Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Konno

Publications and source records attributed to A Konno.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effect of dietary restriction on mouse T cell functions.

Forty percent dietary restriction on 9-weeks-old C3H/He mice caused decrease of the weight of central lymphoid organs in parallel with the reduction of body weight. However, the percentage of splenic T cells was dramatically increased in diet-restricted mouse spleen cells. Generally, normal mouse spleen cells contained about 30% of Thy 1.2+ T cells, but the restricted mouse spleen cells contained 80% Thy 1.2+ T cells. Ly 1+, L3T4+ T cells, but not Ly 2+ T cells, also increased in diet-restricted mouse compared with the unrestricted mice. In parallel with the dramatic changes of splenic T cells, spleen cells obtained from diet-restricted mice showed higher immunological responses against alloantigen and interleukin 2. It was also demonstrated than nylon-passed splenic T cells obtained from diet-restricted mice showed higher levels of T cell responses against r-IL-2 and alloantigen, indicating that dietary restriction modulates T cell functions themselves.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with variable sarcomatous transformation.

An adult case of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with variable sarcomatous changes is presented. Histologically, the tumor was composed of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and sarcomatous portions, including spindle-shaped, pleomorphic, and osteoplastic varieties. There was a transitional cell form between the carcinoma and sarcomatous cells. These tumor elements showed both independent and concurrent metastases. Immunohistochemical examination for keratin revealed positive staining in the tumor cells except for osteoplastic immature cells, whereas vimentin had positive results only in some sarcomatous cells. On the basis of these findings, the possibility of sarcomatous transformation of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma was discussed.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1988

The expression of tumor rejection antigen on rat fetus fibroblasts transformed by the ras oncogene.

The expression of tumor rejection antigens (TRA) was analyzed on clones of rat fetus-derived fibroblasts, WFB, transformed or transfected by oncogenes. It was shown that a tumorigenic W14 clone, which is an activated H-ras transformant of parental WFB, expressed TRA in transplantation experiments using syngeneic WKA rats. The data also showed that W14 TRA was acquired in the event of cell transformation, since it was not detected on parental non-transformed WFB cells or Wmyc-4 clone which is a transfectant of WFB by mouse plasmacytoma-derived c-myc DNA. However, TRA was not expressed or at least was not detected on highly tumorigenic W31, another clone of H-ras transformants of parental WFB, in the transplantation experiments. We also assessed the level of expression of major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) class I molecules on these cells by using R4-8B1 Mab that reacts specifically with rat class I antigen. The data indicated that it was decreased on W14, W31, and Wmyc-4, but not on parental WFB. Although this molecule was weakly positive on W14 cells, W31 and Wmyc-4 showed even greater decreases. These data may indicate that the TRA expression and its recognition by syngeneic hosts are dependent upon the transformed clones, although their parental cell is the same. We discuss in detail this difference of expression and recognition of TRA in the context of the cell transforming process.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of long-term use of reserpine, a sympathetic neuron blocker, on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the guinea pig nasal mucosa.

To evaluate whether hypofunction of the sympathetic nervous system induced by long-term reserpine treatment affects the parasympathetic system in the nasal mucosa in the receptor level, a receptor binding assay was performed using the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs which had chemical denervation produced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg/body reserpine once daily for 4 weeks. The maximum number of muscarinic cholinergic receptor bindings to diquinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) in the nasal mucosa of the reserpine-treated guinea pigs was increased by 46% as compared with that in the control (p less than 0.05). The present experiment shows that hypofunction of the sympathetic system in the nasal mucosa induced by reserpine may affect the parasympathetic system in the nasal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Obstructive sleep dyspnea. Diagnosis and treatment.

Polysomnography was performed on obstructive sleep dyspnea patients before and after treatment. Based on the value of intraesophageal pressure, the grade of respiratory disturbance was classified in 4 groups; normal, slightly obstructed, moderately obstructed and highly obstructed. In general, as the grade advanced, more parameters showed abnormality, Transnasal continuous positive pressure (CPAP) was a useful diagnostic method to evaluate the severity of obstruction. During the past 7 years, polysomnography has been performed on 50 children and 62 adults who complained of sleep dyspnea. Only highly obstructed cases underwent surgery; intranasal corrective surgeries, adenotonsillectomy, sinusectomy, UPPP and any combination of these. Most of them had more than one cause. After surgery, all of them were satisfied, except for a few whose snores were not so loud even when we tested before surgery. Postoperative survey by inquiry sheets demonstrated that recovery of sound sleep and enough rest resulted in refreshing and active lives during daytime.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The role of chemical mediators and mucosal hyperreactivity in nasal hypersecretion in nasal allergy.

This study was designed to elucidate, first, the degree of participation of direct effects of histamine on the nasal glands and the nasal vasculature in clinical manifestation of hyperrhinorrhea in nasal allergy and, second, the existence of hyperreactivity of the nasal glands to acetylcholine in nasal allergy. The study demonstrates that histamine released by degranulation of basophilic cells in the nasal mucosa causes nasal hypersecretion mostly by way of the reflexive pathway. Approximately 4% of the amount of nasal secretion induced by an antigen challenge in subjects with house-dust nasal allergy was due to a leakage of plasma. There were almost no direct effects of histamine on the nasal glands. Nasal secretion induced by nasal challenge with acetylcholine after vidian neurectomy comes from the nasal glands by its direct effects on the nasal glands, the amount of which indicates degree of reactivity of the nasal glands to acetylcholine independent of hypersensitivity of the mucosal sensory system. The nasal glands of vidian neurectomized subjects having nasal allergy reacted more excessively to extrinsic acetylcholine than nasal glands of subjects of the control group. This verifies the existence of hyperreactivity in the nasal glands to acetylcholine in nasal allergy. The nasal glands of nasal allergy patients may respond more excessively to a given amount of acetylcholine released from parasympathetic terminals.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Changes of adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in nasal mucosa in nasal allergy.

Receptor-binding assays were performed to evaluate the changes of beta- and alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in the nasal mucosa of subjects with nasal allergy and in guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin using radioligands 3H-DHA, 3H-prazosin and 3H-QNB, respectively. In subjects with nasal allergy, a decrease in density of beta- and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and an increase in density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors were observed. An increase in density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors could be reproduced in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs which were sensitized with ovalbumin and had typical hyperreactive nasal symptoms. These results indicate that the increase in the density of muscarinic receptors observed in the nasal mucosa of subjects with nasal allergy has been induced secondarily by an allergic reaction in the nasal mucosa with hyperreactive nasal symptoms, which in turn acts as an aggravating factor in the vicious circle promoting hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Responses of resistance and capacitance vessels in human nasal mucosa to beta-receptor agonists.

To investigate the responses of nasal vessels, divided into resistance and capacitance vessels, to a beta-receptor agonist in human, mucosal blood flow of the inferior turbinate and nasal airway resistance were measured when 1.5 mg terbutaline was applied topically. Mucosal blood flow was measured by the hydrogen clearance method just beneath the site where terbutaline in physiological saline (0.02 ml) was applied on an extremely localized area of the nasal mucosa. Nasal airway resistance of the ipsilateral and contralateral nasal cavities was measured separately by anterior rhinomanometry when terbutaline in normal saline (0.1 ml) was sprayed in the unilateral nasal cavity. Topical application of terbutaline elicited neither a significant increase of mucosal blood flow of the inferior turbinate nor an increase of nasal airway resistance. beta-Receptors seem not to be as densely distributed both in the resistance vessels and in the capacitance vessels as to cause vasodilatation by their activation in the nasal mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Multidisciplinary treatment of maxillary cancer].

Cases of maxillary cancer treated at our institute can be divided into two groups. In the first group (1971-1982, N = 85), we treated maxillary cancer by preoperative intraarterial infusion of 5-FU and Linac X-ray irradiation (60 Gy/6 weeks), followed by maxillectomy. In the second group (1982-1986, N = 32), we further combined intraarterial or intravenous chemotherapy using CDDP preoperatively or postoperatively depending upon the stage of the cancer. Five-year survival rate was 64.7% in the first group and 73.9% in the second. In the first group, the most frequent cause of death was distant metastasis without local recurrence. In the second group, the histopathological effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was improved with a reduced frequency of distant metastasis and it has now become possible to have 5-year survivors from among N2 and M1 cases. Judging from the histopathological effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it seems possible to treat T2 and some T3 cases of maxillary cancer without performing maxillectomy. However, in T4 and most of T3 cases in which early recurrence is difficult to detect, it seems safer to combine total maxillectomy primarily.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Chondrosarcoma arising in the nasal septum: a case report.

A rare case of chondrosarcoma arising in the nasal septum, which appeared in an eighty-year-old female, was reported. The tumor extended bilaterally in the nasal cavity and to the skull base. Radiation therapy was performed for the patient, considering of her age. Histological findings including electron micrograph were shown, and pertinent literatures were reviewed to discuss clinicopathological features of the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Arterial chemoembolization with cisplatin microcapsules.

Cisplatin (CDDP) was microcapsulated with ethylcellulose. Sustained release of CDDP from the microcapsule, particularly non-protein-bound CDDP, which should have antitumour activity, was demonstrated by an in vitro test. Using a bioassay, it was proven that the biological activity of CDDP was not affected by the microencapsulation process. When CDDP-mc were infused into the maxillary artery of patients with carcinoma of the maxillary sinus or oral cavity, the CDDP level in the circulating blood was significantly lower than that of the patients given non-encapsulated CDDP intravenously. However, a significantly higher CDDP concentration in tumour tissue was found in patients treated with CDDP-mc. These results suggest that selective arterial infusion of CDDP-mc could exert intensive topical antitumour effects on lesions through microinfarction effects, and prolonged drug release, with minimum systemic side effects.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1986

Effects of female hormones on the muscarinic and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors of the nasal mucosa. An experimental study in guinea pigs.

During pregnancy aggravation of nasal allergic symptoms is occasionally observed in subjects with nasal allergy. To evaluate the effect of female hormones on the muscarinic receptor and the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor of the nasal mucosa, receptor binding assay was performed using the nasal mucosa of pregnant guinea pigs and of male guinea pigs; the latter were treated either with estrogen or with progesterone. Pregnancy induced a significant decrease of the density of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor of the nasal mucosa (p less than 0.05). Estrogen induced a significant increase of the density of the muscarinic receptor (p less than 0.05), while progesterone induced a significant decrease of the density of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor of the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs. When similar changes of the receptor can be induced by female hormones in the nasal mucosa of the human subjects, this may facilitate secondary development of hyperreactive nasal symptoms in subjects who have been sensitized before without apparent nasal symptoms.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Multidisciplinary treatment of cancer of the maxilla and the oral cavity].

A study was performed involving patients with cancer of the maxilla (N = 70), the oral tongue (N = 56), the lower gum (N = 30), the oral floor (N = 22), the upper gum (N = 11), the hard palate (N = 10) and the cheek (N = 11) to evaluate how far the long-term survival rate could be improved with a combination of Linac X-ray irradiation (6000 rads/30 d), chemotherapy (5-FU), and radical surgery followed by primary reconstruction. The results of the above therapy were analysed. The 5-year crude and relative survival rates for maxillary cancer were 64.2% and 72.1% respectively. For T4 squamous cell carcinoma, the crude 5-year survival rate was 63%. While the 5-year actual survival rate for all cases of tongue cancer was 80.6%, the 5-year survival rate of T2N0M0 cases in which prophylactic neck dissection was not performed routinely, was 71.4%. The 5-year survival rates for cancers of the lower gum, the oral floor, the upper gum, the hard palate and the cheek were 79.2%, 68.8%, 70.7%, 62.2% and 90.9% respectively. By combined therapy, it was possible to obtain high local control of the tumor. The most common cause of therapeutic failure was distant metastasis which was seen frequently in N1-3 cases and cases with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated carcinoma. In our present trial therapy, further combination of nonspecific immunotherapy and chemotherapy consisting chiefly of CDDP has been incorporated to control microscopic distant metastasis in these high-risk cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗