization of these types of mobile elements, mechanisms of their translocations and involvement in the production of pathogenic bacteria are considered in detail. The data on the impact of macroorganisms on the horizontal dissemination of genetic information are discussed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

[Strategies of adaptive changes in Vibrio cholerae in natural water reservoirs].

The currently available data on different variations in cholera vibrio habiting in water reservoirs are summarized. The pattern of variations of the main signs of vibrions is discussed in the context of "typical-atypical-inactive-resting (uncultivable) forms". Emphasis is placed on the reversible pattern and adaptive essence of variation whose basis is clonal and selective processes in the heterogeneous bacterial population. Possible populational mechanisms responsible for the development of epidemic types of cholera vibrions in the aqueous ecosystems as a prerequisite for human morbidity are discussed. The efficiency of ecological and molecular genetic studies for the epidemiology of cholera is recognized.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

[The use of polymerase chain reaction for detection of tetracycline resistance urogenital mycoplasma ].

PCR was used for detecting tetracyclin resistance genes tet-M and tet-O in Mollicutes. The tet determinants were detected in U. urealyticum and M. hominis genomes in 60 and 57.14%, respectively. PCR was used to detect urogenital mycoplasma in patients with different urogenital infections. The rate of detection of U. urealyticum was 10.71-25.1% in males and 23.08-61.91% in females, for M. hominis these values were 6.25-11.45% and 3.85-22.99%, and for M. genitalium 6.25-29.64% and 4.76-30.0%, respectively. Hence, the detection rate of tet determinants in mycoplasma by PCR was high (7-60%) in all groups of patients.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Ultrastructural organization of Salmonella typhimurium cells during long-term starvation and transfer to an unculturable state].

Electron microscopic and immunocytochemical studies of Salmonella typhimurium culture were carried out under conditions of cell transfer into an unculturable state induced by carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen starvation. Morphological variants of bacterial cells were detected in the course of cell culturing under conditions of starvation. Electron microscopy showed that O-antigen was retained in salmonella after long starvation and transfer into an unculturable state.

Culture Media↗
PubMed2000

[Development of a quantitative PCR variant, and use of it for assessing gene expression].

The data on the development of a quantitative PCR technique are presented, including the synthesis of modified primers, the choice of conditions for the removal of reaction-mixture components from the amplified DNA, and the colorimetric detection of the PCR product. The application of this technique to the assessment of the level of gene expression in nonculturable bacterial forms characterized by a drastically reduced metabolism is described.

Colorimetry↗