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Biomedical subjects

A Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to A Kumar.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical profile of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus was seen in 22 cases out of 195 cases of herpes zoster (11.3% incidence). It was affecting mainly adults (90.9%). Oedema over the lids (81.8%) was invariably present and lead to ptosis. Mucopurulent conjunctivitis, predominantly mucoid (72.7%) was the commonest manifestation associated with vesicles over the lid margins. Sectorial (22.7%) and diffuse (9.1%) episcleritis appeared in later part of first week, while nodular episcleritis was observed in one case only on 12th day of the disease. Nummular keratitis was seen in 31.8% of cases between 8-10 days. Iritis and iridocyclitis was seen in 45.4% of cases out of which 36.3% had secondary ocular hypertension (glaucoma). Neuroparalytic keratitis and internal ophthalmoplegia were detected in one patient each. Postherpetic neuralgia occurred in 22.7% of cases and was uncommon in younger age group (below 40 years, 4.5%). Carbamazepine was effective in relieving the herpetic pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cryopexy in pars planitis.

Cryotherapy has been reported to be of benefit in pars planitis. We studied 16 eyes with classic pars planitis unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy. Eight eyes continued with systemic and periocular steroid therapy, and in the remaining eight eyes transconjunctival cryopexy of the peripheral retina and vitreous base was done as an additional procedure. At 6 months four of the eyes that received cryopexy showed an improvement in Snellen visual acuity, and in the other four the acuity was unchanged; none of the eyes showed any vitreous base neovascularization. Among the eyes that received steroid therapy only, the acuity was unchanged in five, improved in one and reduced in two.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Beneficial effects of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Commiphora mukul on experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis--a comparative evaluation.

Oral administration of petroleum ether extract of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and ethylacetate extract of Commiphora mukul in albino rats significantly prevented rise in serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride level, caused by atherogenic diet. All the three agents were also found to confer significant protection against atherogenic diet induced atherosclerosis.

Allium↗
PubMed1991

Biochemical characterization of serum thyroglobulin from patients with bone metastases from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

The biochemical properties of serum thyroglobulin obtained from six patients with follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and distant metastases to bone(s) have been studied. Since it is difficult to isolate sufficient thyroglobulin from serum samples, in vivo radioiodinated serum thyroglobulin obtained after radioiodine administration was used. In contrast to a sharp salting-out pattern observed with native thyroglobulin isolated from normal thyroid tissue, a broad salting-out curve was seen with metastatic serum thyroglobulin. The metastatic serum thyroglobulin eluted with low ionic strength from ion-exchange column. More than 95% of metastatic serum thyroglobulin could be bound to concanavalin-A sepharose and be eluted with 0.5 M alpha-methyl mannoside. The reactivity of metastatic serum thyroglobulin and native thyroglobulin towards concanavalin-A was comparable. Both types of thyroglobulins showed identical mobilities on sucrose linear density gradient centrifugation. The metastatic serum thyroglobulin from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid thus appears to be 19 S thyroglobulin with near normal concanavalin-A binding sugars but altered surface charges.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

A study on the chronopharmacokinetics of theophylline in rabbits.

The Chronopharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of theophylline was studied in rabbits. It was observed that morning (06.00 hr) dosing was characterized by significantly low rate of absorption (t 1/2a and Tmax) but higher extent of absorption (AUC0-alpha) compared to that after nocturnal dosing (22.00 hr). The plasma half life (t1/2el) was significantly less at night compared to that in daytime. The data may have considerable clinical relevance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Renal failure in symptomatic perinatal asphyxia.

The study included seven term newborns developing acute renal failure due to symptomatic perinatal asphyxia in early neonatal period. Its diagnosis was based on clinical and biochemical indices. Urinary output, serum and urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were evaluated in all of them. All the patients had oliguria not responding to fluid challenge and/or diuretic therapy, high serum K, FeNa of greater than 2.5% and RFI of greater than 3 indicative of intrinsic renal disease. The condition was associated with a very high mortality.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

Intraoperative anaesthetic management of the liver transplant patient.

Orthotopic liver transplantation has become an established method of treating end-stage liver disease. Anaesthesia for patients undergoing this procedure can be complicated because end-stage liver disease is often associated with dysfunction of other physiological systems. Rapid haemodynamic, metabolic and coagulation changes can occur intraoperatively requiring aggressive haemodynamic monitoring backed by on-line laboratory facilities. The increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the procedure and the use of dedicated rapid infusion systems and intraoperative blood salvage have helped to improve the intraoperative management of the liver transplant patient. Co-operation and communication between the blood bank, haematology, biochemistry, surgical and anaesthesia services are vital.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1991

Extraoperative management of the liver transplant patient.

Advances in liver transplantation have made the procedure an accepted therapeutic measure for patients with end-stage liver disease. This report is based on the authors experience on the first adult liver transplant in Singapore. The anaesthetic management is a challenge as patients are in long-standing hepatic failure with derangements of cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, central nervous, and haematological systems. Therefore, individual preoperative assessment must incorporate a thorough understanding of these pathophysiologic phenomena and their interactions with anaesthetic drugs. Similarly, the postoperative care of the recipient will require intensive critical monitoring of all vital organ, systems and aggressive intervention to support failing organ systems. The important early concerns in the immediate postoperative period (less than 72 hours) include bleeding and graft function. After the first 72 hours, if the liver is functioning and the patient is not bleeding, it is a period of repair for the organ systems which were damaged prior to or during the transplant procedure. Intravenous nutrition is begun, and the immunosuppression maintenance dose is established. During the first three weeks, most of the technical causes of graft dysfunction, sepsis, and acute rejection become apparent. The distinction between rejection and infection continues to be an enigma, and requires rapid differentiation as the modes of therapy are totally different. The role of anaesthesiologists in the extraoperative care of the liver transplant recipient involves awareness and interdisplinary communication.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of malaria and economic loss in two major iron ore mines in Sundargarh district, Orissa.

A cross-sectional study on malaria was undertaken in May 1989 in the settlements of Kalta and Barsuan iron ore mines situated in a hilly area of Sundargarh district. Fever surveys revealed slide positivity rates of 33.9% and 34.8% in Kalta and Barsuan, respectively. Malaria infection rates as recorded through mass blood surveys in the resident population were 23.5 and 13.8%, respectively. Children up to 9 years age suffered most from malaria and in the age group of 2-9 years 37.3%, children had enlarged spleens with an average enlarged spleen (AES) index of 1.7. P. falciparum was the most prevalent species followed by P. vivax and P. malariae. Malaria vectors viz., An. fluviatilis and An. culicifacies were present in high densities. The present paper also brings out the economic loss due to malaria to the mining industry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Filaria situation in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli.

A resurvey conducted 8 years later in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli revealed the persistence of filariasis amongst its residents. Though no control measures have been in operation since the detection of filariasis in Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1982, the parasitological indices, microfilaria (mf) and disease rates as well as mf count have remained static. The entomological studies revealed five times increase in density of Culex quinquefasciatus both in Silvassa and Naroli towns.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical profile of giardiasis and comparison of its therapeutic response to metronidazole and tinidazole.

Seventy five cases (50 males, 25 females; mean age 20.2 +/- 5.8 years), whose stools were positive for cysts and/or trophozoites of Giardia lamblia, were studied for their clinical profile and therapeutic response to metronidazole and tinidazole. Maximum frequency of cases (41.2%) was noted upto 20 years of age, and it declined with advancing age. A majority of them (41.3%) presented with non-specific symptoms while 38.6% were asymptomatic parasite carriers. Features of malabsorption were observed in 12% of cases and 8% presented with acute illness, having explosive, watery, foul smelling diarrhoea along with crampy upper abdominal discomfort. Most of them (62.5%) had blood group A. Tinidazole (97.5%) was more efficacious (P less than 0.01) than metronidazole (54%) in a single dose of 50 mg/Kg, with good tolerance. Tinidazole can be recommended for the treatment of giardiasis in individual cases as well as in families and close communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Predicted secondary structure of glycogen phosphorylase from Escherichia coli as deduced using Chou-Fasman analysis.

Secondary structure of glycogen phosphorylase from Escherichia coli has been deduced using Chou-Fasman analysis. Out of 809 amino acid residues, 244 residues showed formation of alpha-helix (30%), 218 residues beta-pleated sheet (27%) and 192 residues (24%) showed formation of reverse beta turn, distributed all over the sequence. There are total 27 alpha-helix and 31 beta-pleated sheets distributed all over the molecule. A structure consisting of three consecutive strands of beta-pleated sheets and two joining alpha-helix is predicted for the stretch of the primary sequence from residues 325 to 372, thus showing the presence of a Rossman fold super secondary structure. There is a tyrosine at position 350 in the super secondary structure, in the area to contain a reverse beta turn. Several amino acids pairs are present in the sequence having Rossman fold super secondary structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Malaria related to constructions in Panaji, Goa.

A marked difference in malaria incidence amongst labour imported for construction and local residents was observed in a study following the outbreak of malaria in Panaji (Goa) in 1986. Water stagnation in and around the construction was the main breeding site for An. stephensi and the intensity of malaria transmission was dependent on the area under construction.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of propofol and thiopentone as induction agents for laparoscopy.

Fifty two patients for laparoscopy were randomly divided into two groups and induced with propofol 2 mgkg-1 or thiopentone 4 mgkg-1. The two groups were similar for race, age, weight, premedication and duration of operation. General anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation, nitrous oxide/oxygen with 0.5% halothane and muscle relaxation with suxamethonium was used throughout. Induction times were similar for both groups. The systolic, diastolic blood pressures and heart rates of both groups fell significantly from baseline values two minutes after induction. The fall in systolic blood pressure was greater with propofol (p less than 0.01). Following intubation the rise in systolic, diastolic blood pressures and heart rate above baseline values were greater with thiopentone (p less than 0.001 for all three variables). Discomfort on injection and involuntary movements were significantly more common with propofol. Laryngospasm was significantly more common with thiopentone. Patients given propofol could sit up unaided earlier after the anaesthesia (p less than 0.01). There was no difference in eye opening and orientation time.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Outbreak of dracontiasis in the Bhiwandi town of Maharashtra: a report.

In May 1990, dracontiasis or guineaworm cases were reported for the first time from Bhiwandi, a thickly populated urban industrial complex about 50 kms north of the metropolis of Bombay. The report of guineaworm cases from a typical urban situation was considered an unforeseen setback to an otherwise satisfactory progress towards guineaworm elimination target in Maharashtra State. To elucidate the factors responsible for the outbreak of guineaworm cases in Bhiwandi, an investigation was taken up in third week of September 1990. The investigation revealed that all the guineaworm cases occurred in a small area of about 1 sq. km. where, because of the inadequate piped water supply, people were forced to resort to step wells for drinking water and other needs. Except for the two cases, who were local residents, all the other cases involved floating population from nonendemic areas. The vector involvement, could not be elucidated, as all the 31 water sources were free of cyclops, because of treatment with temephos undertaken by the Municipal Council prior to the investigation. It has been suggested that transmission of dracontiasis in the contiguous vulnerable urban settlements is a possibility which should be kept in mind while formulating control or eradication strategies against guineaworm disease.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1991

Operational evaluation of Guineaworm Eradication Programme--the parameters.

In order to achieve guineaworm eradication in 1990s, the Guineaworm Eradication Programme (GWEP) should operate with utmost efficiency; and needs to be concurrently evaluated for timely corrective measures. Some simple parameters, their relevance, levels and frequency at which these may be helpful to objectively evaluate the GWEP efficiency are discussed in this communication.

Algorithms↗