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Biomedical subjects

A Krivitzky

Publications and source records attributed to A Krivitzky.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effects of aerosolized pentamidine on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in HIV-positive patients: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Intravenous pentamidine induces hypo- and hyperglycaemia (dose-dependent toxicity on islet beta cells), pancreatitis and nephrotoxicity. Conversely, aerosolized pentamidine (AP) is usually devoid of systemic side-effects: few reports of hypo- or hyperglycaemia have been published. Our study aimed to assess the influence on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion of long-term exposure to AP used for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-positive patients, and to compare the impact on insulin secretion of AP, whether administered for the first time or after prolonged monthly exposure. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional controlled study (main objective) and non-randomized prospective controlled study. PATIENTS: We compared glucose homeostasis and C peptide response to 1 mg intravenous glucagon in patients who had previously inhaled > or = 10 prophylactic aerosols (group 1, n = 21) and in HIV-positive controls (groups 2 and 3, n = 28) who had received none. Both groups were comparable for age and body-mass index, but CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and Karnofsky scores were both significantly higher in the control group. RESULTS: Fasting (T0) blood glucose, fructosamine and response to the first glucagon test were similar in both groups, but postprandial glucose, glycated haemoglobin and fasting C peptide were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the pentamidine group. A second glucagon test was performed on the same day, 3 h (T3) after AP inhalation in 35 patients (in 21 after > or = 10 aerosols, group 1; in 14 after the first, group 2) and in 14 HIV-positive controls (group 3). The only significant difference between the three groups in C peptide response to this second test was a lower peak T3/peak T0 ratio in group 1. Plasma amylase and creatinine were not altered by the aerosol. CONCLUSION: Long-term prophylactic exposure to AP had minor but significant effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion but did not modify pancreatic and renal function. The detrimental effects induced by long-term exposure to AP found in our study are probably not clinically relevant, but a more prolonged exposure to AP might conceivably induce more severe alterations.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

[Treatment of moderate hypertension: monotherapy or combination?].

The treatment of hypertension must fall within a strategy of the early and strict control of blood pressure levels. Only actual normalisation of blood pressure can offer long term benefit regarding the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While major studies undertaken up to now have already proven the benefit of treatment using classical drugs as monotherapy, it is now necessary to offer all young hypertension patients, even mild, with strict control of levels, a non-pharmacological action on risk factors, and a choice of treatments ensuring no loss of part of the prognostic benefit as a result of persistence or worsening or sub-clinical metabolic disorders. It seems logical, when first-line monotherapy is selected from among the five major drug groups recommended, is neither perfectly effective nor perfectly tolerated, and risks worsening a metabolic disorder in the long term, to use a combination of hypotensive drugs. This should enable blood pressure control in 80 to 90% of cases, and improved acceptability, a major factor in treatment compliance. It is reasonable to hope, in the long term, that the use of a combination of lower doses than as monotherapy, will ensure less interference with major metabolic, endocrine and vascular functions, leading to a further improvement in the prognosis of treated hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[Roles of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in early nephropathy].

The aim of this study was to assess and compare microalbuminuria (mu Alb mg/24 h +/- SD) in populations with hypertension and or diabetes mellitus leading to determine the effects of each pathology and their association in nephropathy. In hospital population studies were (mean +/- S.D.): (table; see text) No other pathology was found. Creatinine was in normal limits and macroproteinuria less than 1 g/24 h. Microalbuminuria was measured with laser immunonephelemetry. Glucose tolerance was assessed by fructosaminemia values (N less than or equal to 2.8 mmol/l). Student's test and linear regression test were used. There was no correlation between microalbuminuria and the other parameters: fructosamine, creatinine, age, in the 5 groups. Early nephropathy defined as a value of microalbuminuria between 30 and 300 mg/24 h was found in 23 p. 100 (H), mean 64.4 mg/24 h +/- 44, 37 p. 100 (D1), mean 127.7 +/- 149, 29 p. 100 (D2) mean 95.5 +/- 88, 47 p. 100 (D1H) mean 96.8 +/- 72, 39 p. 100 (D2H) mean 90 +/- 70. Microalbuminurias in diabetic populations were upper than in hypertensive (NS). Early nephropathy was most frequent when hypertension was associated with diabetes. Follow-up and treatment of hypertension in populations at high risk of vascular disease, as diabetics, will probably decrease the prevalence of early nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Cytomegalovirus and chronic fever in adults].

Three cases of CMV infection in normal adults are described. The clinical course was benign but with a long period of fever (average 4 weeks), hepatic and immunologic abnormalities (hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, monoclonal gammopathy). The clinical and biological features of CMV infection in these patients are compared with those of other recently reported series.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Multiple hypersecreting lesions of the parathyroid glands during treatment with lithium].

A 64 year old woman had been on lithium carbonate for 12 years for manico-depressive psychosis. Mild asthenia leads to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism based on the findings of hypercalcemia up to 2.85 mmol/l inappropriate levels of parathormone and a non-suppressive rise of nephrogenic cyclic AMP. These symptoms were not relieved by removal of a chief cell adenoma of the left inferior parathyroid; surgical reexploration leads to the removal of an adenoma in a high, ectopic situation. Further venous samplings were collected during cervico mediastinal phlebography because of persistent hypercalcemia: parathormone levels were high in a thymic vein and a new cervicotomy revealed a fifth gland with an adenoma in the high mediastinum. After removal of the third adenoma, the patient became hypocalcemic. Lithium was not discontinued according to the patient's wishes. Eighteen months later she was well and normocalcemic on alfacalcidol therapy. Multiple adenomas of the parathyroids are rare (1.7 p. 100 to 5 p. 100) and the recurrence of an adenoma on a supernumerary gland is exceptional. Eighteen clinical cases of primary hyperparathyroidism under lithium therapy have been reported, but mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia with inappropriate increased parathormone levels seems to be more common. Duration of treatment is very variable: 1 day to 12 years, and serum calcium levels or up to 3.9 mmol have been observed. Ten patients underwent cervicotomy with removal of an adenoma 6 of them remaining under treatment, with 2 recurrences in our case. Five of the 8 non-operated patients remained on lithium therapy and showed mild hypercalcemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnostic value of the determination of nephrogenic cyclic AMP, and the value of cervical echography for localization in primary hyperparathyroidism. 13 cases].

The authors report the cases of 13 patients with parathyroid adenomas and hyperparathyroidism. They estimate that this disease may be observed in about 70/100,000 patients hospitalised in a non-specialised medical department. In four of these patients, the disease was asymptomatic while only four patients presented with symptomatic renal stones. In five patients, immuno reactive parathyroid hormone levels were within normal limits. In contrast, nephrogenic cyclic AMP, measured in 11 patients, was found to be increased in the totality of these patients and could not be decreased by the administration of calcium. An ultrasonographic examination of the neck, performed in 11 patients, showed the adenomas in 6 patients; in three other patients they were located in the neck but measured less than 1 cm in their greater diameter and in other two patients the adenomas were located in the thymus.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

[Malignant lymphoma initially of the buttocks: possible role of repeated intramuscular injections].

The authors report the case of a patient who received intramuscular injections of bismuth and penicilline for three consecutive years. Twenty-five years later, a lymphoma of the right buttock developed. The tumor was treated with radiotherapy and remained localized for two years. It then diffused to lungs, maxilla and skin. The occurrence of a lymphoma in muscles is thought to be exceptionnal. It has been suggested that lymphomas may develop at the site of silicone injections or of protracted infections. Fibrosarcomas have been reported after intramuscular injections of iron. The observations may suggest that the muscular lymphoma observed in our patient may have been related to the injections of bismuth performed twenty-five years earlier.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Hyperthyroidism].

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Graves Disease↗