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Biomedical subjects

A Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to A Kumar.

At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Alteration in blood gases in tetanus.

Tetanus is an important cause of patient mortality. Hypoxia is an important determinant of poor prognosis in tetanus. Oxygen saturation (Sa02) determines effectiveness of muscle relaxants. We performed arterial blood gas (ABG) studies in 20 patients with tetanus and 20 controls. All patients had hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis at admission. The mortality rate in patients with admission PaO2 < 70mm Hg was higher compared to those with PaO2 > 70mm Hg (P < 0.01). Patient with pH < 7.2 had higher mortality compared to those with pH > 7.2 (p < 0.05). Severe hypoxemia and severe metabolic acidosis connoted poor prognosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1994

Modulatory effect of Dalton's lymphoma cells on the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by murine peritoneal macrophages.

The effect of Dalton's lymphoma (DL) cells on the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by murine peritoneal macrophages was investigated. Treatment of macrophages with LPS resulted in significant enhancement in the production of RNI, soluble and membrane-associated IL-1 and TNF. A significant inhibition in the production of RNI and IL-1 was observed when the macrophages were coincubated with DL cells whereas TNF production was enhanced. Incubation of macrophages in the presence of DL cells alone even in the absence of LPS could induce production of TNF level comparable to that of LPS-treated macrophages. Paraformaldehyde-fixed DL cells and DL cell conditioned medium could also inhibit RNI production by macrophages. On the other hand pre-exposure of macrophages to viable DL cells or DL cell-conditioned medium prior to treatment with LPS could prime the macrophages for enhanced production of RNI. This study indicates that the regulatory effect of lymphoma cells on macrophage activation may have relevance of the host defence against tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Experimental infection of rat (Rattus norvigus, strain Wistar) mammary gland by Mollicutes from the bovine udders.

Seven isolates of Mollicutes, Mycoplasma F-38; M. mycoides var. capri; mixed isolates of M. bovigenitalium and M. bovirhinis; M. bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma F-38 and M. bovirhinis; M. bovis, M. bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma F-38 and A. laidlawii; A. axanthum; A. laidlawii from bovine udders and a M. bovis type strain (NCTC-10131) produced significant histopathological changes characterized by infiltration of neutrophils in lumen of acini, interlobular and intralobular ducts along with the hyperplasia of lining cells of acini, interlobular and intralobular ducts and infiltration of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts in interstitium in the mammary gland of rat suggestive of mastitis. A. laidlawii and A. axanthum produced only mild changes suggestive of their negligible role in the bovine mastitis. Rat mammary gland is recommended as a suitable in vivo experimental laboratory model to screen the mastitogenic potential of Mollicutes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in the management of bilirubinemia in term neonates.

One hundred full term babies of both sexes were randomly selected for transcutaneous bilirubin index (TcBI) estimation at the forehead at 12-24 h intervals from the time of appearance of clinical jaundice till the serum bilirubin levels fell within safe limits. TcBI was correlated with serum bilirubin estimated by conventional diazo method. Forty babies required phototherapy, in 20 an area of 2.5 cm2 over the forehead was covered during phototherapy to make an unexposed 'window' for TcBI estimation. The other 20 newborns received phototherapy as such and TcBI was estimated on the forehead. There was a linear relationship between serum bilirubin level and TcBI estimated at the forehead (r = 0.9090; P < 0.001). Further a significant linear correlation between prephototherapy and post-phototherapy (covered and uncovered groups) TcBI and serum bilirubin levels also existed (r = 0.7979; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between post-phototherapy TcBI estimated at the covered and uncovered areas of forehead. However, post-phototherapy values of TcBI were significantly lower than corresponding prephototherapy values at higher serum bilirubin levels (> 16 mg/dl).

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1994

Polycythemia associated with uterine fibroid.

Polycythemia has been observed to occur infrequently in association with uterine fibromyomas. Study of this case revealed polycythemia prior to surgery and remission was noted after myomectomy. The mechanisms proposed to explain polycythemia in such a tumor were revised.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Eales' disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Experimental inhibition of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in retinal detachment using daunorubicin.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remains the most common cause of failure in retinal detachment surgery. Surgical procedures for its repair entails complex and extensive instrumentation besides technical skill. The success rate varies widely with high incidence of redetachment. Keeping this in view, we evaluated the role of intravitreal daunorubicin as an anti-mitiotic agent in the inhibition of PVR. Our study concluded that 5 micrograms of intravitreal daunorubicin effectively inhibited PVR in the rabbit eye and the dosage was safe and nontoxic. The half-life of the drug was determined to be about 140 minutes, suggesting a prolonged intravitreal concentration sufficient to prevent fibroblast proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of ectoparasites on goats in Dehradun (India).

The prevalence of two phthirapteran species, Bovicola caprae and Linognathus africanus, on 1048 goats from Dehradun (India) was 79.2% and 38% respectively. Prevalence of both species was higher on visibly weaker and less hairy goats. Sex related differences in prevalence were not found. The prevalence of L. africanus was slightly higher on young goats but the same was not true in case of B. caprae. The incidence of B. caprae showed moderately negative correlation with environmental temperature and photoperiod. The relative intensity of B. caprae has been found higher during winter months, followed by summers. Study primarily deals with lice but the information about prevalence of other ectoparasites like ticks, fleas and keds, has also been supplemented.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1994

Epidermoid cyst (cholesteatoma) and cholesterol granuloma of the temporal bone and epidermoid cysts affecting the brain.

Five cases of petrous apex epidermoid cysts, six cases of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma cysts, and seven cases of intradural cerebellopontine angle (CPA) or intracranial epidermoid cysts are reviewed. Petrous epidermoid cysts (cholesteatomas) and cholesterol granuloma cysts cannot be differentiated definitely from each other on CT scans. On MR imaging, epidermoid cysts exhibit long T1 and long T2 characteristics and can be differentiated from cholesterol granuloma cysts, which exhibit short T1 and long T2 characteristics. Intradural epidermoid cysts involving the CPA or other portions of the brain, also demonstrate long T1 and long T2 characteristics on MR scans. Intradural epidermoid cysts exhibit curvilinear areas of higher intensity on T1-weighted images, which were best evaluated on T1-weighted MR images obtained with more averages (6 to 8).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Pleomorphic carcinoma (spindle and giant cell) of the lung.

Pleomorphic carcinoma is a rare, very aggressive subtype of lung cancer that follows the clinical pattern of carcinosarcoma. The tumors tend to present as a peripheral mass frequently showing a mixture of spindle and giant cell features and often are associated with other, more common histologic subtypes of lung carcinoma. Clinical outcome is poor, with median survival of ten months. This article describes an unusual lung tumor (pleomorphic carcinoma) in a patient presenting with explosive symptoms suggesting an infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Contrast sensitivity in diabetic retinopathy after panretinal photocoagulation.

Reports of changes in contrast sensitivity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) have considered only relatively short-term results, and these have been conflicting. We evaluated contrast sensitivity changes in 30 eyes of 29 PDR patients after PRP. The patients were divided into two groups. One, group A, received PRP at one sitting, and the other, group B, at two sittings. Before and at regular intervals after PRP, all of the patients underwent a battery of macular function tests for best-corrected visual acuity, color vision, contrast sensitivity, and photostress. Contrast sensitivity was significantly affected (P < .001) in both groups immediately after PRP, but stabilized to prelaser levels by the end of 3 months. Color-vision-error scores also were significantly higher (P < .001) immediately after PRP. Best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, however, remained stable at prelaser levels. Contrast sensitivity appears to provide a more sensitive measurement of visual acuity than the Snellen chart for monitoring foveal integrity in patients undergoing PRP.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of inhalational anaesthetics on murine in vitro fertilization.

Chronic exposure to inhalational anaesthetics has been implicated in producing adverse reproductive effects in exposed personnel. A longer duration of general anaesthesia during laparoscopic oocyte retrieval for human in vitro fertilization programmes was associated with a decrease in fertilization and cleavage rates. In this study, a mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of clinical concentrations of nitrous oxide, isoflurane and halothane on in vitro fertilization. Mouse oocytes were exposed to 3 inhalational anaesthetic mixtures, oxygen/nitrous oxide, oxygen/nitrous/isoflurane 0.5% or oxygen/nitrous oxide/halothane 0.5% just prior to insemination and their subsequent development was assessed. The fertilization (2-cell) rate and early embryonic growth rate, i.e., 4-cell and morula rates were not statistically different from those of controls which were exposed to air. This study showed that short exposures to clinical concentrations of nitrous oxide, isoflurane and halothane had no deleterious effect on in vitro fertilization and early embryonic growth up to the morula stage in the mouse. Their effects on subsequent implantation and foetal teratogenecity are unknown.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

An epidemiological profile of gastro-enteritis deaths in Delhi state.

This paper describes epidemiological features of 75 gastro-enteritis deaths that occured in 22 major hospitals of Delhi during 1990-92. Three fourth's of deaths were in under five years of age group and more than half were infants. In 84 per cent, diarrhoea was of an acute watery type. Dehydration was the commonest immediate cause of death, while malnutrition was the commonest associated cause. No ORS/SSS/HAF was given to one fourth of the patients. Close relatives of two third's of deceased were either not aware at all about ORS/SSS or had incorrect information. In 87 per cent, food intake was either stopped or had been restricted. The study emphasizes the need for an intensive IEC campaign for prevention, and for better case management in the hospitals coupled with appropriate reorientation training of private practitioners.

Adolescent↗