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Biomedical subjects

A Klinger

Publications and source records attributed to A Klinger.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Fertility and family planning in Hungary.

Hungary's birth rate has been declining fairly steadily since World War II, and Hungarian population policy is aimed at increasing fertility to at least replacement level through social, health, and economic benefits to encourage childbearing. Figures for the mid-1970s indicate that birth rates have been rising. Whether these recorded increases may be permanent is examined through analyses of data on Hungarian fertility since 1900 and through retrospective and prospective surveys of family planning attitudes and practice. Both fertility statistics and surveys of family-size desires document a trend toward the two-child family and a birth rate too low to achieve the desired net reproduction rate of more than one. The surveys also show that family planning has become more prevalent in recent decades, and previously heavy reliance on abortion and traditional contraception is increasingly giving way to use of modern contraceptives.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Main results of recent Hungarian family planning studies.

The Hungarian Central Statistical Office has carried out five different sample surveys in the last fifteen years for investigating more closely questions of fertility, family planning and birth control. The study summarizes the main findings. Some of these surveys applied retrospective methods to investigate fertility, family planning and birth control bahaviour of females in the past. Surveys of another type tried to reveal in perspective manner, with longitudinal observation of the couples, changes which took place in family planning and birth control ideas and practice. The main purpose of recent population policy measures was to ensure simple reproduction of the population. As a result of the measures taken in 1974 to increase the number of births the birth-rate went up significantly. This increase (30% as compared to 1973) appeared primarily for the second birth which constitutes 62% of the increment in births in 1974, 31% is accounted for by an 11% increase in the first births. The number of third births rose by 13% and their relative share remained 10%. The number of fourthand further births did not increase and their relative share decreased by 1%. Fertility data of 1974 show that the birth-rate increase was not in line with the intended aim, i.e. it was not the number of third births that increased. The net reproduction coefficient showing long-range growth of the population calculated with birth-rate of 1974, has developed favourably, it was over unity for the first time since 1958 (it was about 1.05). The birth-rate increased in 1974 in every age-group of females. The largest increase (19%) occurred for females 25-34 years old. Though it was 16% also for females under 24. According to a sample survey investigating the number of intended children by married females under 35 it did not increase as compared to data of previous surveys of similiar character. The differences is that the proportion of those who wished to have two children increased, while of those who wished to have one or three and more children decreased. The study deals also with changes in the relative shares of intended children by females under 35 who are now to be married. In the concluding part of the study the femeles' attitude to birth control and changes in this field are discussed.

Birth Rate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extended family, immediate family and caregiver contacts of 100-year-old patients in Hungary].

In the year 1987, 218 centenarians lived in Hungary. First the main demographic data were reported by the surveyors of the Central Statistics Office. The basis of the experience was gained on a limited population (123 subjects). The physicians' team was organized by the Gerontology Center of the Semmelweis University of Medicine. They carried out the detailed medical and environmental check-up. The medical and environmental experiences of the gerontologists were published (1). In our present paper we would like to show the different familial and other relationships of the oldest people. The 123 centenarians were scattered over the whole country, altogether in 67 larger or smaller settlements. More of them lived with a daughter (42%), with a son (14%), with a grandchild (7%), with other relatives (5%) and 3 persons lived together with their wives. We found that the subjects who lived with relatives had a better chance to live an active and meaningful life. The co-existence of several generations, the multilateral contacts of centenarians have a beneficial effect on the quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗