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Biomedical subjects

A Kohn

Publications and source records attributed to A Kohn.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Didactic and experiential education in substance abuse programs.

Medical model and social model programs both include client education as part of their service mandate, although the two models may define and accomplish the task of education differently. The role of education in substance abuse recovery has not been clear in either the treatment or recovery models. This paper therefore begins with a debate of the value of "educating" substance abuse clients, using several possible definitions of education and drawing upon a variety of theories from health education and community psychology. We divide these types of education into two broad definitional categories: knowledge acquisition and life skills development. Using data collected during a process evaluation at one medical and two social model programs, we provide examples of how knowledge acquisition and life skills development are accomplished at these sites. Analysis of the observational data pointed to two approaches to education, one didactic, the other experiential. All three sites used a didactic approach to knowledge about addiction. Only the social model sites used an experiential approach to convey knowledge and skills about recovery, and the development of life skills.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maintenance treatment with H2 receptor antagonists for duodenal ulcer disease: toward a rational use.

Duodenal ulcer disease is a heterogenous condition characterized by episodes of recurrence and remission. Recurrences are often painful and may result in gross duodenal scarring and pyloric stenosis; bleeding and perforation can complicate the disease, requiring operative treatment and increasing mortality. Treatment should therefore maintain remission after ulcer healing, prevent possibly lethal complications, be safe and maintain efficacy over time. Maintenance treatment with H2 receptor antagonists reduces the rate of symptomatic relapse, but there is no evidence that it affects the complication rate. Tolerance develops in a subgroup of patients and seems to contribute to their poor response to long-term H2 antagonist therapy. It seems wise to prescribe maintenance treatment for 3 years following initial healing in patients with severe relapsing disease, or smokers with recurrent symptoms, and to continue it for life in selected individuals at increased risk of acute complications or of complication-related mortality.

Drug Tolerance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of helminth parasites of fishes from the Mogi Guassu river, collected during expeditions between 1927 and 1985].

This paper concerns the parasitism of Nematoda, Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Cestoda from 1027 fishes of 45 species from Mogi Guassu river, examined in the years 1927, 1946, 1947, 1962, 1983 and 1985 as a contribution to the knowledge of the parasitological fauna in 58 years. Thirty two species of nematodes, 21 of trematodes, 3 of acanthocephalans and 2 of cestodes are reported. New hosts are presented for the nematodes Cucullanus pinnai, Spirocamallanus inopinatus and Travnema travnema, for the trematode Pararhipidocotyle jeffersoni and for the acanthocephalan Gorytocephalus spectabilis. New measurements for the trematode Creptotrema lynchy, tables, graphics and a list of the examined hosts with their parasites are presented.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning electron microscopic study of Prosorhynchoides arcuatus (Linton, 1990) (Bucephalidae: Digenea).

Prosorhynchoides arcuatus (Linton, 1900) from the intestine of Pomatomus saltator (L.) from the Atlantic coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro is studied by scanning electron microscopy, with detailed description of tegumental spines. Comments on the synonymy of this species with Bucephalopsis callicotyle Kohn, 1962 are made. The tegument of adult P. arcuatus presents scale like and serrated spines and uniciliated sensory papillae, distributed over the body surface and is compared with other digenetic trematodes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis in Metamicrocotyla macracantha (Alexander, 1954) Koratha, 1955 (Monogenea; Microcotylidae).

Ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis and of the mature spermatozoon of a microcotylid monogenean Metamicrocotyla macracantha parasite from Mugil liza, are described. The irregularly-shaped spermatogonia divides by successive mitoses, forming the primary spermatocytes, identified by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in their nuclei. The spermatids formed by meiotic cell divisions of the secondary spermatocytes, differentiate into a mature spermatozoon. Cross sections of the head and the middle region of mature spermatozoa show the nucleus with strong condensed chromatin, the mitochondria with short cristae, peripheral microtubules and two axonemes with a 9 + 1 pattern, confirming the characteristics of this genus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of perianal Crohn's disease].

Perianal Crohn's disease (PACD) is defined as the presence of persistent lesions in the anal canal and perianal region in patients with Crohn's disease. The relative incidence of PACD in Crohn's disease patients ranges from 15 to 80% in the literature, depending on the accuracy of the clinical investigations and the clinical importance attributed to the lesions in the various study populations. The incidence is significantly higher if the intestinal disease is located in the colon-rectum rather than in the small bowel. We reviewed our experience in 105 patients with PACD, 32 of whom presenting rectal localisation of the primary disease. We observed 2 stenoses, 3 perirectal abscesses, 3 rectal ulcerations, 5 skin tags, 10 fissures and 77 fistulas. Two dilatations under narcosis, 2 intrarectal drainages of abscesses, 19 fistulotomies, 7 partial fistulotomies and insertion of loose setons, 47 loose setons and 4 anoperineal diversions were performed. The remaining patients received medical and topical treatments. After a median follow-up of 30 months, 90 patients (86%) showed a good response with improvement in functional scores, while 15 (14%) showed no improvement or a worsening requiring proctectomy in 13 cases. All patients submitted to proctectomy had rectal localization of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infliximab in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis: a follow-up study.

Conventional treatment options for patients with severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) include intravenous cyclosporine, which is frequently burdened by toxicity, or colectomy. Preliminary data suggest a benefit of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (Infliximab) therapy in patients with steroid refractory UC. Thirteen patients with severe UC, refractory to therapy with methyl-prednisolone, 60 mg IV daily were treated with a single intravenous infusion of Infliximab 5 mg/kg. Ten out of 13 patients (77%) had a clinical response to therapy defined by a CAI < or = 10 on two consecutive days. Two patients (15%) underwent total colectomy because of clinical worsening; one patient refused surgery and was lost to follow-up. Infusion with Infliximab produced no significant adverse events. The mean time of follow-up was 25.6 months (range 17-24); in this period of time 8 out of 10 patients (80%) maintained clinical remission and were able to discontinue corticosteroids therapy. Infliximab appears to be an effective agent for inducing long standing remission in refractory patients with severe UC.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of refractory fistulizing pouchitis with infliximab.

UNLABELLED: This study provides the long-term follow-up data on the efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of chronic refractory pouchitis complicated by fistulae following ileo-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Seven patients (4 F, 3 M) with chronic refractory pouchitis complicated by fistulae were included in an open study. Pouchitis was diagnosed by clinical plus endoscopical and histological criteria. Fistulae were: pouch-bladder in 1, vaginal in 3, perianal in 2, both vaginal and perianal in 1 patient. Extraintestinal manifestations were present in 4 patients. All the patients were refractory to antibiotics (3 patients also to steroids). Crohn's disease was carefully excluded in all patients after re-evaluation of the history, re-examination of the original proctocolectomy specimen, examination of the proximal small bowel. Patients received Infliximab 5 mg/kg at 0, 2 and 6 weeks. Azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) was also started for all patients as bridge therapy. Clinical response was classified as complete, partial, and no response. Fistulae closure was classified as complete, partial, and no closure. The pouchitis disease activity index (PDAI) and quality of life (QoL) were also used as outcome measures. RESULTS: Clinically, all patients improved. At 10-week follow-up, 6 out of 7 patients had a complete clinical response, and 5 out of 7 patients had complete fistulae closure. At 10- week follow-up, median PDAI dropped from 12 (baseline) (range, 10-15) to 5 (range, 3-8); median QoL decreased from 37 (range, 33-40) to 14 points (range, 9-18), respectively. Extraintestinal manifestations (erythema nodosum and arthralgiae) completely remitted soon after the first infusion of infliximab. Clinical response and fistulae closure were maintained in the long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These results seem indicate that infliximab plus azathioprine may be recommended for the treatment of refractory pouchitis complicated by fistulae following IPAA for UC.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A passive hemagglutination test for detecting bovine serum albumin antibodies.

A microtiter passive hemagglutination test is described for detecting and titrating antibodies in chickens. Chicken erythrocytes are coated with antigen (bovine serum albumin = BSA) in the presence of 0.25% glutaraldehyde. Such sensitized erythrocytes are agglutinated in the presence of antibodies against BSA. The sensitivity and specificity of the test are not affected by salt concentrations in the range of 0.9-9%. This test measures the course of antibody response in chickens immunized with BSA.

Animals↗