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Biomedical subjects

A Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to A Kumar.

At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Sclerosants for variceal sclerotherapy: a critical appraisal.

Endoscopic sclerotherapy is a well-accepted technique for the treatment of variceal bleeding. It is carried out by injecting a sclerosant into or around a varix. Sclerosants are oily or aqueous chemicals which produce sclerosis, depending on their necroinflammatory and thrombotic properties. The safety and efficacy of various sclerosants has been evaluated in experimental and human studies. However, due to the presence of a large number of variables, conflicting results have been reported. Based primarily on anecdotal experiences, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, ethanolamine oleate, polidocanol, and alcohol appear to be potent and safe sclerosants. There is great need to perform double-blind trials to identify ideal sclerosant(s) with optimum thrombogenic and minimum necroinflammatory properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Quartan malaria--an investigation on the incidence of Plasmodium malariae in Bisra PHC, District Sundargarh, Orissa.

A longitudinal study on the incidence of P. malariae was taken up from September 1988 to December 1989 in Bisra block, District Sundargarh, Orissa covering 38,615 population, which is mainly tribal. The area is a known hard-core malarious region in the Garhjat hill range in eastern India. In this study, out of 22,217 blood smears examined through weekly active surveillance, 7362 (33.1%) were found malaria parasite positive. Out of the total positive cases, 82 (1.1%) were P. malariae. These occurred mostly (91.4%) in persons below 40 years of age and children below 9 years accounted for 36.6% of total quartan malaria cases. In this age group the disease was found to be associated with splenomegaly (average enlarged spleen 2.07; spleen rate 45.9%) and 9 out of 13 mixed infections of P. malariae with P. falciparum and/or P. vivax were detected from this age group. This is the first report of quartan malaria from this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Histopathological changes following anterior chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.

Twenty five patients of advanced breast cancer (Stage IIIb and IV) were studied and the histological changes following chemotherapy were looked. All the tumours showed varying degree of histological changes. Twenty eight percent tumours showed Grade I changes, 28 percent had Grade II changes and 28 percent had Grade III changes. Residual tumour was present in all the cases. The tumour showing higher grade of cancer cell degeneration following chemotherapy had better response. Seven tumours showing Grade III changes had 85.7 percent partial response. No complete response was achieved.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence & clinical associations of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in India.

Anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) screening using an ELISA technique, in 76 patients of Indian origin with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), showed aCL in 27.63 per cent of patients. This prevalence was much lower than that reported in the Western population. The presence of aCL showed positive correlations with recurrent abortions and organic neurological lesions seen in SLE.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

Concurrent analysis of plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol by isocratic HPLC.

A simple, rapid and reliable method is described for simultaneous determination of plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol. Plasma is deprotenized with 100% ethanol which contains retinyl acetate as internal standard and later extracted with HPLC grade n-hexane. The evaporated organic layer is reconstituted with methanol; diethyl ether (75:25 v/v) and injected onto a 250 x 4.6 mm column of zorbax CIS ODS C18 at a 1.5 ml/min flow rate. The system is monitored at 280 nm for both retinol and alpha-tocopherol. Intrabatch CVs were 3.9% for retinol and 1.8% for alpha-tocopherol respectively. Interbatch CVs over a 8-12 weeks period were about 9.48% for retinol and 6.7% for alpha-tocopherol. Our results agree well with those of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in quality control samples. This method should prove useful for routine analysis in clinical and epidemiological work.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

Weight and height norms of 5-10 years old children of upper socio-economic status.

One thousand and twenty four school children (574 boys and 450 girls) between the ages of 5-10 years, belonging to upper socio-economic status were cross sectionally studied to establish regional weight and height norms. The boys were heavier till the age of 9 years while the girls were heavier than boys beyond that age. The boys were taller than the girls between 5-9 years and thereafter the girls over took the boys.

Body Height↗
PubMed1990

External ophthalmomyiasis associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Ophthalmomyiasis is a rare entity caused by infestation with certain dipterous larvae. We describe a 71-year-old farmer with herpes zoster ophthalmicus on the left side of the face in whom the blisters became secondarily infested with Chrysomyia bezziana maggots. The maggots were removed mechanically, and the corneal involvement secondary to zoster ophthalmicus responded to therapy with topical steroids and cycloplegics. To our knowledge this is the first report of external ophthalmomyiasis due to C. bezziana.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Temporary conduction block of optic nerve after retrobulbar anesthesia.

Three patients who experienced temporary visual loss after retrobulbar anesthesia with 2% lidocaine (Xylocaine) are described. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) consistently increased in latency and decreased in amplitude. Abnormal VEPs such as these recorded for humans after retrobulbar anesthesia are, to our knowledge, reported here for the first time.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nickel-mediated inhibition in the glutathione-dependent protection against lipid peroxidation.

Glutathione protects liver microsomes against the rapid onset of lipid peroxidation via a sulfhydryl dependent heat labile factor known as free radical reductase. The administration of nickel to mice resulted in an inhibition in the activity of free radical reductase, and enhanced lipid peroxidation and the activity of glutathione S-transferase in a dose dependent manner. The pretreatment of cyclam, a known specific chelator of nickel restored free radical reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities and alleviated nickel mediated enhancement of lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that nickel-mediated inhibition in free radical reductase activity and activation of glutathione S-transferase may be due to the interaction of nickel with sensitive-SH groups located on these proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Platelet ionic calcium and serum total calcium in essential hypertension.

A total of 44 cases comprising hypertensive (31) and normotensive group (13) were studied. Serum total calcium concentrations remained unaltered in hypertensives. Platelet cytosolic calcium in hypertensive group was significantly higher as compared to the normotensive controls. Platelet cytosolic calcium correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure significantly.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1990

Clinico-biochemical use of serum acetylcholine esterase following treatment with synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, in cattle and buffalo experimentally infested with Boophilus microplus.

Following treatment, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, were found to have inhibitory effect on serum acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity of cattle and buffalo experimentally infested with B. microplus. The pattern of AchE activity in infested-pyrethroid-treated group was found to be significantly different from either healthy or tick-infested control. There was transient increase in the enzyme activity initially, followed by gradual decline and subsequent increase leading to normal level within 7 days of pyrethroid treatment. The enzyme activity was found to be low in buffalo than in cattle and the values remained below normal level up to day 7 in tick-infested group. The reversion of AchE activity to normal level in pyrethroid-treated group indicated that these compounds are prompt and safe ixodicides with least residual effect. The present investigation concludes that estimation of serum AchE might help in the clinico-biochemical diagnosis of tick toxin and pyrethroid toxicity in cattle and buffalo treated with these pyrethroids against tick infestation.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

Clinical profile, therapeutic approach and outcome of gouty arthritis in northern India.

Thirty patients with gouty arthritis were studied over 3 years. The diagnosis was established with the help of polarised light microscopy. All the patients were males, with a median age of 45 years. They belonged to the middle or upper socio-economic class and were obese (mean body mass index 29.7). Chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were present in one patient each. No patient had symptomatic coronary artery disease. Although 6 patients had a history of renal colic, only one had gouty nephropathy with chronic renal failure. Six patients had a positive family history of gout. The disease involved mostly the joints of the lower extremity and podagra was observed in 70% of patients. Eight patients had tophi at various sites. There were 17 'over producers' and 13 'under excretors' of uric acid. The treatment consisted of patient education, symptomatic control with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or colchicine and antihyperuricaemic therapy. The overproducers were treated with allopurinol while the under excretors were treated with [corrected] sulfinpyrazone. In general, there was a good response to therapy as indicated by lowering of serum uric acid and the number of painful episodes per year. The overall profile of the disease appears similar to that seen in the West.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Malignant hyperthermia.

Two cases of malignant hyperthermia (MH) are presented. The first patient presented initially with tachyarrhythmia intraoperatively and rapid onset of MH crisis. Nasopharyngeal temperature of 43 degrees C was attained after 15-20 minutes of anaesthesia. The patient eventually died of myocardial failure despite external cardiac massage, inotropic support and ventricular pacing. The second patient presented with increasing endogenous hypercarbia following the administration of suxamethonium and isoflurane. The use of the end tidal carbon dioxide monitor led to an early diagnosis of MH. The early use of dantrolene may have contributed to the favourable outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spectral studies of bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Absence of covalently bound pyrroloquinoline quinone.

Bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase was examined spectroscopically for the presence of covalently bound pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). Pure dopamine beta-hydroxylase had a featureless UV-visible spectrum above 300 nm. An equimolar solution of dopamine beta-hydroxylase and exogenously added PQQ (1 PQQ/active site) had a strong absorption maximum at 333 nm. Dialysis removed the added PQQ, indicating that dopamine beta-hydroxylase does not bind PQQ irreversibly. Reaction of dopamine beta-hydroxylase with 6 mM phenylhydrazine in the presence of 15 mM ascorbate caused 96% inactivation within 20 min and did not produce any spectrally detectable amounts of the phenylhydrazone adduct of PQQ, as reported by van der Meer et al. (van der Meer, R.A., Jongejan, J.A., and Duine, J.A. (1988) FEBS Lett. 231, 303-307). The peptide profile of phenylhydrazine inactivated dopamine beta-hydroxylase was monitored at 316 nm and did not reveal any peptides that might contain a PQQ-phenylhydrazone adduct. Thus, the absence of any spectrally detectable PQQ-phenylhydrazone adducts under these conditions demonstrates that the mechanism of phenylhydrazine inactivation does not involve covalent modification of PQQ at the active site of dopamine beta-hydroxylase and provides strong evidence that the native enzyme does not contain PQQ.

Adrenal Medulla↗