Biomedical subjects

A Kikuta

Publications and source records attributed to A Kikuta.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[The clinical effect of factor XIII on drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis].

The therapeutic effects of Factor XIII (F XIII) concentrate against drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) was investigated. HC occurred in 4 children with malignant disease during anti-cancer chemotherapy. Two (CML and T-ALL) of 4 patients developed HC after the administration of high dose cyclophosphamide as conditioning for allo bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell autografts, and the other 2 patients (rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilm's tumor) developed HC after the administration of ifosfamide for relapse. When F XIII concentrate at a dose of 20 to 230 U/kg was administrated immediately after the onset of HC, the symptoms, i.e., bladder irritability and macrohematuria disappeared within a few days. The F XIII serum levels of those patients were low (27-57%), and the levels increased (63-230%) after administration of F XIII concentrate. The two patients with relapsed solid tumor showed no symptoms of HC during subsequent ifosfamide treatment when F XIII concentrate was administrated to maintain a normal F XIII range. These results suggest that the administration of F XIII concentrate may be useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of drug-induced HC in patients with a low F XIII level.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM 1) mucin is expressed by lactating mammary gland epithelial cells and is present in milk.

Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM 1) is a mucinlike endothelial glycoprotein that acts as an adhesive ligand for L selectin by presenting one or more O-linked carbohydrates to the lectin domain of this leukocyte cell surface selectin. The GlyCAM 1 glycoprotein has been previously shown to be expressed specifically by the endothelial cells of peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes and in an unknown site in lung. Here we report that this protein is also expressed during lactation by mammary epithelial cells. Northern blot analysis has shown that the mRNA for GlyCAM 1 appears to be induced during pregnancy in a manner similar to that previously described for hormonally induced milk proteins. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that the site of GlyCAM 1 synthesis in the mammary gland is in the epithelial cells that produce these same milk proteins. Immunohistochemistry of mammary glands using antisera directed against GlyCAM 1 peptides demonstrates that these epithelial cells contain GlyCAM 1 protein, and that this protein is also found lumenally in the milk of the secreting mammary gland. Analysis of murine milk shows that immunoreactive GlyCAM 1 is found in the soluble whey fraction. Finally, labeling analysis of milk GlyCAM 1 has demonstrated that this form of the glycoprotein lacks the sulfate-modified carbohydrate that has recently been shown to be required for the ligand binding activity to L selectin. The nonsulfated mammary GlyCAM 1 is unable to interact with L selectin, consistent with the hypothesis that milk GlyCAM 1 has a different function than endothelial GlyCAM 1. These data thus suggest that milk GlyCAM 1 is a hormonally regulated milk protein that is part of the milk mucin complex. In addition, the finding that the mammary form of GlyCAM 1 contains different carbohydrate modifications than the endothelial form suggests that this glycoprotein may be a scaffold for carbohydrates that mediate functions in addition to cell adhesion.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Microvasculature of growing and atretic follicles in the rabbit ovary: a SEM study of corrosion casts.

Rabbit ovarian microvasculature, with particular regard to developing and atretic follicles, was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts. The microvascular network of the follicles was arranged in typical round plexuses of varying shape and size. Four different morphological types of vascular plexuses supplied the follicles: Type 1 (100-250 microns in diameter) consisted of a simple net of thin capillaries that delimited a small empty central cavity. Type 2 (diameter > 250 microns) consisted of a multilayered capillary wall delimiting a large empty central cavity. This wall presented an inner layer made of uniformly distributed dilated and tortuous capillaries with numerous angiogenetic sprouts. Type 3 (diameter of 100-300 microns) lacked the central cavity and comprised randomly arranged thin capillaries. Type 4 (diameter > 250 microns) consisted of a multilayered capillary wall delimiting a central cavity. Its inner layer was made of capillaries not homogeneous in size and course (thin in some areas, sinusoidal in others, sometimes highly dilated). In addition, the wall showed large interruptions (avascular areas) and focal invasion of the central cavity by newly formed vessels. Types 1 and 2 showed the gradual transformation of thin capillaries into sinusoids as has been demonstrated in evolutive follicles. Types 3 and 4, described here for the first time, probably represent the vascular supply to atretic follicles. In particular, Type 3 supplied follicles undergoing obliterating atretic degeneration, whereas Type 4 supplied atretic follicles with hypertrophy of the theca layer. In fact, follicular atresia is a pleiomorphic phenomenon which ends in a regression of the follicles (obliterant atresia), but which may induce a temporary follicular hyperactivation (luteinizing atresia). These changes in the microvasculature prelude the formation of the so called "interstitial gland of the ovary". Furthermore, these data prove that: 1) both thecal capillary vasodilatation and angiogenetic processes basically support the gradual increase of ovarian blood flow during follicle growth; 2) microvascular changes of atretic follicles are possibly related to a type of inflammatory reaction since they seem to be a consequential rather than primary cause of atresia.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

The insulo-acinar portal and insulo-venous drainage systems in the pancreas of the mouse, dog, monkey and certain other animals: a scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts.

Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts of the pancreas from monkies, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs and mice showed certain species differences in the occurrence of intralobular and interlobular islets and in the microcirculatory pattern of these islets. Interlobularly located islets were frequently found in the mouse and guinea pig, as has been previously established in the rat (Murakami and Fujita, 1992); they emitted insulo-venous efferent vessels directly draining into veins. In contrast, the intralobular islets in the guinea pig usually issued insulo-acinar portal vessels continuous with the lobular capillary network. In the mouse, they usually emitted both the insulo-acinar portal and insulo-venous efferent vessels. The insulo-venous efferent vessels, including those of the interlobular islets, could partly be portal in nature since they occasionally issued portal branches directed to the lobular capillary network. In rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cattle and monkies, as in men (Murakami et al., 1992), essentially all islets in the pancreas were intralobular in location and usually emitted the portal vessels only. In the mouse and rabbit, as in the rat (Murakami and Fujita, 1992), the islet received afferent vessels in its superficial aspect and issued efferent vessels from its deep aspect. In the Formosan monkey, as previously reported in the rhesus monkey (Fujita and murakami, 1973), the afferent vessels usually ran deep into the islet which emitted vessels from its superficial aspect. In other animals examined in this study, as in humans (Murakami et al., 1992), no consistent rule concerning the microcirculatory pattern within the islet could be determined.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Neurons with strongly negative-charged surface-coats in adult rat brain as detected by staining with cationic iron colloid.

Light microscopy of tissue sections stained either with cationic iron colloid (pH 1.0-2.0) and nuclear fast red or with this colloid and thionin showed that the adult rat brain contains a considerable number of neurons which are strongly negative-charged by being coated with sulfated proteoglycans such as chondroitin sulfates. These neurons are distributed mainly in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, zona incerta, medial and lateral cerebellar nuclei, ventral pontine nuclei and certain other areas. In the hippocampal formation, the strongly negative-charged cells seem identical with the GABAergic inhibitory interneurons reactive to the lectin Vicia villosa agglutinin. Neurons, including the GABAergic Purkinje's cells, of the cerebellar cortex showed no reaction to our cationic iron colloid at pH values of 1.0-2.0. Many non-GABAergic pyramidal cells in the lamina ganglionalis of cerebral cortex and many non-GABAergic large neurons of the ventral pontine nuclei were highly reactive to our colloid at pH values of 1.0-2.0. This suggests that our cationic iron colloid at pH values of 1.0-2.0 mainly stains certain subtypes of GABAergic neurons as well as some non-GABAergic neurons projecting long associational or commissural fibers.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Microcirculatory patterns in adult rat cerebral hypophysis: a scanning electron microscope study of replicated specimens.

The blood vascular bed of the cerebral hypophysis in the adult rat was replicated completely or incompletely by arterial injection of different amounts of methacrylate resin, to be observed with a scanning electron microscope. Complete replication confirmed our previous findings (Murakami et al., 1987) on the distribution and structure of the vascular beds in and around the hypophysis of the rat. One long major and several minor portal routes (vide infra) were reproduced sufficiently together with the systemic veins of the posterior lobe. Incomplete replication demonstrated that resin flows: 1) via the long portal vessels from the median eminence and neural stalk to the anterior lobe; 2) via the accessory long portal vessels from the subependyma to the anterior lobe; 3) via the short portal vessels from the posterior lobe to the anterior lobe; 4) via the neuro-intermedial portal vessels from the posterior lobe to the intermediate lobe; 5) via the intermedio-distal portal vessels from the intermediate lobe to the anterior lobe; and 6) via the tuberal portal vessels from the tuberal lobe to the anterior lobe. Incomplete replication also demonstrated that resin in the median eminence and neural stalk is drained preferentially into the anterior lobe via the long portal vessels, and that resin in the posterior lobe is drained mainly into the systemic veins. We were unable to demonstrate a retrograde resin flow from the anterior lobe to the median eminence, subependyma, neural stalk, intermediate lobe and posterior lobe, nor an ascending resin flow from the posterior lobe to the median eminence and subependyma. Also failing to be noted were an ascending resin flow from the hypophysis to the hypothalamus and a descending resin flow from hypothalamus to the hypophysis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

A hydrophilic resin-embedding method for light and electron microscopic detection of tissue anionic sites with cationic colloidal iron: as applied to mouse Paneth cells.

A cationic colloidal iron method was introduced for electron microscopic detection of anionic sites in hydrophilic resin-embedded specimens, and the method was applied to Paneth cells of the mouse jejunum. Mouse jejunal blocks were embedded in hydrophilic acrylic resin (LR White), cut into ultrathin sections, stained with the diluted cationic colloidal iron, and exposed to osmium vapor. The jejunal tissues, including the Paneth cells, embedded in hydrophilic resin were reactive to the fine cationic colloidal iron. At pH value 1.5, fine electron dense colloidal iron deposited along the rims of the secretory granules and the Golgi apparatus of the Paneth cell. Colloidal particles distributed on the osmiophilic reticular structures in the rim and in dot-like fashion lined the border between the granular core and rim. At pH value 4.0, ribosomes reacted to cationic colloidal iron particles in addition to the granular rims and Golgi apparatus. At pH 7.0, even the cores of the secretory granules were stained. Semi-thin sections prepared from the LR White-embedded specimens and stained at pH 1.5 with the diluted (1:3 in volume) cationic colloidal iron showed sufficient Prussian blue reaction for light microscopy in the rims of Paneth granules and mucus of goblet cells. This method is therefore useful for correlative light and electron microscopic detection of tissue anionic sites, including sulfate, carboxyl and phosphate groups, at various pH values.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

The occurrence of rat spinal cord neurons with strongly negative-charged surface coats.

Light microscopy of tissue sections stained with cationic iron colloid (pH 1.0-1.5) showed that the adult rat spinal cord contains some neurons which are provided with strongly negative-charged surface coats. These neurons are distributed preferentially in the posterior and intermediomedial columns of the grey matter. The present study thus supplements our previous study of the rat brain (MURAKAMI et al., 1993b), and proves that the neurons with strongly negative-charged surface coats occur widely in the central nervous system of the adult rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Ectopic kidney in front of the right common iliac artery and its blood vascular supply--a case report.

A discoid-shaped ectopic kidney located in front of the right common iliac artery was observed in a 71-year-old Japanese man. The right kidney was normally positioned, but the left kidney was not observed in the normal position. The ureter of the ectopic kidney descended laterally to the left ductus deferens. The ectopic kidney received three arteries which arose from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta. Two of the arteries supplied the left half of the kidney. The other supplied the right half and gave off two branches to the adipose tissue around the right kidney; these branches meant that this artery belonged to the right side. Venous drainage from the kidney was handled by two veins. One collected venous radicles from the right half of the kidney and flowed into the inferior vena cava; this vein belonged to the right side. The other served the left half and joined with the left lumbar vein, which finally drained into the left common iliac vein; this vein was attributed to the left side. The present ectopic kidney had a left-side ureter, and vascular supply on both the right and left sides. This disunity or dissociation of laterality in the vessels and the ureter seemed to be strongly related to the location of this ectopic kidney in the median region.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Treatment of GVHD after blood transfusion.

In this paper, we summarize methods of treatment of graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allo bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with drugs, which could be applied to the treatment of GVHD after blood transfusion. Corticosteroid, ATG, and cyclosporine have generally been used for the treatment of GVHD after allo BMT. Some of the immunosuppressive drugs, which are newly developed, are useful too. In future, anti-TNF alpha antibodies and anti-IL6 antibodies could be effective in patients with GVHD.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗

PubMed1993

Graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation: clinical feature and diagnosis.

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers the hope of curing heretofore untreatable disease. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of this medical progress which impedes application of marrow grafting a wider range of hematologic disorders. This report describes the clinical and pathologic features of GVHD and presents the clinical grading system for acute GVHD based on degree of target organ involvement. We report an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient relapsed after allogeneic BMT, who received an infusion of donor buffy coat and achieved complete remission of ALL with GVHD. This finding may be due to graft-versus-leukemia effect.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

[Clinical characteristics and treatment results of acute promyelocytic leukemia in children (Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group)].

The clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in 40 children with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated at institutions participating in the Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG) were studied retrospectively. The median age at diagnosis was 8 years old. Bleeding diathesis was the predominant presenting symptom (90%), associated with laboratory findings of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were observed in 35%, 10%, and 15% of the cases, respectively. The median WBC count was 4.25 x 10(9)/l. Anemia (hemoglobin < 8 g/dl) and thrombocytopenia (< 30 x 10(9)/l) were present in more than half of the patients. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated the characteristic 15; 17 translocation in about 90% of the patients analyzed. Induction therapy consisted of cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline, with or without other agents. Twenty-nine patients (73%) achieved complete remission (CR) while early fatal hemorrhage was the predominant cause of induction failure. The survival rates continued to decrease (28% at 3 years, 24% at 5 years, and 7.9% at 10 years) due to late marrow relapses. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity was fatal in three patients in remission. These clinical features of childhood APL should be taken into account in the development of new protocols.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Analysis of cytoplasmic antigens in acute leukemia by flow cytometry].

The expression of cytoplasmic antigens in 77 cases of acute leukemia were analyzed by flow cytometry using the following monoclonal antibodies: CD3, CD22, anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO-7) and anti-mu-heavy chain. CD22 antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of all non-T-ALL patients excluding one not-tested patient. In two patients with unclassified ALL, surface CD22 antigen was not expressed but cytoplasmic CD22 antigen was strongly expressed. Three out of 9 patients with common ALL were cytoplasmic mu-heavy chain-positive, so these patients were diagnosed as Pre-B ALL. In four out of 8 patients with T-ALL, CD3 antigen was not expressed on the cell surface membrane. However all of T-ALL patients excluding one non-tested patient were cytoplasmic CD3-positive. The cytoplasmic expression of myeloperoxidase antigen was detected in twenty out of 21 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). One megakaryocytic leukemia patient was MPO-negative. In two ANLL patients, the percentage of MPO for conventional cytochemical staining was undetectable or low, but MPO antigens were positive (77% and 70%) for flow cytometric analysis. All of 46 non-T ALL patients were cytoplasmic MPO-negative, however 4 out of 10 T-ALL patients were cytoplasmic MPO-positive. The study proved that the analysis of cytoplasmic CD3, CD22, mu-chain and MPO antigens were very useful to define the cell lineage of leukemia and to classify ALL and ANLL. It is necessary to study further whether the expression of MPO in the cytoplasm of T-ALL was non-specific reaction or whether MPO precursors are expressed in the cytoplasm of T-ALL.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Insertions of the lumbrical and interosseous muscles in the human foot.

The lumbrical and interosseous muscles in twenty-five feet of Japanese adult cadavers were dissected. The lumbrical muscles mainly continued into the dorsal aponeuroses or the terminal tendons of the extensor digitorum longus muscle, though they occasionally issued some accessory and slender tendons inserting into the bases of the proximal phalanges. Rarely, the lumbrical muscle showed an atavistic anomaly. In this anomaly, the lumbrical muscle was divided into two tails which continued into the bases of the proximal phalanges of the contiguous toes. The plantar and dorsal interosseous muscles were mainly attached to the bases of the proximal phalanges. Frequently, the plantar and dorsal interosseous muscles issued some accessory and small tendons continuing into the dorsal aponeuroses. This fact suggests that the plantar and dorsal interosseous muscles in the foot, like the palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles in the hand, are composite muscles derived from the flexor brevis, contrahens and other muscles.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Ruthenium red antagonism of the effects of capsaicin mediated by extrinsic sensory nerves on myenteric plexus neurons of the isolated guinea-pig ileum.

The effects of Ruthenium red and its antagonism of capsaicin-induced action on the electrophysiological behavior of myenteric neurons were investigated with intracellular recording techniques in the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Ruthenium red antagonized dose-dependently (1-10 microM) a capsaicin-induced marked long-lasting slow depolarizing action associated with increased input resistance, during which the cells spiked repeatedly or displayed anodal break excitation. This action of capsaicin has been found to be mediated via a release of substance P from sensory nerve endings. The slow depolarizing response to exogenous substance P applied by pressure microejection, which mimicked the capsaicin-induced action, was not affected by Ruthenium red. Therefore, present results indicate that Ruthenium red antagonizes the specific effect of capsaicin on myenteric neurons by acting on the presynaptically located peripheral nerve terminals of sensory neurons and inhibiting the release of substance P. Electron-microscopic examination showed that the neurotoxic action of capsaicin towards extrinsic sensory nerve fibers was also dose-dependently (1-10 microM) protected by pretreatment of ruthenium red. Present results suggest that Ruthenium red inhibits a capsaicin-induced activation of cation channels at the cell membrane of sensory nerves.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Organization of the reticular network of rabbit Peyer's patches.

The organization of the network of collagen fibers of rabbit Peyer's patches was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in alkali-water macerated tissues. The relationship between this network and the reticular cells within it was further studied by SEM of ultrasonicated tissues. Collagen fibrils (about 60 nm in diameter) formed collagen fibers or sheets. There were sheets of collagen fibrils with numerous pores beneath the patch dome epithelium. Within the patches, collagen fibers repeatedly divided and fused, forming the reticular network. The reticular network within the follicle was looser than within the dome, the corona, or the interfollicular area. The latter three compartments showed similar structures and consisted of numerous intercommunicating small subcompartments. Reticular cells were in contact with groups of free cells lodged in these subcompartments within the reticular network. Reticular cell processes with numerous fenestrations embraced not only collage fibers forming the reticular network, but also sheaths of collagen fibers of blood and lymphatic vessels. Sheaths of collagen fibers of high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels were also fenestrated, indicating the sites through which lymphocytes and other free cells migrate. These results indicate that the reticular network of Peyer's patches is organized so as to facilitate migration and lodging of free cells and thus facilitate antigen-to-cell and cell-to-cell interactions during an immune response. The naked areas on the collagen fibers seem to provide a scaffolding for free cells during their migration.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Antigenic analysis of avian Chlamydia psittaci using monoclonal antibodies to the major outer membrane protein.

Monoclonal antibodies to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia psittaci derived from a parrot were established for antigenic analysis of avian C. psittaci. With 17 monoclonal antibodies to MOMP, 17 reactivity patterns were identified on 112 strains of C. psittaci, C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis, which were isolated from birds, mammals and humans in Japan, U.S.A., Canada and Taiwan, from 1938 to 1987. Immunological reactivity of budgerigar-derived strains to the monoclonal antibodies was different from that of pigeon-derived strains. Imported bird-derived strains were distinguishable from domestic bird-derived strains by the reactivity to the monoclonal antibodies. A close relationship between the subtypes and geographic origins was indicated on budgerigar-derived strains. On the contrary, various reactivity patterns were shown in pigeon-derived strains isolated in a narrow area. The monoclonal antibodies established in the present work may be useful probes for ecological study of avian C. psittaci.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Three-dimensional organization of the collagen fibrillar framework in the rat adrenal gland.

The three-dimensional organization of the collagen fibrillar framework in the rat adrenal gland was studied using an alkali-water maceration method and scanning electron microscopy. The structure thus obtained was a continuum of collagen fibril plexuses extending through the adrenal capsule, cortex and medulla. The capsule consisted of finely meshed collagen fibril sheaths and layered, coarsely meshed plexuses of bundles of collagen fibrils. In the cortex, the channels of cortical capillaries were surrounded by thin sheaths of collagen fibrils. Many slender bundles of collagen fibrils extended from these sheaths into intercellular spaces and interconnected adjacent pericapillary sheaths. The collagen fibril sheath tubes precisely reflected the cortical blood vascular architecture; thus the three cortical zones--zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis--were also clearly remarked. In the medulla, collagen fibrils were interwoven into more tightly meshed sheaths around the peripheral radicles and venous tributaries of the central veins. Basket-like collagen fibril sheaths divided the spaces among these tree-like perivascular collagen fibril sheath tubes into round compartments which, in intact tissues, contained chromaffin cell nodules and nervous elements. Small tube-like spaces for housing the medullary capillaries were located in the interstices of contiguous collagen fibril baskets. Besides supporting the organization of the gland, the collagen fibrillar framework in the adrenal gland is believed to play important roles in providing three-dimensionally elaborated extravascular spaces for the diffusion of metabolites and physiological messengers, including hormones.

Adrenal Cortex↗