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Biomedical subjects

A Konno

Publications and source records attributed to A Konno.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Serum level of soluble ICAM-1 in subjects with nasal allergy and ICAM-1 mRNA expression in nasal mucosa].

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been reported to be instrumental in airway eosinophils and airway hyperreactivity. In nasal mucosa, ICAM-1 molecule is observed on the endothelium, around the nasal gland and just below the epithelium. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of ICAM-1 in nasal mucosa and the serum level of soluble ICAM-1. In subjects with nasal allergy sensitized with house dust, a pair of house dust antigen discs were placed on the inferior nasal mucosa on one side, while control discs free of antigen were placed on the other side. After six hours, the inferior nasal mucosa were bilaterally obtained separately. By Southern blot analysis following a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we detected ICAM-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nasal mucosa. Although the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA was already observed in the nasal mucosa without antigen challenge, it increased six hours after the challenge. The serum level of immunoreactive soluble ICAM-1 in the subjects with nasal allergy and normal subjects was evaluated by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum level of soluble ICAM-1 in the subjects with nasal allergy was 380.7 +/- 105.2 ng/ml. It was significantly higher than that of the normal control, which was 278.6 +/- 64.6 ng/ml. These results suggested that the increased expression of ICAM-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of nasal allergy by facilitating the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and their functional activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of factors aggravating and delaying recovery from postoperative hypercoagulable state in patients operated on for esophageal cancer].

When a living body is invaded to a high degree, a hypercoagulable state develops. The radical operation for esophageal cancer is known as a very high risk operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate in detail the postoperative changes in platelet, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, in 34 patients operated on for esophageal cancer, and to clarify the factors contributing to both the aggravation and delay of recovery from the postoperative hypercoagulable state. Operating time and blood loss during surgery were factors aggravating the postoperative hypercoagulable state. The mechanism of coagulation progressed significantly in those patients requiring 500 minutes or more operating time and having a blood loss of 600 ml or more during surgery. Age was seen as an important factor delaying recovery, as the recovery of the coagulative parameters was delayed significantly in patients aged 70 or above. Hepatic function was the most important of post operative organ functions. Renal, cardiac and respiratory functions were unrelated to the postoperative hypercoagulable state.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1993

Hepatic inflammatory lesions manifested as a pseudotumor. Report of two cases with different characteristics.

We report two surgical cases of inflammatory conditions of the liver that, on imaging studies, closely resembled a neoplasm. Under the diagnoses of hepatic malignant neoplasms, both patients underwent hepatic resections. Histologically, one case was found to be a hepatic xanthogranuloma (an inflammatory pseudotumor) that consisted of foamy histiocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts, while the other case was found to be an epithelioid cell granuloma with a central area of coagulative necrosis. Although their exact pathogenesis remained obscure, cholangitis in the former case and tuberculosis in the latter were assumed to be possible causal factors. Special attention should be paid to these unusual conditions in terms of the differential diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The effect of recombinant human interleukin-5 on eosinophil accumulation and degranulation in human nasal mucosa.

Recombinant human interleukin-5 (rhIL-5) was administered repeatedly onto the nasal mucosa of individuals with Japanese cedar pollinosis outside the pollen season. The numbers of eosinophils and epithelial cells and the amount of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), secretory IgA (S-IgA), and IgA in the nasal lavage fluid increased significantly after the application of rhIL-5. Responsiveness to histamine was also enhanced after the application. When S-IgA was administered onto the nasal mucosa after application of rhIL-5, the amount of ECP in the nasal lavage fluid was significantly more increased. The above findings together with the facts that IL-5 promotes production of IgA, that IgA receptors are present on eosinophils, and that rhIL-5 does not increase release of ECP from eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood suggest that a series of possible reactions consisting of (1) IL-5--induced production of IgA from the immune-mediating cells, (2) binding of secretory components released from either serous glandular cells or epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa with IgA, (3) release of ECP from eosinophils induced by S-IgA and/or IgA, (4) epithelial damage to the nasal mucosa, and (5) development of nasal hyperreactivity to histamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of neuropeptides in rat pterygopalatine ganglion: light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies.

The distribution and quantity of neuropeptides in the rat pterygopalatine ganglion were studied by using complete serial paraffin sections of the ganglion immunostained with antiserum against several neuropeptides. The pterygopalatine ganglion, composed of 4932 +/- 291 (mean +/- SD) neurons, was triangular in shape with a tapering caudal tail. The most commonly found peptide in neurons was vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (99.0%), followed by neuropeptide Y (NPY) (54.1%) and enkephalin (10.5%). The rostro-ventromedial and caudal parts of the ganglion where intensely VIP-immunoreactive neurons predominate project to the nasal mucosa, while the rostro-dorsolateral part of the ganglion where NPY-immunoreactive neurons predominate projects to the Harderian gland. The coexistence of VIP/NPY (47.4%), VIP/NPY/enkephalin (6.6%) or VIP/enkephalin (3.9%) in the ganglionic neurons was recognized. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P-immunoreactive varicosities formed synaptic contacts with the somatic spine or soma, which confirmed that the reflex arch, composed of axon collaterals of trigeminal ganglionic neurons and parasympathetic ganglionic neurons, operates through direct synapses. Enkephalin-immunoreactive varicosities, which were probably derived from parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, also made synaptic contact with the somatic spine.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[TNM classification system in cancer of the submandibular gland--a comprehensive retrospective study of 271 primary cases].

UNLABELLED: A total of 271 patients with submandibular gland cancer, treated in 149 hospitals in Japan in the period from 1958 to 1991, were retrospectively studied with regard to age, sex, TNM classification (UICC 1987, Geneva), histological diagnosis, therapeutic method and prognosis. The results were the following: 1. 157 males and 114 females 2. Stage I: 52 cases (19%); stage II: 64 cases (24%); stage III: 52 cases (19%) and stage IV: 103 cases (38%). 3. T1: 29 cases (11%); T2:116 cases (43%); T3: 93 cases (30%) and T4: 43 cases (16%). 4. Cervical lymph node involvement: 40%, ranging 25% in adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell tumor, to 62% in undifferentiated carcinoma. 5. Distant metastasis: 11% 6. HISTOLOGY: adenoid cystic carcinoma 37%, adenocarcinoma 20%, mucoepidermoid tumor 16%, carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma 10%, epidermoid carcinoma 10%, undifferentiated carcinoma 3%, acinic cell tumor 3%. 7. Treatment method: Surgical procedure alone; 51%, Combination of surgery and postoperative radiation; 18%. 8. 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 36% and 11%, respectively. 9. 5-year and 10-year survival rates varied according to the stages, being 76% and 38%, respectively, for stage I, 68% and 20%, respectively, for stage II, 15% and 10%, respectively, for stage III, and 14% and 4%, respectively for stage IV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A contralateral external carotid-middle cerebral artery bypass operation--a new procedure of vascular reconstruction in the treatment of head and neck carcinoma requiring carotid resection].

In the treatment of head and neck carcinoma involving the carotid artery, resection of the carotid artery and direct reconstruction using a vein graft has commonly been employed to reduce the incidence of cerebral ischemic complications. But the procedure of carotid grafting itself carries the risk of preventing complete tumor clearance. And contamination due to salivary fistula, particularly in cases of meso or hypopharyngeal carcinoma, may result in graft rupture or thrombosis. To overcome these difficulties, the authors have developed a new surgical procedure, namely, a contralateral external carotid-middle cerebral artery bypass operation. This bypass system is designed at directly supplying the cerebral hemisphere on the carotid ligation side through a vein graft running entirely outside the cervical operative field. The vein graft is anastomosed end-to side to the external carotid artery of the opposite side. Then it is placed subcutaneously in front of the auricle, above the zygomatic arch, frontal subgaleal space and anastomosed end-to-side to the recipient artery, the ascending branch of the middle cerebral artery, in the Broca area of the carotid ligation side. The neck is incised almost the same manner as in parotidectomy, with a slightly longer cervical extension, and the scalp by bilateral coronal incision of Sutta. A frontotemporal osteoplastic craniotomy of the involved side is performed. The length of the saphenous vein used is about 50cm. This surgical procedure requires no transient internal or external shunt. The common carotid artery can be ligated safely after confirming good post-anastomotic bypass flow using an electro-magnetic blood flow meter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Production of a monoclonal antibody strongly reacting with immature thymic T lymphocytes and its immunohistological application.

A monoclonal antibody Th-5 has been produced against mouse immature thymic lymphocytes and employed to study the process of T cell differentiation in the thymus. Immunohistologically, Th-5 positive thymic T lymphocytes were first found at Day 12 of gestation. They increased in number as well as staining intensity until Day 18 of gestation and decreased thereafter. Th-5 antigen expression was not seen in lymphoid cells in the fetal liver. In the newborn thymus, lymphocytes in the subcapsular layer were still strongly positive, while other cortical lymphocytes became moderately positive for Th-5. Th-5 positiveness was more pronounced in the medulla than in the cortex in the thymus of young adult mice. The staining pattern of Th-5 in the thymus was apparently different from those with other T cell markers (Thy-1, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8) including J11d, Pgp-1, IL-2R, and 3A10 (TCR gamma delta). Flow cytometric analyses showed that the expression of Th-5 was mostly associated with the Thy-1 antigen. However, the fluorescent intensity of Th-5 gradually declined with ontogenic development of the thymus, and the molecular size of the antigen was approximately 100 kDa, which is different from Thy-1 antigen (25-30 kDa). Considering these findings, the strong expression of Th-5 could be one of the markers of immature thymic T lymphocytes in the early phase of the ontogenic development.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Natural killer target molecules associated with the transformation of the oncogene-transfected fibroblast.

Cell surface antigens, the expression of which is highly enhanced along with the transformation of cells, were analyzed. W14 and W31, EJ-ras oncogene-induced transformants of a WKA rat fetus-derived fibroblast WFB, strongly expressed several transformation-associated antigens as defined by monoclonal antibodies 109, 061, and 081. These monoclonal antibodies recognized Mr 86,000, 62,000, and 101,000 molecules, each composed of a single polypeptide chain. The expression of these transformation-associated antigens was negligible on parental WFB cells. Transforming growth factor-beta could enhance the expression of all of these transformation-associated antigens, but platelet-derived growth factor could only enhance the Mr 86,000 kd molecule expression. In the cytotoxicity assays, poly-I:C-induced rat splenic NK cells were cytotoxic to W14 and W31, but not to WFB. The data also showed that the cytotoxicity by these NK cells against NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells was absorbed with the addition of W14, W31, platelet-derived growth factor, or transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated WFB cells. This indicates that NK cells may recognize common target antigens that are expressed among these target cells. It was also indicated that Mr 86,000 and 62,000 molecules were strongly involved in this cytotoxicity, possibly as the target antigens, since F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies 109 and 061 strongly inhibited the cytotoxicity. The addition of monoclonal antibody 109, but not 061, inhibited the cytotoxicity even at 60 min after mixing with the effector and target cells, suggesting that the Mr 86,000 molecule may participate in the lethal hit phase of cytotoxicity by NK cells. These data may indicate that some, but not all, transformation-associated antigens are virtually important in the antitumor surveillance mechanisms by the host effector cells, such as NK cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dietary restriction reduces the incidence of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in mice: close correlation with its potentiating effect on host T cell functions.

All mice treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) suffered with tumor 114 days after treatment. However, 40% dietary restriction caused a great inhibition of tumor incidence. In order to understand the mechanisms by which dietary restriction decreased the occurrence of tumor in mice, we investigated the correlation between tumor incidence and host T cell immune responses. At 114 days after MC administration, the mice were sacrificed and their T cell immune responses were assessed. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that dietary restriction caused a marked increase of the proportion of Thy 1.2+, L3T4+ T cells in MC-treated diet-restricted mice. Consistent with this result, T cell responses against concanavalin A and interleukin-2 were also potentiated in spleen cells obtained from MC-treated diet-restricted mice, while spleen cells obtained from MC-treated unrestricted mice showed decreased T cell responses because of their tumor burden. Such potentiation of T cell functions by dietary restriction was also observed at earlier stages of MC-induced tumorigenesis. During the course of carcinogenesis, spleen cells obtained from diet-restricted mice showed decreased natural killer activity in vivo. However, in vitro induction of cytotoxic T cells was markedly augmented in MC-treated diet-restricted mice compared with unrestricted mice. These results strongly suggest that the increase of host T cell immune responses might be one of the major causes for the reduction of tumor occurrence by dietary restriction.

Animals↗