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Biomedical subjects

A Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to A Kojima.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Transcription mapping of glycoprotein I (gpI) and gpIV of varicella-zoster virus and immunological analysis of the gpI produced in cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus.

In order to determine the transcripts of gpI and gpIV of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), RNA was isolated from human embryonic fibroblast cells infected with VZV and Northern blot analysis was carried out using cloned DNA probes of unique short region including gpI and gpIV genes. The analysis of RNA revealed two discrete transcripts of 3.6 and 2.15 kilobases (kb) and three transcripts of 3.6, 2.9, and 1.6 kb which hybridized to DNA probes covering the gpI and gpIV region, respectively. Next, mRNAs were hybrid-selected, translated in vitro and the polypeptide products were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against these glycoproteins. The polypeptides with a molecular weight of 70,000 (70K) and 37K which were in vitro translational products of mRNA hybrid-selected with the DNA clone covering gpI and gpIV were detected using antibodies against gpI and gpIV, respectively. The result showed that the 70K polypeptide is presumably the translational product of 2.15 kb mRNA and the 37K polypeptide is that of 1.6 kb mRNA. DNA fragment encoding gpI or gpIV was inserted into vaccinia virus DNA and the recombinant viruses, mO74 (gpI) and mO39 (gpIV), were used for immunological analysis. In consequence, the gpI derived from cells infected with mO74 showed antigenic characteristics similar to those of gpI from VZV-infected cells as determined from the immunoprecipitation pattern, although the molecular weight of each polypeptide was different, and antibody produced in rabbits infected with recombinant virus had a high neutralizing activity, when the reaction was performed with complement. This suggested that gpI plays an important role for protection and recovery from VZV infection.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Serial measurement of sister chromatid exchanges in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy in relation to bone marrow toxicity.

The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer before and after initial chemotherapy were serially measured and the correlation between SCE frequencies and bone marrow toxicity was evaluated. The addition of mitomycin C to vindesine plus cisplatin increased SCE frequencies significantly in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. A significant increase in frequencies of SCE was observed in patients treated with cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin plus vincristine as compared with those treated with cisplatin plus etoposide in small cell lung cancer. A significant inverse correlation was observed between SCE frequencies in the peripheral lymphocytes 7 days after treatment (x) and the nadir value/pretreatment value of platelets (y)(r = -0.685, P = 0.0007, y = 0.842-0.022x). The relation between SCE frequency and leukopenia showed the same trend as thrombocytopenia, but the correlation was not statistically significant (r = -0.444, P = 0.057). SCE assay may have potential clinical use for the prediction of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Hydranencephaly and maximal hydrocephalus: usefulness of electrophysiological studies for their differentiation.

The EEG was evaluated in three cases of hydranencephaly and two cases of maximal hydrocephalus, and the visual evoked potential was studied in one case each of hydranencephaly and maximal hydrocephalus. The EEG tracing of hydranencephaly typically showed a flat pattern in most bipolar derivations because of the differential amplification of the same activity from remote generators. However, the EEG of maximal hydrocephalus did not demonstrate a flat pattern in bipolar as well as referential derivation, and the activities were different from various electrodes in referential derivation. The visual evoked potential of maximal hydrocephalus showed a normal pattern, while that of hydranencephaly showed no response. Electrophysiological examinations (such as EEG and visual evoked potential) are useful for differentiation of hydranencephaly and maximal hydrocephalus in cases whose computed tomographic scans do not provide clear differentiation.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and evoked potentials at early stage of adrenoleukodystrophy.

An 8 year-old-boy with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) was subject to an x-ray computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose and evoked potential studies, about 3 months after the onset of neurologic symptoms. A CT showed decreased radiodensity over the white matter of both occipital lobes, and high density areas on the periventricular space. No contrast enhancement was observed around the low dense white matter, while occipital grey matter seemed to be almost normal. MRI demonstrated a larger and more obvious lesion of prolonged T2 relaxation time which was 170-250 msec than that detected by CT scan. The PET demonstrated wide and severe hypometabolism for glucose over the grey and the white matter of bilateral occipital lobes. The visual evoked potential (VEP) was scarcely elicitable, while the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and short latency somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) was normal. These imaging studies suggest that extensive and profound demyelination exists in the occipital white matter. For detection of demyelinizing process, MRI may be more effective than CT in this disorder. The PET study revealed that there may have been an abnormality of the grey matter as well as the white matter in the occipital lobe. The VEP disappeared in the relatively early stage. The brainstem may not be involved at such early stage in light of normal ABR and SSEP.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: multivariate analysis in the National Cancer Center Hospital (Japan).

Consecutive series involving 172 patients with small cell lung cancer were analyzed retrospectively using eight pretreatment and two treatment-related prognostic factors in respect of their influence on survival. All the patients received chemotherapy with or without chest irradiation, according to phase II or phase III trial protocols of the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, from 1970 to 1987. The influence on survival of the various factors was investigated using univariate methods and Cox's proportional hazards model. In patients who survived for more than one year, a performance status of 0-1, limited disease, an age greater than 60 years, the absence of liver metastasis, radiotherapy to primary site and response to chemotherapy were determined by univariate analysis to be favorable prognostic factors. By multivariate analysis, performance status (P = 0.005), age (P = 0.026) and response to induction chemotherapy (P = 0.0001) proved to be valuable prognostic survival factors. The extent of disease which had been considered one of the most significant prognostic factors, was shown not to be a significant independent variable by multivariate analysis. Staging procedures may influence the prognostic analysis. Although classifying the limited or extensive stage of disease is still recommended, the current staging system lacks stringency and may not, in fact, reflect the tumor burden accurately. A simpler and meaningful staging system needs to adopted universally in order to continue the build-up of data for comparison from all institutions.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Unique male mammary tumors developing in the inbred soft-furred field rats Millardia meltada.

Inbred lines of the soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada, were studied with special reference to spontaneous male mammary tumors. Adult males had the hyperplastic, pigmented inguinal mammary tissues and frequently developed bilateral mammary tumors. The tumors, no longer pigmented, were histologically well-differentiated adenocarcinomas associated with the myoepithelial cells and showed a variety of growth patterns depending on the stage of progression. They were transplantable to male, but not to female or castrated male nude mice. A significant number of androgen as well as estrogen binding sites were demonstrated in the nuclei of the transplanted tumor cells by in situ autoradiography. Neither virus particle nor mouse mammary tumor virus-specific antigen expression was detected in the tumor cells by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. Normal females were generally free of pigment and tumor, although the androgen treatment induced marked pigmentation (deposit of nonfluorescent lipofuscin and hemosiderin) and hyperplasia of the female mammary epithelial cells, without a tumor. Possible relationships between pigmentation and tumor development were considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[AIDS vaccines].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of hepatic function by hepatobiliary scintigraphy using factor analysis].

Factor analysis of hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan (99mTc-PMT) was performed, and functional factor of liver parenchyma (FA-hepatogram) was obtained. Two parameters (peak time, T 1/2) were calculated from this hepatogram. A good correlation was obtained between these parameters and ICG-R15; furthermore, these parameters were prolonged in patients with normal volunteers, chronic hepatitis, compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis in this order. Conventional hepatogram by ROI method (ROI-hepatogram) was not suitable for the evaluation of global liver function in condition such as a large intrahepatic mass, intrahepatic gall bladder, dilatation of biliary tree, and severe liver cirrhosis. But, even in such cases, FA-hepatogram was useful for the evaluation of global liver function.

Biliary Tract↗
PubMed1989

Effect of spatial resolution on SPECT quantification values.

The effect of spatial resolution on quantification by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was studied using a rotating gamma camera and 99mTc. Using phantoms with hot and cold regions, experiments were performed to ascertain relationships between the source and the SPECT image, and to compare them with theoretic calculations. According to the results, the SPECT value represented the true radioactivity when the objects' sizes were 2.5 times larger than full width at half maximum (FWHM) for hot regions. For cold regions, there were errors of approximately 20% for the true value, even in the case of such large sizes. In addition, sizes at half maximum images corresponded to true object sizes when hot region sizes were larger than 1.4 x FWHM. The relationship between absolute radioactivity and total SPECT value was linear when the threshold level was zero. Knowing the effect of spatial resolution is a necessity in clinical SPECT studies.

Models, Structural↗
PubMed1988

Suppression of exercise-induced angina by magnesium sulfate in patients with variant angina.

The effects of intravenous magnesium on exercise-induced angina were examined in 15 patients with variant angina and in 13 patients with stable effort angina and were compared with those of placebo. Symptom-limited bicycle exercise and thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy were performed after intravenous administration of 0.27 mmol/kg body weight of magnesium sulfate and after placebo on different days. In all patients, serum magnesium levels after administration of magnesium sulfate were about twofold higher than levels after placebo. Exercise-induced angina associated with transient ST segment elevation occurred in 11 patients with variant angina receiving placebo and in only 2 of these patients receiving magnesium (p less than 0.005). On the other hand, exercise-induced angina was not suppressed by magnesium in any patient with stable effort angina. In these patients there was no significant difference in exercise duration after administration of placebo versus after administration of magnesium. The size of the perfusion defect as measured by thallium-201 scintigraphy was significantly less in patients with variant angina receiving magnesium than that in those receiving placebo (p less than 0.001), whereas it was not significantly different in patients with stable effort angina receiving placebo versus magnesium. In conclusion, exercise-induced angina is suppressed by intravenous magnesium in patients with variant angina but not in patients with stable effort angina. This beneficial effect of magnesium in patients with variant angina is most likely due to improvement of regional myocardial blood flow by suppression of coronary artery spasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nodular development of spontaneous epithelial thymoma in (ACI/NMs x BUF/Mna)F1 rats.

The BUF/Mna strain is a high thymoma line of rats, and virtually all rats develop overt thymomas by the age of 40 weeks. To reveal the early morphologic changes in this thymomagenesis, thymuses and thymomas were studied in (ACI/NMs x BUF/Mna)F1 (ABF1) rats, which inherit a thymoma susceptibility gene (Tsr-1) from the BUF/Mna strain. At 50 weeks of age, 18% of ABF1 rats had developed medium to large thymomas, 54% had just began to develop multiple, small round nodules in their involuted thymuses, and the remaining 29% had involuted thymus only. The nodules were, microscopically, composed of cortex-like tissues with a starry-sky pattern, showing a quite similar structure to that of the large macroscopic thymomas of predominantly lymphocytic type seen in 104-week-old ABF1 or BUF-Mna rats. Thus, the nodule was actually a small thymoma. In fact, their epithelial cells often had larger atypical nuclei than those in the adjacent involuted thymus cortex. At 104 weeks of age, the incidences of the medium to large thymomas and the small thymoma nodules in ABF1 rats were 64 and 19%, respectively. These results suggest that the thymoma of ABF1 rats occurs initially as multiple small nodules which develop further into medium to large overt thymomas as a result of growth and fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of an oral water load and intravenous administration of isotonic glucose, hypertonic saline, mannitol and furosemide on the release of atrial natriuretic peptide in men.

The effects of an oral water load and iv administration of isotonic glucose, hypertonic saline, mannitol and furosemide on release of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) were examined in normal subjects to determine the main factors causing its release. In addition, the influence of age on hANP secretion was investigated. The mean plasma hANP level in normal subjects, 0-89 years old, was 20.6 +/- 1.1 ng/l (mean +/- SEM) and showed age-related change. The plasma hANP level did not change significantly after a water load or infusion of isotonic glucose, but rose significantly from 11.4 +/- 1.4 to 15.6 +/- 3.2 ng/l after infusion of hypertonic saline and from 10.9 +/- 1.6 to 17.8 +/- 4.1 ng/l after infusion of 20% mannitol in parallel with the increase in plasma volume. The plasma hANP level decreased from 17.3 +/- 2.5 to 9.0 +/- 2.5 ng/l after injection of 40 mg of furosemide. A positive correlation was found between change in the plasma hANP level and percent change in the plasma volume (P less than 0.001) on these treatments. The response of plasma hANP to hypertonic saline infusion was greater in older than in young men. These results indicate that 1) the secretion of hANP shows an age-related change and 2) increase in the circulating plasma volume is an important factor regulating hANP secretion.

Administration, Oral↗