[Semiautomatic method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides in autoanalyzers of the VEB Combinat MLW].
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Autoanalysis↗
Biomedical subjects
A Knorr
Publications and source records attributed to A Knorr.
Influence of stimulation of myocardial alpha- as well as beta-adrenoceptors on the effect of digoxin in isolated electrically driven rabbit papillary muscles.
On isolated electrically driven rabbit papillary muscle the cardiac glycoside digoxin was infused at driving rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Hz. Two effective concentrations of digoxin were determined: 1. that inducing the maximal inotropic effect (maximal inotropic concentration) and 2, that causing cardiac arrest (toxic concentration). The influence of the alpha-sympathomimetic drug phenylephrine and for comparison that of the beta-sympathomimetic drug isoprenaline on either concentration of digoxin was investigated. 1. Stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors by phenylephrine at a rate of 0.5 Hz significantly decreased the maximal inotropic as well as the toxic concentration of digoxin by about 36%; this decrease was maximal under the influence of the EC25 of phenylephrine and could be blocked by phentolamine. Phenylephrine did not alter the maximal inotropic effect of digoxin. At a stimulus rate of 1.0 Hz the EC75 of phenylephrine still diminished significantly the effective concentrations of digoxin whereas under these conditions the EC25 was ineffective. At 2.0 Hz stimulation of myocardial alpha-adrenoceptors had no effect anymore on either the maximal inotropic or the toxic concentration of digoxin. 2. In contrast, stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors by isoprenaline at a driving rate of 2.0 Hz resulted in a pronounced decrease of maximal inotropic and toxic concentration of digoxin while the maximal positive inotropic effect exerted by digoxin was found to be not altered by isoprenaline. The decrease of the effective concentration of digoxin caused by isoprenaline was abolished by pindolol. At a driving rate of 1.0 Hz this effect was slightly attenuated but was completely absent at 0.5 Hz. 3. From these results it can be concluded that stimulation of either adrenoceptor, alpha- and beta-, increases the effectiveness of the cardiac glycoside digoxin, i.e. diminishes the maximal inotropic as well as its toxic concentration. While stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors is effective only at low rates of stimulation that of beta-adrenoceptors is vice versa at higher ones, thus supporting the view of different mechanisms underlying stimulation of alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors.
Animals↗
On the importance of external calcium for sinus node automaticity in spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria.
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Action Potentials↗
Demonstration in human atrial preparations of alpha-adrenoceptors mediating positive inotropic effects.
In isolated, electrically driven right auricular strips of the human heart the inotropic effect of phenylephrine was studied. 1. First, the influence of the driving rate on the tension developed (i.e., the frequency-force relationship) was determined by stimulation of the preparations at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 HZ. The force of contraction was lowest at a stimulation rate of 0.1 HZ (36.9 g/g dry weight). The maximally developed force of contraction observed at frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 2 HZ amounted to about 200 g/g dry weight. The values did not significantly differ from each other. 2. The negative log of the EC50 (-log EC50) for the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine determined at a frequency of 0.5 and 1.0 HZ amounted to 5.28 +/- 0.08 and 5.34 +/- 0.11, respectively. The alpha-adrenolytic drug phentolamine (3 x 10(-6) M) diminished significantly the -log EC50 to 5.01 +/- 0.04 and 4.89 +/- 0.10, respectively. 3. At a frequency of 1 HZ a shift of the concentration-response curve to the right was observed after treatment with the beta-adrenolytic drug pindolol (3 x 10(-8) M); the -log EC50 of phenylephrine decreased significantly to 4.08 +/- 0.07. 4. From these results it is concluded that alpha-adrenoceptors are present in human atria; they mediate positive inotropic effects and are stimulated by phenylephrine.
Heart↗
[Automatic processing of laboratory data using a process computer at the Dresden Medical Academy].
The prerequisites for the use of electronic data processing apparatuses in the laboratory diagnostics are explained and principal demands are formulated which are to be made to a laboratory organisation system supported by electronic data processing on the side of the clinic. The description of the project "LOL 2" practised at the Medical Academy Dresden deals above all with the demands of the laboratory, the establishment of findings referred to series and patients and their transmission to the requirer using the teleprinting technics. The first step of the practical use of this project is also used in the district hospitals Cottbus and Görlitz. The aim of this development is a comprehensive information system for the communication process between ward and laboratory.
Academies and Institutes↗
On the presence of myocardial alpha-adrenoceptors in the atrium of the guinea pig.
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Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Ultrafast nonlinear sub-wavelength solid immersion spectroscopy at T = 8 K: an alternative to nonlinear scanning near-field optical microscopy.
Pump-probe measurements were performed with a subwavelength spatial resolution of 355 nm and a temporal resolution of 130 fs in a multiple quantum well sample at T= 8 K. A solid immersion lens was used to increase the spatial resolution to 0.41 lambda, demonstrating that the limit of conventional microscopy was surpassed.
Animals↗
In situ control of cardiotomy suction reduces blood trauma.
Cardiotomy suction is known for its deleterious effects on formed and unformed blood elements. The authors investigated an "intelligent" remote controlled automatic suction system. A suction cannula with an optic sensor at its tip was connected to a special closed cardiotomy reservoir. Contact with blood immediately generated a reservoir vacuum from 0 to -100 mmHg, permitting aspiration until the blood was no longer detected (automatic shut off). Blood trauma was evaluated in a bovine model, comparing the automatic suction system vs standard continuous aspiration (control) adjusted to -100 mmHg. After full systemic heparinization, five calves (weight, 62.5 +/- 4.4 kg) for the automatic suction system group, and four (weight, 62.8 +/- 5.1 kg) for the control group, were equipped with a jugular cannula connected via a roller pump to the cardiotomy reservoir. Through a small thoracotomy, a standardized hole was created in the right atrium, allowing for a blood loss of approximately 400 ml/min. The suction cannula was placed into the chest cavity in a fixed position. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals for cell count and chemistry. Lactate dehydrogenase values, for the automatic suction system and the control groups, respectively, expressed as percent of baseline value, were 88 +/- 14 vs 116 +/- 22 after 1 hr; 94 +/- 16 vs 123 +/- 23 after 2 hr; and 97 +/- 19 vs 140 +/- 48 after 3 hr (p < 0.05). Values for free hemoglobin in plasma (percent of baseline value), for the automatic suction system and the control groups, respectively, were 102 +/- 18 vs 200 +/- 69 after 1 hr; 98 +/- 29 vs 163 +/- 37 after 2 hr; and 94 +/- 37 vs 179 +/- 42 after 3 hr (p < 0.05). Compared with a standard continuous aspiration system, in situ regulation of suction significantly reduces blood trauma.
Animals↗
Factors involved in the antihypertensive action of calcium antagonists.
The main mechanism underlying the antihypertensive action of calcium antagonists is believed to be the vasodilation of peripheral vessels. To compare the effects of calcium antagonists with those of other vasodilators, nifedipine or its antihypertensive analog nitrendipine were tested in different normotensive and hypertensive rat strains and situations. The acute blood-pressure-lowering effect of nifedipine in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat was characterized by a rapid onset of action, the minimal effective oral dosage (0.1 mg/kg) being effective for up to 6 hours. Nifedipine was approximately 3 times more potent than hydralazine and equipotent to, but of shorter duration of action than, minoxidil. Natriuretic activity in normotensive Wistar and hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats was observed with nitrendipine after an acute saline load (30 ml/kg by mouth), whereas vasodilators such as minoxidil and hydralazine decreased renal function under these conditions. Treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with nifedipine in food (315 parts per million) for 60 weeks prevented the development of hypertension and resulted in decreased plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in comparison to untreated SHR controls. Moreover, absolute and relative heart weights were reduced in the treated rats. Results suggest that the antihypertensive action of calcium antagonists, at least those of the dihydropyridine type, is not only due to peripheral vasodilation, since in contrast to other vasodilators a hyperdynamic circulation is not induced, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is not activated, and sodium/volume retention cannot be expected because of a primary natriuretic effect. Therefore, a reduced volume load in addition to the decrease in afterload contributes to the antihypertensive effect of calcium antagonists and their prevention of heart hypertrophy.
Aldosterone↗