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Biomedical subjects

A Koch

Publications and source records attributed to A Koch.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Expression of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, -DP, -DQ, and of HLA-D-associated invariant chain (Ii) in non-neoplastic mammary epithelium, fibroadenoma, adenoma, and carcinoma of the breast.

Non-neoplastic mammary gland, 20 benign tumors and 206 carcinomas of the breast were immunohistochemically examined for expression of HLA-A, -B, -C, HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ molecules and the HLA-D associated invariant chain (Ii). In contrast to cells from benign lesions, tumor cells of 51.2% of carcinomas had an abnormally low content of HLA-A, -B, and -C determinants ranging from reduction of antigenic density per cell (28.8%) over an incomplete (15.6%) to complete loss of antigens (6.8%). Associated with lymphohistiocytic stromal infiltrates, HLA-D/Ii determinants were found to be induced in benign duct and acinar epithelium after the order Ii greater than or equal to HLA-DR greater than or equal to HLA-DP greater than or equal to HLA-DQ. These antigens were also expressed, mostly noncoordinately, in 55.5% of carcinomas, and in 98 cases according to the above order. In 28.6%, Ii expression clearly exceeded HLA-D antigen expression; conversely, 6.2% contained HLA-DR+/Ii- tumor cell subsets. In breast carcinoma, the association of reduced HLA-A, -B, and -C expression and a noninduction of HLA-DR was highly significant (P less than 0.0009), suggesting an abnormal signal acting down-regulating on the expression of both classes of antigens. Because the modality of HLA-A, -B, and -C and HLA-D/Ii expression correlated with neither tumor type nor grade, it might be an independent parameter.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1988

Long-term weight loss maintenance: assessment of a behavioral and supplemented fasting regimen.

This analysis assessed 18-30-month weight loss maintenance following treatment with both behavior modification and supplemented fasting procedures for 400 patients. Fifty-five per cent of the patients who started treatment discontinued prior to completing the program. Patients who completed treatment lost a mean of 83.9 per cent of their excess weight, but regained an average of 59 per cent to 82 per cent of their initial excess weight by 30 months following start of treatment. The combination of behavior modification and supplemented fasting regimens was a successful means of effecting weight loss. However, there appeared to be limited weight loss maintenance. Behavioral epidemiological studies are needed to identify variables responsible for maintenance of weight loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Current significance of Gram's stain in the treatment of ENT infections in the clinic and general practice].

The aim of our investigations was to evaluate the current importance of Gram's stain in ENT infections. This long established easy microbiological method was compared with culture and sensitivity tests. For this purpose 549 Gram's stains were performed on 384 patients. In 88.8% of the cases Gram's stains gave reliable information in a few minutes so that a correct and effective antimicrobial treatment could be started. In 5.7% no pathogen could be found using a Gram's stain, probably because the concentration was too low (10(5)/ml) whereas a pathogen could be cultured in these cases. However culture revealed microbiological information in 11.5% of the cases that was unreliable or even misleading in deciding treatment. In conclusion, Gram's stain is a very cheap, quick and easy method which has been forgotten by many clinicians but which is sufficient as the only microbiological method in uncomplicated ENT infections and is of great importance for a correct interpretation of the results of culture in severe infections. In life-threatening cases it may even be of a crucial value.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

[A case report of actinomycosis of the lung].

This is the report about a case of the infrequently observed actinomycosis of the lung from the clinical-surgical and pathological-anatomical standpoint. Considering existing publications the picture of the disease is described with this case. In consequence of misinterpretation of clinical-cytological and histological findings and of the picture of the disease during seven months of the postoperative phase a progressive generalized actinomycosis developed. The problems and causes of the error are discussed, also the possibilities to recognize this disease. The difficulties in giving a diagnosis are shown. The protracted illness could be cured in spite of the late start of appropriate therapy.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1986

Brain serotonin levels and metabolism in the non-hibernating bulbectomized European hamster.

Serotonin levels and turnover were measured in different brains areas of full bulbectomized and partially bulbectomized European hamsters and their controls. Full bulbectomized hamsters did not hibernate and ate more than the two other groups in which hibernation patterns were similar. The levels of serotonin were of the same magnitude in the three groups. The turnover rates were slower in amygdala and hypothalamus in the full lesioned animals. These results were discussed for their implications in the mechanism of entrance into hibernation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux following repair of esophageal atresia.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was looked for retro- and prospectively by various diagnostic methods in 67 patients, subdivided into three groups according to age at time of investigation. Pathological reflux was found in only one-quarter of the patients aged 16-23 years, but in three-quarters of both younger groups followed up for 1.5-14 years so far. Whereas pathological findings were most frequently disclosed by manometry in the older patients, radiological findings were most often decisive in younger patients. Following closure of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistulas and resection of anastomotic stenoses, eight patients developed reflux complications during the first months of life; these were so severe that antireflux plasty became unavoidable. Factors influencing the incidence of GER following esophageal repair were: the definition of GER based on the diagnostic method employed, the patient's age at the time of diagnosis, and anastomotic complications requiring a second operation. The essential time for treatment was the first year of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Timentin--clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation in otorhinolaryngology.

The efficacy and tolerance of Timentin was studied in 41 patients with various infections of the ears, nose and throat. The pharmacokinetics of Timentin were determined in pus, mucosa and polyps of the nose and paranasal sinuses, the tonsils and submandibular gland as well as in the interstitial fluid collected in Redon vacuum drainage. Experimental pharmacokinetic studies in the guinea pig were performed in the inner ear and eye fluids and in serum. Ticarcillin and clavulanic acid concentrations were determined by a microbiological micromethod. The clinical studies demonstrated that Timentin was very effective and well tolerated. The clinical and experimental pharmacokinetic studies provide a good explanation of this high degree of effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Significance of esophageal manometry and long-term pH monitoring for the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in infancy and childhood.

From examinations and clinical observations of 40 infants and a varying number of children from 2 to 11 years who all had characteristic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), an attempt was made to establish the diagnostic contribution of esophageal manometry and long-term pH monitoring. A correlation between decreased resting pressure (less than or equal to 12 mmHg), or a sphincter insufficiency, and the degree of reflux symptoms was completely absent in infancy and increased only very slightly in young children. The most influential pH monitoring parameters were reflux during sleep, beyond 2 h postprandial, and during crying. These correlated most with the symptoms in infants. On the other hand, clinical developments were independent of the extent of the pH monitoring findings.

Child↗
PubMed1985

[Trials for optimization of the culture conditions of human pathogenic trypanosomas and leishmania].

Due to the extended political, cultural and economic relations with tropical countries a good knowledge of tropical diseases is required. Since the direct parasitological diagnosis is superior to the serological one it seems logical to improve the culture conditions for laboratory diagnosis and for immunological and chemotherapeutical tests. Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) and Leishmania donovani (kala-azar) were tested in vitro. Enlargement of the culture surface at the same volume of the medium at 22 degrees C yielded an increase in the number of protozoa by 100%. When blood of different animal species was added to the medium, rabbit blood and that of other rodents such as rat and mouse showed the highest rate of growth. By using the newly developed semi-defined medium 4 as overlay and as monophasic medium high rates of growth were obtained similar to those obtained with known complex media. Therefore, no further import of relevant substances is necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in perilymph, aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid].

Since metronidazole is very effective against anaerobic bacteria, we studied its pharmacokinetics in perilymph, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humour, and serum. 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 16.5 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg metronidazole to six groups of six guinea pigs each, we determined the drug concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In the serum, 1, 2 and 16.5 hours after application, drug levels of 194 +/- 22 mg/l, 127 +/- 54 mg/l and 2 +/- 1 mg/l respectively were found. Half-life was 6 hours. Similar high and long-lasting concentrations could be determined in the aqueous humour, cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph. In contrast to our findings with aminoglycoside antibiotics, beta lactam antibiotics and fosfomycin, we could not observe any retention of metronidazole in the perilymph.

Animals↗