Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Kukwa.
Authors described the technique of surgical treatment of the longstanding, irreversible peripheral facial palsy. Both neurography and myoplasty were combined. The most functionally effective detail in this method is the substitution of the hypoglossal nerve function with the descending branch of the cervical ansa.
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Authors described the scheme of the functional reconstruction of the face in patients with protracted, irreversible, peripheral facial palsy and the subsequent rehabilitation. A new, own method of treatment has been introduced considering anatomical and functional relations.
The authors describe various grades of middle ear malformations in 22 patients with developmental defects of the first and the second branchial arch. Middle ear malformations were divided into three groups, according to Altmann's classification, on the basis of physical examination, X-ray investigations and surgeon's opinion. The analysis of the material helps in the assessment of possible anatomical and physiological benefits of surgery in each group of malformations.
The effects of ketamine on the activities of the mylohyoid nerve (a branch of the Vth nerve) and of both phrenic nerves were investigated in rabbits anaesthetized with halothane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Intravenous administration of ketamine elicited a marked prolongation of the phrenic inspiratory discharge (without significantly affecting its amplitude) and a depression of the mylohyoid expiratory activity. An elimination of the volume-related input from the lungs ("no-inflation manoeuvre") or deflation elicited under these conditions typical apneustic pattern of breathing. The response to tracheal occlusion at peak-inspiration was "classical". We conclude that ketamine inhibits the Vth nerve motor nucleus which is not only an important component of the central inspiratory-inhibitory neurones but also a "relay station" between the vagal and the central inspiratory "off-switch" mechanisms.
Some profoundly deafened patients, who cannot be helped by sound amplification, claim to perceive auditory sensations when alternating currents up to 100 Hz are passed through electrodes applied to the skin of the external ear canal. A portable speech processor has been developed which supplies this current. The signal is a balanced square wave, the frequency of which is proportional to the first formant frequency. The amplitude is proportional to the intensity of voiced sounds. In order to fit the narrow frequency and dynamic range of the electrical stimulus, the speech processor produces a downward frequency transposition and strong limitation of the dynamic range. The device has been tested for (1) discrimination of environmental sounds; (2) question/statement discrimination; (3) identification of vowels and consonants in vowel/consonant/vowel context; (4) lip-reading with and without the prosthesis.
The authors described the clinical signs and consequences of suffocations during sleep apnea. They presented the results of the surgical intervention of nasal obstruction in patients with sleep apnea. The during-all-night examinations of these patients proved the possibility of positive effects of surgical intervention of nasal obstruction in patients with sleep apnea.
A detailed cephalometric analysis was conducted on lateral x-rays from 30 adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 12 age- and sex-matched controls. Statistical findings show that OSA patients are different from controls in at least five ways: 1. Their tongue and soft palate are significantly enlarged. 2. The hyoid bone is displaced inferiorly. 3. The mandible is normal in size and position (no micrognathia or malocclusion), but the face is elongated by an inferior displacement of the mandibular body. 4. The maxilla is retropositioned and the hard palate elongated. 5. The nasopharynx is normal, but the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway is reduced in area by an average of 25%, a factor that could produce or enhance OSA symptoms. These data suggest that cephalometric evaluation could be useful when used with head and neck examination, polysomnographic and endoscopic studies to evaluate OSA patients, and to assist with the planning/surgical treatment for improvement of upper airway patency.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.