Biomedical subjects
A Kim
Publications and source records attributed to A Kim.
Fatal Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a compromised host.
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Evaluation of the activated clotting time to control heparin andprotamine dosage in open-heart surgery.
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[Treatment of myxoedema heart using implantable cardiac pacemaker (author's transl)].
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Glycosidases of marine invertebrates from Posiet Bay, Sea of Japan.
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[Staining of human chromosomes with acetic-acid-quinacrine].
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Immunization schedules for potent rabbit antisera to leukemia L1210.
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Phenylpiperidine opioid antagonists that promote weight loss in rats have high affinity for the kappa 2B (enkephalin-sensitive) binding site.
Certain opioid antagonists of the phenylpiperidine series (PPAs), such as LY255582, seem uniquely efficacious at producing weight loss in lean and meal-fed obese Zucker rats. Comparison of the pharmacological and receptor binding profile of PPAs that promote marked weight loss with those that do not has failed to find any obvious differences between these two groups of narcotic antagonists, which might explain the differences in their biological activities. The potent stimulatory effect of dynorphin, and other kappa agonists, on feeding behavior suggests that the antagonists that promote weight loss might have high affinity for kappa receptors. The recent demonstration by several laboratories of kappa receptor heterogeneity prompted us to test the hypothesis that the antagonists that promote weight loss might have high affinity for a subtype of kappa binding sites. In the present study, therefore, we determined the Ki values of five PPAs, naloxone, and naltrexone at mu, delta, kappa 1, kappa 2a, and kappa 2b binding sites. The data indicate that antagonists have subnanomolar Ki values and high selectivity for the kappa 2b binding site (relative to the kappa 2a binding site) are efficacious at promoting weight loss.
Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cochlear sensory cells: otoprotective strategies.
Apoptosis is an important process, both for normal development of the inner ear and for removal of oxidative-stress damaged sensory cells from the cochlea. Oxidative-stressors of auditory sensory cells include: loss of trophic factor support, ischemia-reperfusion, and ototoxins. Loss of trophic factor support and cisplatin ototoxicity, both initiate the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. The interaction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals with membrane phospholipids of auditory sensory cells creates aldehydic lipid peroxidation products. One of these aldehydes, 4-hydroxynonenal, functions as a mediator of apoptosis for both auditory neurons and hair cells. We present several approaches for the prevention of auditory sensory loss from reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis: 1) preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species; (2) neutralizing the toxic products of membrane lipid peroxidation; and 3) blocking the damaged sensory cells' apoptotic pathway.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of primary pulmonary paraganglioma. A case report.
BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary paragangliomas are rare tumors. To our knowledge, there is no prior report on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in pulmonary paraganglioma. CASE: A 34-year-old man presented with an incidentally found solitary pulmonary mass. FNAC showed papillarylike clusters of epithelioid cells with round to oval nuclei, evenly dispersed chromatin, micronucleoli and occasional anisonucleosis. These cytologic features were suggestive of a sclerosing hemangioma or bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. A right lower lobectomy revealed a primary pulmonary paraganglioma. CONCLUSION: The possibility of pulmonary paraganglioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of FNAC showing pseudopapillary clusters of epithelioid cells.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast. Experience at an outpatient breast clinic.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast at our institution and to perform quality assurance. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred forty-six cases with pathologic confirmation were selected and reviewed. A pathologist performed most of the aspirations at an outpatient breast clinic. We correlated cytologic and histologic findings and evaluated the influence of the size, location, grade, and pathologic subtypes and fibrosis in breast lesions on diagnostic results. RESULTS: The likelihood ratios for malignant, suspicious, atypical, benign and unsatisfactory cytologic diagnoses were 98.71, 5.48, 1.09, 0.07 and 0.55, respectively. The absolute and complete sensitivities for malignant lesions were 64.5% and 90.3%, respectively. The specificity was 71.9%. False negative and positive rates were 4.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The predictive value for a malignant cytologic diagnosis was 98.4%. The rate of unsatisfactory samples was 9.3%. The rate of concordance between cytologic and histologic diagnosis was lower for large and diffusely growing lesions (benign and malignant), for malignancies with abundant fibrosis and of unusual types and for carcinomas of low grade. All axillary and recurrent chest wall lesions were diagnosed cytologically. Cell block sections were useful in a small number of cases. CONCLUSION: Understanding the performance and limitations of FNAC can enhance its value as a diagnostic technique in the management of breast disease.
Effect of acute blood loss on glycosylated hemoglobin determinations in normal subjects.
Nondiabetic adult subjects (N = 12) were studied to determine the effect of an approximately 450-ml acute blood loss upon glycosylated hemoglobin measurements. After blood loss, the hematocrit significantly decreased by week 1 (P less than 0.001) and the reticulocyte count peaked by week 2. All glycosylated hemoglobins measured showed significant decreases post blood loss. The nadir was at week 4 for total A1, A1c, and irreversible A1c by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and at week 6 for irreversible A1 by HPLC and A1 by electrophoresis. The mean percent decrease in glycosylated hemoglobins ranged from 4.6% (irreversible A1 by HPLC) to 8.6% (total A1c by HPLC).
Differences in perinatal transmission among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genotypes.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether genotypes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes A, C, or D or intersubtype recombinants have the same probability of being transmitted from mother to child. METHODS: We determined the HIV-1 genetic subtype and maternal risk factors of 51 matched transmitting and nontransmitting mothers from Tanzania. The HIV-1 gag (p24-p7) and env (C2-C5) nucleotide sequences were used for genotype classification, and matched logistic regression analysis was used to assess differences among genotypes. RESULTS: Mothers infected with HIV-1 subtype A (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 0.8-24.7%), HIV-1 subtype C (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.3-30.8%), or HIV-1 intersubtype recombinant viruses (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.2-33.4%) were more likely to transmit HIV-1 to their infants than mothers infected with HIV-1 subtype D. Lower CD4 cell counts at enrollment were associated with transmission, but CD4 cell counts within each genotype did not explain differences in transmission among HIV-1 genotypes. CONCLUSION: We have shown that HIV-1 genotypes might be associated with differential risk for vertical transmission. These findings provide the first evidence that HIV-1 genetic subtypes may play a role in rates of vertical transmission in an African setting.
Early radiographic differentiation of infantile tibia vara from physiologic bowing using the femoral-tibial ratio.
SUMMARY: The authors hypothesized that the ratio of the femoral to tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angles (femoral-tibial ratio [FTR]) more accurately differentiates physiologic bowing from infantile tibial vara than the tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (TMDA). The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine the false-negative and false-positive error rate of the FTR and TMDA; to determine to the effect of rotation on the FTR and TMDA; and to determine the reliability of the FTR and TMDA measurements. An FTR < 1 resulted in a false-negative error rate of 10% and a false-positive error rate of 7%, whereas a TMDA > 13 degrees resulted in a false-negative error rate of 23% and a false-positive error rate of 10%. The difference between internal and external rotation was not significant for the FTR, whereas it was for the TMDA. The FTR was found to have good interobserver and intraobserver reliability (0.78 and 0.98, respectively).
CAPD peritonitis due to Brevundimonas vesicularis.
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Lamellar body count in amniotic fluid as a rapid screening test for fetal lung maturity.
We conducted a 2-year prospective clinical outcome study to evaluate the usefulness of amniotic fluid lamellar body count (LBC) as a screening test for fetal lung maturity. During the interval under study, outcomes of 170 neonates were used to evaluate the test; 14 neonates had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Both LBC and lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio) test results were available in 129 cases. All the cases of RDS had LBC of 50,000/microliter or less and L/S ratio of 2.8 or less; 72.7% of cases with no RDS had LBC greater than 50,000/microliter, and 80.4% of normal cases had L/S ratio higher than 2.8. LBC test results showed good correlation with L/S ratio test results between 26 weeks and 33 weeks of gestation (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). With the cutoff value of 50,000/microliter for LBC, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 80%, respectively. Determining LBC by cell counter is justified as a useful rapid initial screening test for the assessment of fetal lung maturity.