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Biomedical subjects

A Kozlovsky

Publications and source records attributed to A Kozlovsky.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Inhibition of plaque formation and gingivitis in beagle dogs by topical use of a degradable controlled-release system containing chlorhexidine.

The in vivo efficacy of a newly-developed dental application of a film-forming, chlorhexidine-containing system was examined in beagle dogs. A self-disintegrating film-forming solution was applied three times weekly to the dentitions of 7 out of 13 dogs, which were fed a soft-food diet. Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) and gingival inflammation (Gingival Index) were recorded at one, two, four, six, and eight weeks. The local delivery of low-dose chlorhexidine to dogs significantly inhibited gingivitis and plaque formation. It is concluded that the dental application of a film-forming system may be a preferable method of periodontal disease prophylaxis, and may enhance supragingival plaque control in areas of isolated periodontal problems associated with obvious local predisposing factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Wedges in restorative dentistry: principles and applications.

Overhanging margins of proximal restorations are a well-known, iatrogenic cause of periodontal pathology. The high incidence of such findings in Western societies should arose the concern of the dental community. However, overhanging margins represent only part of the iatrogenic problem created by the misuse of wedges in restorative procedures. Other causes include incorrect proximal contouring, inadequate contact points and under- or overfilling the restorative material. The understanding of the variables associated with wedge selection and positioning has a major role to play in the prevention of iatrogenic periodontal pathology associated with restorative procedures. It is concluded that: (i) the occlusion of the matrix band to the remaining healthy tooth structure of the gingival cavosurface line angle should be achieved solely by the correct application of the wedges; (ii) the effect of the wedges on the proximal contour and contact area should be carefully re-evaluated prior to insertion of the restorative material; (iii) various sizes and shapes of wedges and a sharp knife for carving must be readily available.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1991

Healing of sites within the dog periodontal ligament after application of cold to the periodontal attachment apparatus.

The potential of periodontal ligament-derived tissues to regenerate periodontal attachment after cryosurgical trauma to the PDL in dogs was evaluated. The buccal alveolar plate of each canine tooth was exposed by a semi-lunar excision. A 3 mm thick cryoprobe, cooled to -81 degrees C, was placed on the bone 5 mm apical to the crest for 10 s. This induced cellular devitalization in the bone directly in contact with the probe and the PDL under it. The freezing-thawing cycle was repeated 3 times. Control sites were sham-operated at room temperature. Histologic sections from the center of the lesions were obtained from 1 h, 48 h and 30 d specimens. 1-h control and experimental histologic sections were similar. At 48 h post-surgery, the cellular component of the frozen PDL could not be identified and inflammatory response was minimal. The collagenous framework, however, appeared to form a continuum between the alveolar bone and cementum. Lacunae in the bone at the frozen segment were empty. The injured PDL was surrounded by normal PDL. Control specimens appeared normal. At 30 d, the PDL space in the frozen segments was populated by PDL-like tissue which did not differ significantly from the PDL coronal or apical to it. Collagen fibers appeared to be attached to the cementum on one side and to the alveolar bone on the other. Bone resorption or ankylosis was not observed in the experimental sites. It is suggested that the extracellular matrix in the devitalized area was preserved, supporting regeneration of the cryolesion.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1991

The "chewing wheel" device: plaque-removing efficiency and use in oral hygiene programs.

Control of bacterial plaque on tooth surfaces is the most important method of controlling dental disease. The patient's ability to achieve good plaque control is of utmost importance in preventing the occurrence of periodontal disease and in maintaining periodontal health. The search for better methods that enable easier and more effective plaque control has led to the development of the "chewing wheel." A clinical trial was conducted to compare the plaque-removing efficiency of the chewing wheel to that of a manual toothbrush. The tested device removed 18% to 37% of the accumulated dental deposits. In spite of its limited efficiency, the wheel can be used as part of an oral hygiene program for individuals with perceptomotor dysfunctions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Scanning electron microscope evaluation of wear of stainless steel and high carbon steel curettes.

Root planing depends on quality instrument cutting edges. The sharpness and wear of stainless steel (SS) and high carbon steel (HCS) dental curettes were compared before and after standardized root planing procedures. Forty working edges of dental curettes, 20 of each alloy, were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) prior to any root planing (control), after 15 strokes, and after 45 strokes. Root planing was carried out on freshly extracted, single-rooted teeth, mounted in natural positions in mannikin jaws. Working areas measuring 3 x 5 mm were marked on root surfaces previously exposed by periodontitis. Each working edge was examined at points 1 mm and 2 mm from the tip under the same magnification (x 240). Microscopic observations showed that edge deformation increased from the control (factory sharpened) group, to the "15 stroke" group, and from the "15" to the "45 stroke" group, in both SS and HCS curettes. SS curettes, however, demonstrated significantly more wear than HCS curettes. After 45 strokes, only 5% of the SS curettes were sharp, compared to 20% of the HCS curettes. While 65% of the SS curettes showed severe edge deformation by the end of the study, only 20% of the HCS curettes were severely deformed (P less than 0.01). The results indicate that HCS curettes are more resistant to wear than SS curettes. Further study is indicated to evaluate the relationship between actual bevel dimensions and root planing effectiveness.

Alloys↗
PubMed1988

Forced eruption combined with gingival fiberotomy. A technique for clinical crown lengthening.

A new approach to clinical crown lengthening has been developed and described. The technique combines controlled eruptive tooth movement and incision of the supracrestal gingival attachment. The procedure was performed in patients with severe destruction of a tooth crown and in whom clinical crown lengthening procedures were essential before the teeth could be properly restored. Controlled eruptive forces were activated by simple orthodontic appliances. During the active phase of forced eruption, repeated intrasulcular incisions through the junctional epithelium and the supracrestal connective tissue attachment were performed. The technique prevented coronal displacement of the gingiva and the attachment apparatus during the orthodontic extrusion, thus overcoming the need for corrective osseous surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Facial radicular groove in a maxillary central incisor. A case report.

A facial radicular groove may occur in central maxillary incisors and act as a funnel for accumulating plaque and calculus. Since it is inaccessible to routine oral hygiene efforts of the patient and to treatment manipulations of the dentist, this anomaly predisposes the tooth to localized periodontal disease. Conservative or surgical treatment of such teeth should restore periodontal health by creating an environment more favorable for plaque control.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cell surface hydrophobicity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4.

Oral bacteria colonize the dento-gingival tissues in a selective manner. Hydrophobic reactions have been suggested as one of the major mechanisms of adhesion. Hydrophobicity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (Aa) cells was studied in vitro using adherence to the liquid hydrocarbon, octane. Adherence of Aa cells to octane varied from 60-90%, depending on the medium in which they were grown, age of the culture and the buffer in which the assay was carried out. These data suggest that Aa is a hydrophobic bacterium, the hydrophobicity of which is expressed to a varying degree, and may have a rôle in its adherence to oral tissues.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1987

Cryosurgical depigmentation of the gingiva. A case report.

Gingival melanin pigmentation (GMP) occurs in all races of man. Although clinical melanin pigmentation does not present a medical problem, demand for cosmetic therapy is commonly made by fair-skinned people with moderate GMP. The present study was undertaken to test the effectiveness of cryosurgical destruction of the gingival epithelium in the removal of gingival melanin pigmentation. The patient was a fair-skinned Ashkenazi Jew with moderate GMP who demanded any possible "cosmetic therapy" which would convert her "black gums" to "normal". Gingival cryosurgery was carried out by segments. A gas expansion cryoprobe cooled to -81 degrees C was applied to the gingiva for 10 s. Frozen sites thawed spontaneously within 1 min. Superficial necrosis became apparent within a week. Treated sites were covered by epithelium within 2 weeks following freezing and keratinization was completed after 3-4 weeks. The treated gingiva appeared normal and remained depigmented until the present time, 20 months following freezing. It is concluded that cryosurgery may prove to be the treatment of choice when gingival depigmentation is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The complaint of oral malodor: possible psychopathological aspects.

Oral malodor (halitosis) is a common concern in Western society. As with other human perceptions, emotional as well as cognitive variables play a major role in one's sensation and complaint. To study factors potentially associated with the complaint of oral malodor, periodontal and psychological evaluations were carried out on 38 subjects (66% female, mean age 43 years) with a complaint of oral malodor. Subjects underwent evaluation of their periodontal status, odor evaluation by an odor judge, and psychopathological symptom survey by means of the SCL-90 questionnaire. The patient's self-rating of oral odor was significantly higher than the evaluation of an objective odor judge and was not associated with their periodontal status. The SCL-90 profile of subjects was relatively higher than that of an age- and gender-matched reference group of dental patients. The results suggest that the complaint of oral malodor may be related to psychopathological symptoms as recorded by the SCL-90 questionnaire.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous early exposure of submerged endosseous implants resulting in crestal bone loss: a clinical evaluation between stage I and stage II surgery.

Spontaneous early exposure of submerged implants during the osseointegration healing phase may be a harmful factor that results in early crestal bone loss around the implants. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of spontaneous early exposure on crestal bone loss around submerged implants, with special attention given to the relationship between the degree of exposure and the amount of peri-implant bone loss. Crestal bone level relative to the shoulder of the implant was measured at the time of placement and at the time of exposure 4 to 5 months later. During the period between stage I and stage II surgery, implant sites were observed, and each implant site in which spontaneous early exposure was detected was recorded. Perforations were classified according to the degree of implant exposure from Class 0 (no perforation) to Class IV (complete exposure). Measurements from 206 implants in 64 patients produced 85 groups valid for statistical comparison; each of these contained at least 2 lesions of different types. There was a statistically significant difference between bone loss associated with intact mucosa (Class 0) and Class I, Class II, and Class III lesions, and between Class I and II lesions. There were no significant differences between Class I and III and between Class II and III. In Class II and III lesions, there was more bone loss associated with the buccal aspect of the implants. Of the 115 perforated sites, 10 were associated with bone loss exceeding 2 mm, 2 presented 3 to 4 mm bone loss, 1 showed more than 4 mm, and 1 displayed more than 5 mm. In view of the clinical implications that spontaneous early exposure may have on the success of osseointegration, prematurely partially exposed implants should be exposed as soon as possible after the perforation is observed.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Agranulocytosis--periodontal manifestations and treatment of the acute phase: a case report.

A case report of oral and periodontal manifestation of agranulocytosis in a 12-year-old girl is presented. The agranulocytic state may have been caused by chronic brucellosis since childhood. On admission to the hospital, the acute oral symptoms were treated in order to enable the child to eat and perform standard oral hygiene measures. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% was irrigated daily under pressure for supra- and subgingival plaque control. Resolution of inflammation was achieved without increase in white blood count and thus can be attributed to the control of the local etiologic factor, i.e., plaque.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of the air-powder abrasive device on the tooth and periodontium: an overview.

The characteristics of the air-powder abrasive device (APAD) was reviewed from the current dental literature and found to be an excellent alternative to traditional methods for stain and plaque removal. Access to crowded teeth, grooves and involved furcation areas are easily obtainable with less operator fatigue. The APAD slurry produces different root surface abrasiveness, depending on the method of use. Extended maintenance periods of exposed root surface using the APAD can result in an enormous loss of root structure. To avoid permanent damage of the root, the device should be used with overlapping strokes and root exposure to the APAD slurry should be minimized. The device can be used for total cementum removal with less operator fatigue and more reproducibility than with hand instruments, leaving smooth and clean surfaces. In addition, the device may be a valuable tool in the detoxification of root surfaces during periodontal surgery.

Dental Plaque↗