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Biomedical subjects

A Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to A Kondo.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Primary yolk sac tumor of the cerebellar vermis: case report.

A rare case of yolk sac tumor in the cerebellar vermis is reported. A 2-year-old boy developed headaches, vomiting, and an unsteady gait. Later a tumor was demonstrated in the medial part of the cerebellum by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumor was totally removed, and the surgery was followed by chemotherapy. Soon after surgery the elevated alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid were observed to decrease to normal levels. Three months later enhanced MRI showed a lesion in the vermis without any elevation of AFP, and the lesion turned out to be a granuloma. Six months after the second surgery a tumor recurred that could not be totally removed. Cranial radiotherapy was given together with chemotherapy, which resulted in a decrease of AFP to the normal range. The patient is doing well without any elevation in AFP at 1 year 6 months after onset. Related problems in the diagnosis and treatment of yolk sac tumors are discussed.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Tethered cord syndrome: cause for urge incontinence and pain in lower extremities.

An eight-year-old girl has had urge incontinence for the last three years and muscle weakness and pain in the lower extremities for one month. Urodynamic study revealed a bladder instability of severe degree. Tethered cord syndrome caused by a tight filum terminale was identified by metrizamide myelography. An untethering of the filum terminale resolved her symptomatology completely. The urologist should be aware of this syndrome in a patient presenting with incontinence that has persisted for a long time or has recurred.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1992

Anti-reflux surgery by injection of Teflon paste.

Over a 3-year period, 55 refluxing ureters in 36 patients were treated by the endoscopic injection of Teflon paste. Although reflux was corrected immediately in 54 ureters (98%), reflux recurred 3 to 4 months later in 18 ureters. Reinjection was carried out once in 5 ureters and twice in 1. The success rate was 71% in primary reflux and 53% in secondary reflux. Significant side effects were encountered post-operatively in 3 patients: vesicoureteric junction obstruction in 2 and urethral stricture in 1. We recommend that the results of surgery should not be evaluated until at least 3 to 4 months after operation. A review of the literature shows that the overall success rate was 92% in 367 ureters with primary reflux and 70% in 181 ureters with secondary reflux. Because of the uncertain outcome of surgery and the possibility of adverse side effects, one should be cautious when considering this form of treatment in young children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for urolithiasis on concentrations of creatine kinase isozymes in patient serum and urine.

To determine whether extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urolithiasis causes renal injury, we immunoassayed creatine kinase isozymes (CK-B and CK-M) in serum and urine from patients with renal stone (n = 21) and ureteral stone (n = 18) before and after (0, 2, and 24 h) ESWL. CK-B is generally present in renal tissue at relatively high concentrations, whereas CK-M is found at low concentrations. CK-B and CK-M levels were enhanced both in the serum and urine samples after ESWL in both groups of patients but CK-B levels return to almost normal very rapidly. Because CK-M, which is mainly localized in muscle tissue, also increased in both groups, the increased CK-B in serum after ESWL might be derived not only from kidney but also from muscle tissues which also contain a significant level of CK-B. These results suggest that significant tissue injury, including kidney and muscles, might be caused by ESWL treatment for urolithiasis but there is no long-term renal adverse effect, and that creatine kinase isozymes in serum and urine might be useful markers of tissue injury by such treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Painful tic convulsif caused by a brain tumor: case report and review of the literature.

Patient with painful tic convulsif caused by a brain tumor is presented. The patient was admitted with right trigeminal neuralgia and ipsilateral facial spasm, i.e., painful tic convulsif. Preoperative computed tomography scans showed no apparent abnormalities; however, surgery revealed that these symptoms were associated with a pearly tumor located in the cerebellopontine angle. Subtotal resection for the decompression of the right trigeminal and facial nerves was performed and resulted in complete relief of the symptoms. Histological examination demonstrated the tumor to be an epidermoid cyst.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Hashimoto's thyroiditis in HTLV-I carriers.

We describe two HTLV-I virus carriers who have biopsy-proven Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The first patient, a 64-year-old female, has had goiter and hypothyroidism since the age of 56. The second patient, a 66-year-old male, developed hyperthyroidism and goiter at the age of 44, but at present he is hypothyroid. Both patients are positive for anti-thyroid antibodies and anti-HTLV-I virus antibody. Findings of the thyroid biopsy specimens were consistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These data suggest that Hashimoto's thyroiditis develops in HTLV-I carriers who have no clinical evidence of HAM/TSP.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of magnesium ions on the contraction of the rat detrusor muscle].

Effects of magnesium (Mg) ions on the contraction of the rat detrusor muscle induced by intramural nerve stimulation were investigated in vitro. 1. Frequency-response curve demonstrated that contractile responses increased in magnesium-free Krebs' solution and decreased in high magnesium solution (MgCl2 5 mM) in comparison with those in normal Krebs' solution. 2. When MgCl2 was added into an organ bath with cumulative way, the magnitude of detrusor contraction decreased dose-dependently. The contractile response was completely abolished by 30 mM MgCl2. 3. Mg ions suppressed the detrusor contraction induced by a high KCl concentration. 4. The effect of Mg ions on the detrusor contraction was enhanced by verapamil but was inhibited by Bay-K8644. 5. Procaine agonized the effect of Mg ions on the detrusor contraction. On the other hand, caffeine did not modify the effect of Mg ions. These results suggest that Mg ions seem to play an inhibitory role on 2 types of Ca-channels existing on the cell membrane and to inhibit release of Ca ions from the intracellular deposit.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Pelvic floor muscle training as treatment of stress incontinence. The effectiveness of vaginal cones].

Pelvic floor muscle training is the mainstream of the non-operative treatment for female stress urinary incontinence. However, in order to make this method effective, it is mandatory to learn how to correctly contract pelvic floor muscles. Thirty adult women suffering from mild stress incontinence were instructed to train their pelvic muscles using vaginal cones. They retained cones of increasing weight in the vagina by contracting pelvic floor for 15 minutes twice a day. Twenty-seven of 30 (90%) patients could complete the training in five weeks. Both incidence and degree of incontinence decreased significantly after the training. The subjective improvement rate (incontinence cured or decreased by 50%) was 70%. The cone weights which they could hold over one minute and the voluntary pelvic floor contractions measured with the perineometer increased significantly, which indicated strengthening of pelvic floor muscles. Vaginal cones have a shape similar to tampons and are accepted by Japanese women with little psychological resistance. This device helps the patients to understand how to contract pelvic floor muscles and to motivate them to continue training, thus contributing for the treatment of stress incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Results in treatment of urinary incontinence in the elderly].

The diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence in the elderly out-clinic patients were reviewed. Sixty-three patients (24 males and 39 females) over 60 years old, who consulted our clinic complaining urinary incontinence, were subjected to the present study. The patients' ages ranged from 60 to 91, with the mean age of 72.9 years old. The types of the incontinence were urge in 44 cases (69.8%), stress in 10 (15.9%), outflow in 5 (7.9%) and mixture of urge and stress in 4 (6.4%). Urge incontinence resulted from unstable bladder in 63.6% and from neurogenic bladder (overactive detrusor) in 36.4%. Cerebrovascular diseases were the most common cause of the neurogenic bladder. Fifty-four patients (85.7%) were out-patients and 9 (14.3%) were hospitalized for other diseases. Thirteen patients (20.6%) with dementia were included. Diagnosis was made on the basis of a detailed questionnaire, physical examination and voiding chart, and confirmed by urodynamic study. Treatment was positively made by means of drug therapy, operation, clean intermittent catheterization and/or behavior training. As results, incontinence disappeared in 52.4% (frequency of incontinence/day: 5.0 +/- 2.6 times/day to 0), was fairly improved in 30.2% (5.1 +/- 2.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.8), was slightly improved in 7.9% (3.4 +/- 1.4 to 2.4 +/- 1.4) and unchanged in 9.5% (8.2 +/- 2.3 to 8.3 +/- 2.2). Severe neurogenic bladder (overactive), dementia and physical disability were proposed to be important factors responsible for treatment failure. Aggressive therapy should be tried to treat the urinary incontinence in the elderly, since favourable results can be expected in most of the cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment of gastric cancer in the aged].

The present status of surgical treatment for gastric cancer in the aged was reviewed. The incidence among the aged in the overall operated patients with gastric cancer has increased yearly and recently has reached approximately 35%. The incidence of early gastric cancer in the aged has increased 40% in recent times. Pulmonary failure and anastomotic leak of the alimentary tract are the most common post-operative complications in the aged; these easily lead to the development of multiple organ failure with high mortality. Precise pre-operative evaluation of functional disorder in each organ and pre-, post-operative nutritional and transfusional support is indispensable to overcome these complications. Surgeons are required to perform appropriate surgical maneuvers with minimum operation time and minimum blood loss with full consideration for the adequate surgical indication in accordance with both the spread of the cancer and the general condition of the aged patient. Mental care to avoid post-operative mental disorders is also crucial.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Assay of urinary free fucose by fluorescence labeling and high-performance liquid chromatography.

The concentrations of free fucose and other sugars in urine of cancer patients and healthy subjects were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. After the urine samples were dried, we coupled the sugars in the residue with 2-aminopyridine to be detected as fluorescent derivatives. We then analyzed the pyridylamino derivatives of the sugars with an anion-exchange column and borate buffer. The difference between cancer patients and healthy subjects for the mean concentrations of fucose corrected for creatinine was significant (P less than 0.001). We checked the relationship between the concentrations of other sugars and the presence of cancer. This method is highly sensitive, and neither a cleanup procedure before labeling nor purification before injection into the column is needed. Not only fucose but also other sugars can be detected simultaneously, so this method should be useful for studying any changes in sugars in urine in various diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Response of human urinary bladders to angiotensins: comparison between neurogenic and control bladders].

The response of the human detrusor muscle to angiotensins and the difference in contractility between neurogenic and control bladders were examined. Both angiotensin I and II induced potent contraction of the human detrusor muscle. In Ca-free Krebs' solution the contractile response to angiotensin II was abolished. However, verapamil and indomethacin suppressed it only slightly. Captopril blocked completely the response to angiotensin I, and saralasin inhibited completely the response to both angiotensin I and II. The contraction strength in response to both angiotensin I and II was significantly weaker in the neurogenic bladder than in the control. However, there was no difference in the value of ED50 between the two groups. These findings suggest that angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme at the detrusor, and that angiotensin II subsequently contracts the detrusor muscle through angiotensin II receptors. The contractility of the neurogenic bladder in response to angiotensin was significantly lower compared to that of the control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Two-dimensional mapping by high-performance liquid chromatography of pyridylamino oligosaccharides from various glycosphingolipids.

A method to map sugars two-dimensionally for the analysis of the structures of oligosaccharides from glycosphingolipids is described. Nine neutral and ten acidic oligosaccharides were obtained from glycosphingolipids by endoglycoceramidase digestion and labelled with 2-aminopyridine. The pyridylamino oligosaccharides were clearly separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on commercially available C18-silica and amide-silica column. All compounds tested were mapped without any overlapping. The separation of the pyridylamino oligosaccharides on the C18-silica column depended on the numbers and positions of sialic acid and N-acetylhexosamine residues; on the amide-silica column, the separation depended on the total number of sugar residues.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1991

Effect of a high-protein diet on the gene expression of a trypsin-sensitive, cholecystokinin-releasing peptide (monitor peptide) in the pancreas.

The adaptation to a high protein diet of the concentration and mRNA level of a trypsin-sensitive, cholecystokinin-releasing peptide (monitor peptide), which was proposed to be the mediator of the cholecystokinin release in response to protein intake, was investigated in the rat pancreas. Adult rats were placed on one of two isocaloric diets. One group was fed a 22% casein diet (control diet) and the other a 64% casein diet (high-protein diet) for 14 days. In order to quantify the monitor peptide separately from pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI-II), which is highly similar in its amino acid and mRNA nucleotide sequences to the monitor peptide but has less cholecystokinin-releasing activity, we used specific assay methods: HPLC was used for determining the monitor peptide concentration in zymogen granules and a synthetic oligonucleotide probe for determining the mRNA of the monitor peptide in the pancreas. The concentrations in the zymogen granules and the mRNA levels in the pancreas of the two peptides increased in parallel during the adaptation to the high protein diet, indicating that these two peptides were under the same control during the adaptation. The concentration and mRNA level of the monitor peptide, which were measured after 0, 3, and 14 days, increased throughout the experiment period, as did the concentration of trypsin. This suggested that the monitor peptide and trypsin may respond to similar signals during the adaptation to a high protein diet and that this apparent coordination may facilitate the adaptation of the pancreas to the diet.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Semidominant expression of absence-like seizure in tremor rats.

Tremor rats (tremor homozygous rats) exhibit spontaneous absence-like seizure, which is characterized by a sudden immobility with staring and the appearance of 5- to 7-Hz spike and wave complexes in cortical and hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG). In this study, we examined the development of the seizure and the mode of inheritance. All tremor homozygous and heterozygous rats exhibited the seizure by 14 and 26 weeks of age, respectively. The frequency and total duration in tremor heterozygous rats were significantly lower in comparison with those in tremor homozygous rats. None of the seven tremor wild-type homozygous rats exhibited the seizure. In an EEG study of backcross progeny of (BN/fMaiKyo x tremor heterozygous rats)F1 (tm/+) x tremor heterozygous rats at 5 months of age, the ratio of rats with and without the seizure was 23:7 (chi 2 = 0.09 for 3:1 ratio). These results suggest that the absence-like seizure is semidominantly expressed, in contrast to other recessive mutant traits in tremor rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

An ultrastructural study of oligodendrocytes in zitter rat: a new animal model for hypomyelination in the CNS.

The ultrastructural alterations in oligodendrocytes in the zitter rat--a newly established animal model of CNS hypomyelination--were studied in animals between 3 and 37 weeks of age. Throughout the observation period, the most characteristic alteration was the presence of abnormal structures associated with nuclear membranes and resembling split myelin lamellae. The structures consisted of stacks of membranes continuous with the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope or with plasma membranes. This abnormality was prominent at 3 weeks of age, when initial myelination was probably still occurring. It was decreased transiently at 12 weeks of age and then again increased slightly with advancing age. However, the mean incidence of this abnormality was approximately 5% of the oligodendrocyte nuclei in randomly examined electron micrographs. As the small membranous abnormalities were observed in a few serial sections, the actual incidence is believed to be several times higher than 5%. Such membranous abnormalities were also detected in some mitochondria, in some cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and in some lysosomes, all at lower incidence rates. Some aberrant or elongated myelin sheath formations, an increased number of radial components and intracytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes were also observed. These findings suggest that functional abnormalities in membrane biosynthesis including the myelin sheaths and the nuclear membranes in oligodendrocytes are closely related to the hypomyelination in the CNS and may be related to the genetic abnormality in the zitter rat.

Aging↗