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Biomedical subjects

A Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to A Kumar.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Fibrinogen promotes adhesion of monocytic to human mesothelioma cells.

Adhesion between monocytic and mesothelioma or pleural mesothelial cells influences stromal remodeling in pleural neoplasia. We found that cultured monocytic cells (U937) adhere to either human pleural mesothelioma (MS-1) or mesothelial (MeT5A) cells in vitro. 125I-fibrinogen bound specifically and saturably to either cell line, and specific fibrinogen binding increased upon stimulation of these cells with proinflammatory agents such as phorbol myristate (PMA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). We purified the fibrinogen receptor protein from a membrane fraction of MS-1 cells and identified it by immunoprecipitation as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1). Anti-ICAM-1 antibody or antisense oligonucleotides inhibited fibrinogen-mediated cell adhesion and binding of 125I-fibrinogen to mesothelioma or mesothelial cells. Cultured monocytic cells adhere to either mesothelioma or mesothelial cells, and the interaction is promoted by fibrinogen binding ICAM-1 at the cell surface. ICAM-1 is expressed by mesothelioma cells and CD 11b by macrophages in the fibrinous mesothelioma tumor stroma. The data suggest a common mechanism by which monocytic cells could adhere to either malignant mesothelioma cells or the mesothelial surface in pleural neoplasia.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1996

AIDS awareness among nursing students of Delhi.

A total of 233 students of nursing school affiliated to a major hospital of Delhi were surveyed anonymously employing a predesigned, pretested and self-administered questionnaire. Although, 78.6 per cent students knew that AIDS stands for "Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome," 15.5 per cent students were unaware of the fact that AIDS had reached India. Majority of them were aware of various aspects of HIV/AIDS. However, they also had few misconceptions particularly regarding HIV transmission. Contrary to our belief, only one-fourth students acquired AIDS information from scientific journals. One training session on AIDS conducted for a small group of students could not bring any significant change in their knowledge. Findings suggest organization of AIDS-training sessions at regular intervals from the very inception of nursing programme to impart complete and correct knowledge of these future Florence Nightingales regarding various aspects of HIV/AIDS and for removal of misconceptions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Rat-induced disruption of early pregnancy in mice and its prevention by the stud male.

Recently inseminated mice exhibited a high rate of pregnancy failure following exposure to male rats irrespective of whether they were housed in direct physical contact with the rat or not. Pregnancy disruption was also seen in mice which were housed on male rat-soiled bedding. By contrast, inseminated mice housed with female rats or on bedding soiled by female rats showed a significantly lower rate of pregnancy failure. The presence of the stud male prevented the pregnancy failure in mice induced by exposure to male rats or male rat-soiled bedding. This protective effect of the stud male on pregnancy in rat-exposed mice is analogous to the protective effect of the stud male on pregnancy in conspecific novel male-exposed mice and in mice subjected to nutritional stress. Hence the possibility that the protective effect of the stud male on pregnancy in male rat-exposed mice is due to the stimulation of luteotrophic activity by the stud male-originating olfactory cues cannot be ruled out. However, it is not clear whether the pregnancy failure in newly inseminated mice induced by exposure to rats is the result of a general stress or is mediated through rat-originating chemosignals acting interspecifically.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cyanoacrylate adhesive with conjunctival resection and superficial keratectomy in Mooren's ulcer.

Seventeen eyes of thirteen patients with Mooren's ulcer were treated with a combination therapy of local and systemic steroids, conjunctival resection, superficial keratectomy and application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. The pathology was classified as acute, subacute and chronic. Ulcers were graded based on the extent of corneal thinning, degree and extent of ulceration, and amount of inflammation. Fourteen eyes (82.4%) healed completely with formation of a vascularised scars, while three eyes (17.6%) failed to respond to treatment and either went into phthisis bulbi or healed with gross tissue distortion. Our study suggests an early intervention of this therapy with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive application for effective control of Mooren's ulceration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Overexpression of mouse p140 subunit of replication factor C accelerates cellular proliferation.

Screening of a murine cDNA expression library with an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), as a recognition site DNA probe, resulted in the isolation of a cDNA encoding a polypeptide of 1145 amino acids designated ISRE-binding factor-1. This was subsequently shown to be identical to the M(r) 140,000 subunit of replication factor C (RFC). RFC is required, along with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and DNA polymerase delta, for the synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication. RFC exhibits a structure-specific DNA-binding activity that has been localized to its M(r) 140,000 subunit (p140). Sequence-specific binding of this polypeptide to the ISRE occurs only with low affinity. Based on DNA-binding activity of the truncated RFC-p140 encoded by the partial cDNA isolated, the DNA-binding domain of this polypeptide was mapped to a region encoded by amino acids 366 to 540. Transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with an expression plasmid containing murine RFC-p140 driven by cytomegalovirus early promoter led to the establishment of stable cell lines that expressed a 2.5- to 3.0-fold higher RFC-p140 protein level in comparison with control cells. The stable clones exhibited significantly accelerated cell proliferation, indicating that RFC-p140 is the limiting subunit of an active RFC complex in normal cells.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1996

Control of Culex quinquefasciatus with Bacillus sphaericus in Vasco City, Goa.

In a locality (Sada) of Vasco City, Goa, India, that was highly infested with mosquitoes, weekly spraying of Bacillus sphaericus (strain 101, serotype H 5a 5b) at the rate of 1 g/m2 in polluted water habitats, viz, surface drains, cess pits, cess pools, and septic tanks, resulted in a sharp decline in the immature and adult populations of Culex quinquefasciatus. The per man-hour adult densities, percent habitat positivity, and immature densities were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the treated area compared to the control area through out the study period.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Abdominal aortic aneurysectomy after kidney transplantation: case report and review of the literature.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms have been a rare finding in patients who have previously undergone renal transplantation. Previous operative strategies attempting to provide renal allograft protection during aortic cross-clamping have included extra-anatomic permanent as well as temporary bypass, heparin bonded shunts, in situ perfusion cooling of the allograft, and general hypothermia. These maneuvers, although generally successful, have recently been challenged by reports describing no specific protective measures. A case of a 5.0 cm but rapidly expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient who had undergone a prior successful kidney transplant is presented along with a literature review of 27 available cases on the subject.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
PubMed1996

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XC) is a rare benign disease often confused with carcinoma gall bladder (CaGB). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiological and operative features of 81 patients with XC alone (73) or XC with associated CaGB (8). Patients with XC alone had no gender preponderance, had a mean age 48 years and mean duration of symptoms of 34 months. Most XC patients (75%) had clinical features of chronic cholecystitis. On the other hand, patients with both XC and CaGB had a female preponderance, a mean age of 60 years and mean duration of symptoms of 6 months. In this group, the USG and operative findings often supported the clinical impression/findings. Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a benign condition which is often confused with CaGB. Associated CaGB is however present in a few patients; elderly women with relatively shorter duration of symptoms, have a greater chance of associated CaGB.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Fibular head autograft. A salvage technique for severely comminuted lateral fractures of the tibial plateau: report of five cases.

Severely comminuted fractures of the lateral tibial plateau with central defects of the articular cartilage have traditionally been treated with iliac crest or patellar autograft, with varying success. Arthrodesis or arthroplasty for late deformity or instability are not suitable for young, active patients. The use of the fibular head as a replacement for the tibial plateau obtained excellent or good functional results in five patients with these difficult fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Human filariasis: infection rate as the uniform measurable criterion for filarial endemicity.

The endemicity classification based on filariasis infection rate is suggested. Based on the filariometric data collected from 60 villages in Orissa, areas are classified into low, high, hyper and holo endemic levels. Suggested endemicity levels are found to correlate very well with the filariometric indices. The mean mf rates were found to be 2.7, 6.8, 12.0, and 16.0, and disease rates 4.9, 10.2, 18.9 and 35.1 respectively at four endemicity levels. It is suggested that the proposed classification may uniformly be used in mapping areas for endemicity so as to help direct public health control interventions in a judicious manner.

Elephantiasis, Filarial↗
PubMed1996

Value of CT scan in the diagnosis of meningitis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic test characteristics of computed tomography (CT scan) in differentiating tuberculous (TBM) and pyogenic (PM) meningitis. DESIGN: Prospective diagnostic test evaluation. SETTING: Teaching hospital. METHODS: Children beyond 1 month of age admitted with meningitis were enrolled prospectively and CT scan done. Results of CT scan were compared with predefined gold standards for the diagnosis of either TBM or PM. RESULTS: CT scan was performed in 154 patients with meningitis. Of these 94 were TBM, 52 had PM and 8 were indeterminate and excluded from analysis. Basal enhancement, ventriculomegaly, tuberculoma and infarction were all significantly more common in the TBM group, while subdural collections were seen more in the PM group. The highest sensitivity (89.2%) and specificity (100%) for diagnosis of TBM were found for basal enhancement or tuberculoma or both. CONCLUSIONS: CT scan can be used to effectively distinguish TBM and PM.

Cerebral Infarction↗