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Biomedical subjects

A L Brown

Publications and source records attributed to A L Brown.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The Clearinghouse for Environmental Carcinogens of the National Cancer Institute, USA.

The NCI Clearinghouse for Environmental Carcinogens acts as an advisory body to the Carcinogenesis Testing Program of that Institute. It consists of 30 members, from academic institutions, labour organizations, consumer groups and industry. They are divided into three groups: the Chemical Selection group establishes priorities for compounds to be tested; the Experimental Design group decides on the test procedures and parameters to be used; and the Data Evaluation/Risk Assessment group review data from completed tests, for deficiencies in experimental design or conduct, the nature of the lesions produced and the statistical analysis of the results, and gives a critical opinion of the test.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed1979

Acute appendicitis during pregnancy.

From this study, we note: (1) misdiagnosis of appendicitis in pregnancy is comparable to that of the general female population; (2) with a maternal mortality of zero per cent, the operation is safe even when complicated by perforation; (3) fetal mortality is minimal; (4) clinical judgement rather than laboratory data must be relied on for diagnosis; and (5) the pregnant patient presenting with abdominal pain should be assessed and treated as one would any patient with the same complaint. The general use of this principle may explain the marked improvement in maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity in recent years.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1978

Urinothorax following blunt trauma to the kidney.

A case of urinothorax is reported in a 19-year-old girl with multiple injuries sustained in an auto accident. Thus blung injury to the right kidney was followed 8 days later by reduced urinary output and serous chest tube drainage. Intravenous dye injection showed dye in urine and in chest tube fluid, and the macerated right kidney was removed. The right pleural effusion then cleared with further drainage. The mechanism by which urine is transferred across the intact diaphragm is thought to be lymphatic drainage.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Resistance to arteriosclerosis in pigs with von Willebrand's disease. Spontaneous and high cholesterol diet-induced arteriosclerosis.

The aortas of 11 pigs (aged 1-3 yr) with homozygous von Willebrand's disease (vWd) were compared with those of 11 normal pigs of the same ages. Six of the controls exhibited multiple arteriosclerotic plaques with intimal thickening of 63-130 mum. In contrast, none of the pigs with vWd had multiple plaques, and only one had a lesion >2 mm in diameter. In a subsequent study, 3-mo-old pigs (11 controls and 7 with homozygous vWd) were placed on a 2% cholesterol diet for up to 6 mo. All of the controls developed arteriosclerotic plaques in the aorta, and in nine of the controls, at least 13% of the entire surface was involved. Intimal thickness ranged up to 390 mum. In contrast, four of the pigs with vWd did not develop such lesions, two developed arteriosclerotic lesions affecting 6 and 7% of the aortic surface, and the seventh had 13% of the aortic surface involved. Most of the pigs with vWd, however, developed flat fatty lesions in contrast to the normal pigs whether on the normal or the high cholesterol diet. There was blue staining of the flat fatty lesions when two pigs with vWd were injected with Evans blue dye antemortem. By electron microscopy, severe endothelial damage was apparent, but there was no intimal proliferation. The coincidence of the impaired platelet-arterial wall interaction and lack of arteriosclerosis in this bleeding disease is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Increased survival with new techniques in treatment of gastroschisis.

Since the opening of the Neonatology Unit, we have become the referral center for our area for problems in the newborn. In the past three years, we have treated five full-term and two premature infants with gastroschisis. There was one death in a premature infant. With an aggressive therapeutic approach and a new surgical technique, we have achieved an overall survival rate of greater than 85%. Primary closure was possible in three patients, with the remaining four being trreated in two stages. A modification of the Schuster silastic bag closure was first accomplished in those patients treated in two stages. Definitive surgical correction was completed within eight days of birgh in all seven patients. No ventral hernias or wound infections occurred using the new technique. Careful preoperative transport and management, judicious anesthesia, antibiotics, ventilatory support, and parenteral hyperalimentation when necessary, have all contributed to our increased survival rate and decreased morbidity.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Quantitation of left ventricular myocardial fiber hypertrophy and interstitial tissue in human hearts with chronically increased volume and pressure overload.

Using new techniques, we quantitated left ventricular myocardial fiber hypertrophy and interstitial tissue in four groups of autopsied hearts free of coronary disease: 1) 22 normal hearts, 2) 20 hearts from patients with mitral incompetence (NYHA Class II-III) who died early after mitral valve replacement from causes other than cardiac failure, 3) 22 hearts from patients with mitral incompetence (NYHA Class III-IV) who died early after mitral valve replacement from cardiac failure with low cardiac output syndrome, and 4) 22 hearts from patients with hypertensive heart disease (NYHA Class II-III). Myocardial fiber hypertrophy was quantitated by measuring cross-sectional myocardial fiber diameter; the proportion of interstitial tissue was quantitated by using a computerized, high-resolution video image-digitizing system. Myocardial fiber average diameter in groups 2, 3 and 4 was significantly higher than group 1. The proportion of interstitial tissue was significantly increased in group 3. In chronic mitral incompetence an increase in left ventricular interstitial tissue may play a role in the development of severe cardiac failure.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1977

Penetration of the small intestinal mucosa by asbestos fibers.

Amosite asbestos fibers suspended in saline were placed in an isolated segment of rat jejunum in vivo. One hour later, segments of jejunal mucosa were taken for examination in three of the five rats exposed to the amosite suspension. Fibers also were presented in the lamina propria.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The significance of intraoperative ventricular fibrillation during aortic valve replacement.

The effect of the spontaneous occurrence of ventricular fibrillation during aortic valve replacement and coronary arterial perfusion was studied in a consecutive series of 361 such operations. All operations were performed in a standard manner before 1972. One fourth of the patients experienced ventricular fibrillation,and the early mortality rate of this group was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher 7.3 per cent) than in the nonfibrillating group (1.5 per cent). The total mortality rate was 3 per cent. However, late results among survivors of the operations showed no effect of fibrillation. These findings indicate that ventricular fibrillation should be avoided in these patients. Whether or not countershock is advisable if and when fibrillation occurs remains an unanswered question.

Adult↗