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Biomedical subjects

A Konishi

Publications and source records attributed to A Konishi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Which laryngoscope is the most stressful in laryngoscopy; Macintosh, Miller, or McCoy?].

Stress responses during laryngoscopy were compared among the situations using three different laryngoscopes, Macintosh (curved standard blade), Miller (straight blade), or McCoy (levering). Blood pressure, heart rate (in 58 patients) and plasma concentration of catecholamines (in 29 patients) were measured before, during and after laryngoscopy without tracheal intubation. Systolic blood pressure after laryngoscopy was significantly higher in the Miller group than in other two groups. Plasma epinephrine concentrations after laryngoscopy in the McCoy group were lower than other two groups. Heart rate and plasma norepinephrine concentration were not different among the three groups. These results suggest that the stress response during laryngoscopy without intubation is the biggest in using the Miller laryngoscope and the smallest in using the McCoy laryngoscope.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Establishment of high- and low-invasion clones derived for a human tongue squamous-cell carcinoma cell line SAS.

Distant-organ metastasis and regional lymph node metastasis are still the major cause of mortality of oral-cavity squamous-cell cancer (SCC). However, only a few studies have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of oral SCC. In this study, we attempted to establish human oral SCC clones with different invasiveness, defined by endothelial cell monolayer assay, which can be used for the study of invasion and metastasis of oral SCC. We established five clones from the human oral SCC cell line SAS by a limiting-dilution method. Two distinct clones, SAS-L1 with very low invasive potential and SAS-H1 with very high invasive potential, were picked out by rat lung endothelial cell monolayer assay. The number of SAS-H1 that penetrated the rat lung endothelial cell monolayer was six fold higher than the number of SAS-L1. There were no differences of metalloproteinase production and cell adhesiveness to Matrigel of SAS-L1 and SAS-H1. However, SAS-H1 exhibited a higher migration ability than SAS-L1. This pair of clones would be a useful experimental model to help in the study of the invasiveness of human oral SCC.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1996

Inflammatory changes after extradural anaesthesia may affect the spread of local anaesthetic within the extradural space.

We have assessed cephalad spread of analgesia in 491 patients undergoing extradural anaesthesia at the L2-3 or L3-4 interspace. Patients were classified into one of three groups based on the number of previous lumbar extradural anaesthesia procedures: none (group I, n = 339), one (group II, n = 82), and two or more (group III, n = 70). Cephalad spread of analgesia was greater in group I than in groups II and III, regardless of the puncture site. In addition, we examined the extradural space using a flexible extraduroscope in 32 patients who were excluded from the analysis of spread. Extraduroscopy showed the extradural space to be patent in patients with no history of prior lumbar extradural anesthesia, but it was not clearly identified in patients who had received extradural anaesthesia one or more times because of aseptic inflammatory changes, including proliferation of connective tissue, adhesions between the dura mater and the ligamentum flavum, granulation and changes in the ligamentum flavum. Extradural anaesthesia may cause aseptic inflammatory changes in the extradural space which may reduce the spread of analgesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor synergistically increase peripheral blood progenitor cells in myelosuppressive mice.

We previously reported a successful peripheral blood stem cell harvest by co-administration of recombinant human (rh) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and rh granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in normal mice. In the present study, to evaluate further the utility of this observation for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, we examined the effects of rhIL-6 and rhG-CSF on peripheral blood granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in carboplatin (CBDCA)-induced and irradiation-induced myelosuppressive mouse models. After CBDCA administration, blood cell counts decreased to the nadir, and then recovered to a normal level. In this recovery phase, the peripheral CFU-GM level increased to 3.8-fold higher than the pretreatment level. Administration of rhIL-6 (10 microgram/day) alone induced a 40-fold increase in peripheral CFU-GM from the normal level at day 14. In combination with rhG-CSF (0.35 microgram/day), which alone induced a 74-fold increase, rhIL-6 synergistically increased the CFU-GM level by 1200-fold. In irradiated mice, similar results were observed. Administration of rhIL-6 at 3 and 10 microgram/day significantly increased CFU-GM. Interestingly, in combination with rhG-CSF, a lower dose of rhIL-6 (1 microg/day) could induce CFU-GM increase. We also examined CFU-GM distribution in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. Cytokine administration induced not only a change of CFU-GM distribution, but also an increase in total CFU-GM counts per mouse. These results suggest that co-administration of rhIL-6 and rhG-CSF may be useful for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The outbreak of mumps in a small island in Japan.

A major mumps outbreak occurred on a small island, Ikeshima. in Nagasaki Prefecture from August 1994 to February 1995. There were 236 patients with the mumps at Ikeshima Miners' Hospital during that period. The Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR, Toitsukabu) vaccination coverage in the 43 children at the nursery school was 65.1% and it was 61.9% in the 21 children aged 4-5 years not attending the nursery school. Coverage was 66.6% in the 63 kindergarten students and 53.7% in 56 first-graders. The overall MMR vaccination coverage among these children was 61.7% (113/183) from 1989 to 1992. Children from the second grade to junior high school received monovalent mumps vaccine, Torii strain. None received Zishakabu MMR. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 43 years, with a mean of 9.1 years. The majority (77.5%) were primary school children. The attack rates for vaccinated and unvaccinated children in grades one to six were: 6.7% (2/30) and 88.5% (23/26), 25% (3/12) and 44.1% (30/68), 11.1% (1/9) and 64.4% (29/45), 25% (2/8) and 60% (45/79), 22.2% (2/9) and 35.9% (28/78). 0% (0/5) and 24.7% (18/73), respectively. The overall frequency in the primary school was 41.4% (183/442 children). The frequency in the nursery school for children aged 4-5 years was 14.0% (6/43). It was 17.5% (11/63) in children aged 5-6 years in the kindergarten, 5.2% (11/213) in children not attending school with an age range of 1-5 years, and 4.2% (10/237) in junior high school students. Although the frequencies of MMR coverage for the nursery school children and kindergarteners were not high enough to eradicate mumps outbreaks, the MMR vaccination program was thought to have influenced the low frequency of mumps among the children. Close physical interactions among the first-graders would have contributed to their high frequency of mumps. Some patients presented with suspected mumps parotitis several times, but no such serological confirmation of reinfection was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Association of postoperative brain dysfunction and atherosclerosis, intraoperative rSO2 and CO2 reaction in open heart surgery].

We studied the relationship between postoperative brain dysfunction and the state of atherosclerosis in the patients of open heart surgery, by analyzing the intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and the CO2 reaction. The subjects were 143 patients with average age of 64 years. The patients with low postoperative Hasegawa's Dementia Score were categorized as brain dysfunction group. rSO2 was utilized to monitor cerebral blood flow, and AI and stiffness parameter beta were used for evaluation of systemic atherosclerosis. Postoperative brain dysfunction was confirmed in 12%. There were significantly high values of AI and beta as well as low rSO2, in elder age with low cardiac index and no correlation was observed between rSO2 and PaCO2 in the brain dysfunction group. The results suggested that a higher level of atherosclerosis is associated with the postoperative brain dysfunction with resultant decreased cerebral blood flow and disturbed reaction to CO2 of cerebral blood vessels.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical effects of urokinase and sodium ozagrel in patients with acute symptomatic lacunar infarction].

The clinical effects were compared between a thrombolytic agent (urokinase) and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (sodium ozagrel) in patients with acute lacunar infarction. All patients had some degree of neurological deficits, which corresponded to the lesions on computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Urokinase of 420,000 units was given over two days in 11 patients, 160 mg/day of sodium ozagrel was administered for two weeks in 23 patients. The study was followed up to one month after the onset. Urokinase treatment improved motor paresis in 45.5-62.5% of the patients, sodium ozagrel in 68.4-86.7%. Using the combined score of motor paresis and conscious disorder, urokinase group revealed 44.4-45.5% improvement, but sodium ozagrel group 81.0-89.5% (p < 0.05). The rates of suppressive effect in progressing stroke and complete recovery were higher in sodium ozagrel group. Sodium ozagrel was clinically more efficient than urokinase in patients with lacunar infarction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

A synergistic increase in transplantable peripheral blood stem cells in mice by co-administration of recombinant human interleukin 6 and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

We examined the effects of co-administration of recombinant human (rh) IL-6 (10 micrograms/day) and rh granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (0.35 micrograms/day) on the number of peripheral blood cells and peripheral progenitor cells in mice. Among blood cells counts, only white blood cells were synergistically enhanced by co-administration of rhIL-6 and rhG-CSF. Moreover, it was found that co-administration of rhIL-6 and rhG-CSF also caused a marked synergistic increase in the number of peripheral blood progenitor cells. Namely, in combination with rhG-CSF, which alone induced a 170-fold increase in peripheral granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) on day 14, rhIL-6 synergistically increased the number of CFU-GM to more than 1600-fold higher than the number in control mice. Administration of rhIL-6 alone induced a 46-fold increase in CFU-GM. Similar synergistic increases of other hematopoietic progenitors, such as colony-forming units in spleen and megakaryocyte colony-forming units in blood, were also observed in mice co-administered rhIL-6 and rhG-CSF. The survival rate of lethally irradiated recipient mice transplanted with mononuclear cells from 100 microliters of blood from mice administered rhIL-6 and/or rhG-CSF was examined. When mononuclear cells from mice co-administered rhIL-6 and rhG-CSF were injected, survival rate at day 100 was 92%. In contrast, recipient mice transplanted with mononuclear cells from mice administered either rhIL-6 or rhG-CSF alone showed a survival rate of 31% or 46%, respectively, although transplantation of mononuclear cells from control mice failed to rescue any lethally irradiated recipient mice. These results suggest that co-administration of rhIL-6 and rhG-CSF may be useful for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Change of the cognitive function after open heart surgery].

The changes of cognitive function after open heart surgery was examined using the Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (max. 30 points) in 47 patients with average age of 61.7 years. The patient's score was obtained preoperatively, and 1st and 7th postoperative days. Patients with postoperative scores above 24 points were classified as Non-Decline group, and those below 23 points as Decline group; comparative analyses were done on the relationship between various perioperative factors on both groups. Anesthesia was induced with low-dose fentanyl and isoflurane-nitrous oxide in oxygen. The average operating time was 331 minutes, and the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 108 minutes with normothermia. There were 31 Non-Decline cases, and 16 (34%) Decline cases on the 1st and 5 (10 %) on the 7th postoperative day. The largest decrease in the Decline group was seen on the 1st postoperative day, and there were 4 cases of dementia. The factors in which a significant difference was observed between the 2 groups were age, amount of transfusion, extubation time, preoperative complications and postoperative cardiac index, and these was not related to the operation or ECC time. Moreover there were high incidences of postoperative complications, especially LOS, in the Decline group. It was concluded that one of the largest contributing factors of abnormality of the cognitive function postoperatively was age, and other factors such as pre- and postoperative general conditions of the patients, especially cardiac function, might also be related. The length of hospitalization in the cases of decreased cognitive function was longer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Postoperative management following open heart surgery by thoracic epidural anesthesia].

The significance of thoracic epidural anesthesia as a postoperative analgesic-sedative was evaluated. Ninety-seven open heart surgery patients with average age of 64 years, were classified into: Non-Epidural (N) group, Epidural with butorphanol (B) group and Epidural with morphine (M) group, in each of which the pulmonary, circulatory and sedative states were studied. Anesthesia was induced with low-dose fentanyl and isoflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen, and epidural catheter was inserted through Th 7-10 on the day before the operation for Epidural groups. Butorphanol 0.5-1.0 mg was administrated in B group, and morphine 2-5 mg in M group. The Epidural groups required only small amount of fentanyl, 5 micrograms.kg-1, were extubated earlier compared to N group, and showed higher postoperative cardiac index. As for the respiratory state, although PaCO2 was slightly higher in the Epidural group, there was no difference in oxygenation. The incidence of administration of postoperative analgesic-sedative was extremely low in the Epidural especially in M group. As long as the indication is appropriately selected, the epidural anesthesia will not have negative effect on the postoperative pulmonary and circulatory state, allows for an earlier extubation and has excellent sedative effect. It is an effective method for patient management following open heart surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Changes in intellectual function during perioperative period evaluated by Hasegawa's Dementia Scale].

In 190 patients, we studied changes in intellectual status during perioperative period using Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS-R), and analyzed preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors. HDS-R is one of the most popular scoring tests for evaluating dementia or delirium. Risk factors impairing preoperative score were aging, and preoperative complications including cerebral vascular disease, old myocardial infarction, arrythmia, and diabetes mellitus. Risk factors impairing postoperative score were, in addition to above-mentioned factors, hypoproteinemia and postoperative stressful conditions such as prolonged fever, pain, bed rest, and naso-gastric tube. In the patients who showed postoperative score deterioration, the incidence of old myocardial infarction, hypertension, and postoperative stressful conditions was significantly greater. In the patients who showed postoperative score improvement, local anesthesia including epidural and spinal anesthesia was used more often. In conclusion, aging or preoperative complications such as cerebral vascular disease, old myocardial infarction, arrythmia, and diabetes mellitus are high risks for the development of postoperative dementia and delirium under general surgical procedures and general anesthesia. Intraoperative management with patients awake using local anesthesia and postoperative stress-less conditions are important to avoid postoperative dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo2) during open heart surgery and postoperative brain dysfunction].

We studied the occurrence of brain dysfunction in regards to changes in cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo2) during open heart surgery. The subjects were 68 patients with the average age of 61 years. For the evaluation of brain function, Hasegawa Dementia Scale was used, and those patients whose scores were less than 23 points, or had decreased by more than 3 points from preoperative scores on the 7th postoperative day were categorized as the brain dysfunction group. There were 14 (21%) postoperative brain dysfunction cases. Although rSo2 values during surgery ran at 70-65% level, the brain dysfunction group showed significantly lower values throughout the entire procedures, with the lowest value being 61% during cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients in the dysfunction group were of older ages and postoperative lower cardiac index, which indicated that the occurrence of brain dysfunction is greatly influenced by low cerebral blood flow. Effect from the operative procedures and CPB alone seemed to be small. Cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo2) is believed to be a useful monitor of cerebral blood flow, and occurrence of brain dysfunction may be expected at values lower than 60%.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Sequence-specific cleavage of RNA by a hybrid ribonuclease H.

Site-specific cleavage of the 22-, 132- and 534-base RNAs by the DNA/protein hybrid RNase H were examined. The 22-base RNA was chemically synthesized, and 132- and 534-base RNAs were prepared by run-off transcription. The hybrid enzyme cleaves these RNAs, which contain a single target sequence, primarily at the unique phosphodiester bond within the target sequence. The hybrid enzyme performs multiple turnovers, and at a substrate/enzyme ratio of 10:1 the RNAs are almost completely cleaved by the hybrid enzyme at 37 degrees C within 1 h. We propose that hybrid RNase H molecules with various oligodeoxyribonucleotides function as RNA restriction enzymes and are useful for structural and functional studies of RNA.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical localization of substance P receptor in the superior colliculus. A light and electron microscope study in the rat.

The superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have been known to contain many axons showing substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI). We, therefore, immunohistochemically examined the distribution of SP receptor (SPR) in the superficial layers of the SC in the rat by using a specific antibody against SPR. The majority of SC neurons with SPR-LI were distributed in the zonal and the superficial gray layers, the rest of them were in the optic layer. Electron microscopy revealed that SPR-immunoreaction products in SC neurons were distributed not only in postsynaptic sites, but also in non-synaptic regions of perikaryal and dendritic profiles.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Efficacy of oral midazolam as premedication in adult].

Midazolam was administered as a premedicant to 90 patients aged from 20 to 55 years with ASA status 1 or 2. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group I 10 mg orally, group II 20 mg orally, group III 5 mg intramuscularly. All premedications were given 30 minutes before entering the operating room. The perioperative effects of midazolam on blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate and SpO2 as well as sedative, hypnotic and amnemonic effects were evaluated in these patients. There were no remarkable changes in the blood pressure, pulse rate or respiratory rate. There was no problem on the upper airway tract, but a slight decrease in SpO2 was observed in a few patients. In this study, sedative and hypnotic effects were almost satisfactory. Midazolam produced significant anterograde amnesia, and the amnemonic rate was 66.7% in group I and 86.7% in group II and III. In conclusion, oral midazolam is an effective preanesthetic medication in adult.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Hemodynamics during hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) technique].

In order to avoid blood transfusion in patient, we have been carrying out hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with HES and Ringer's lactate without blood withdrawal. We studied the hemodynamics during hypervolemic hemodilution in adult mongrel dogs. The dogs were divided into two groups; control group (group C) and nitroglycerin group (group N) in which nitroglycerin was administrated at 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1. During HH, CVP, PAP, PCWP increased remarkably, and they were lower in group N than in group C, and CO increased in group N more than in group C. Though by the acute hemodilution Hct decreased to 30%, PaO2/FIO2, pH, and SvO2 remained within normal ranges. We conclude that HH is a very useful technique to avoid blood transfusion. However, during HH the excessive volume loading is associated with significant increase in CVP and PCWP, and the vasodilating therapy is effective to reduce the volume overloading.

Animals↗