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Biomedical subjects

A Khan

Publications and source records attributed to A Khan.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Trauma patients in an Indian hospital.

The study was carried out at the Emergency Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, to ascertain the pattern of trauma in the patients. A total of 2446 trauma cases were recorded in the year 1987. Accidental falls were the commonest cause of injury, i.e 35.7%, followed by motor-vehicle collisions (23.5%), pedal cyclists (8%), occupational injuries (5.2%) and sports injuries (5.2%). The commonest age group involved was 5-15 years which accounted for 32.8% of all trauma. Fractures (44%) were the most frequently observed nature of injury. Death due to trauma was highest in motor-vehicle collisions (31%) followed by accidental falls (16%), and occupational injuries (12%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Glucose cycling is markedly enhanced in pancreatic islets of obese hyperglycemic mice.

Pancreatic islets from fed 7-month old lean and obese hyperglycemic mice (ob/ob) were incubated with 3H2O and 5.5 mM or 16.7 mM glucose. Incorporation of 3H into the medium glucose was taken as the measure of glucose-6-P hydrolysis to glucose. Glucose utilization was measured from the yield of 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose. Only 3-4% of the glucose phosphorylated was dephosphorylated by the lean mouse islets irrespective of the glucose concentration. In contrast, the ob/ob mouse islets at 5.5 mM glucose dephosphorylated 18% of the glucose phosphorylated and 30% at 16.7 mM. Thus, the islets of hyperglycemic mice demonstrate increased glucose cycling as compared to the islets of normoglycemic lean mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Transseptal approaches for pituitary surgery.

Our experience with over 147 operations for pituitary disease has given us an opportunity to use and evaluate four separate transseptal approaches. Three approaches have been described previously in the literature: the sublabial transseptal, the open rhinoplasty, and the alotomy with anterior septal dissection. The fourth approach, alotomy with posterior septal dissection, is described here. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed, as are the complications of transseptal surgery. A working knowledge of the various transseptal approaches to the pituitary is imperative for the otolaryngologist who participates in pituitary surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Glucose cycling in islets from healthy and diabetic rats.

Pancreatic islets from healthy (control) and neonatally streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) rats, a model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, were incubated with 3H2O and 5.5 or 16.7 mM glucose. At 5.5 mM glucose, no detectable [3H]glucose was formed. At 16.7 mM, 2.2 patom.islet-1.h-1 of 3H was incorporated into glucose by the control islets and 5.4 patom.islet-1.h-1 by STZ-D islets. About 75% of the 3H was bound to carbon-2 of the glucose. Glucose utilization was 35.3 pmol.islet-1.h-1 by the control and 19.0 pmol.islet-1.h-1 by the STZ-D islets. Therefore, 4.5% of the glucose-6-phosphate formed by the control islets and 15.7% by the STZ-D islets was dephosphorylated. This presumably occurred in the beta-cells of the islets catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase. An increased glucose cycling, i.e., glucose----glucose-6-phosphate----glucose, in islets of STZ-D rats may contribute to the decreased insulin secretion found in these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Corneal vital staining with gentian violet.

We have used 0.5% gentian violet solution as a corneal vital stain in 112 patients with variable degrees of corneal involvements and in 40 normal eyes as control. Gentian violet stained the epithelial defects and degenerated epithelial cells of cornea. The stain persisted 3-5 minutes and disappeared by 8-10 minutes. There was no cross infection from dye use. The dye did not hamper usual process of repair of corneal lesions. It is found highly feasible, with a sensitivity about 100% and specificity about 95%, with some minor side effects. Thus it could be an excellent method in community ophthalmology for early diagnosis of corneal affections, thereby commencing prompt and appropriate treatment in early stage.

Corneal Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary experience with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy monotherapy and bladder calculi.

During the period November 1988 to April 1989, eleven patients with bladder calculi, seen at our Centre, were offered ESWL therapy. However, only eight patients underwent ESWL. One patient passed his stone spontaneously, one requested endoscopic lithotrity as the initial mode of therapy and one underwent transurethral resection of the prostate and simultaneous endoscopic lithotrity of his bladder calculus. This series, though admittedly, small, nevertheless serves to introduce a safe and expeditious modality for the removal of bladder calculi. A high degree of patient acceptance and no treatment failures embolden us to advocate this modality as initial therapy for bladder calculi.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of placebo response during long-term treatment of panic disorder.

Mixed-panic disorder patients (16/60, 27%) randomly assigned to receive blind placebo during a 40-week treatment study were defined as placebo responders based on combined criteria of Hamilton Anxiety Scale score percentage decreases below the median point (-42%), moderate to marked improvement on both clinician and patient Clinical Global Impressions scores, and panic-free at final treatment visit. These criteria applied separately also resulted in a similar clinical grouping and pattern of response. Differential patterns of response between responders and nonresponders occurred across most clinical measures of panic/anxiety. Responders experienced early improvement within the first week of double-blind treatment. This response progressed during treatment and tended to persist during taper and at followup 1 month later. Post-hoc analysis of demographic and clinical features at entrance into the study failed to characterize this stringently defined group of placebo responders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pseudocryptogonimus pakistanensis n. gen., n. sp. (Trematoda: Cryptogonimidae) from the fish Labeo rohita.

Pseudocryptogonimus pakistanensis n.g., n. sp., is described from freshwater fish Labeo rohita from Kalri Lake, Sind, Pakistan. It is characterised by possessing spines at the basal margin of oral sucker; testes, postequatorial, subsymmetrical; vitellaria lateral to ovary in middle of hindbody, confluent in postovarian region and reaching to level of testes; ovary flattened; genital pore antero-lateral to acetabulum; seminal vesicle large and ejaculatory duct long. Subfamily Neochasminae Van Cleave et Mueller, 1932 is being emended.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for the presence of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets of the ob/ob mouse.

Pancreatic islets from ob/ob mice incubated with 3H2O and 5.5 mM glucose formed 3H-labeled glucose, 74 picoatoms incorporated/islet/h. Sixty-three percent of the 3H was bound to carbon 2 of the glucose. The amount of glucose-6-P dephosphorylated to glucose, determined from this incorporation, was 48 pmol/islet/h. Glucose utilization, measured by the formation of 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose, was 72 pmol/islet/h. The amount of glucose dephosphorylated was then about 40% of that phosphorylated. Thus, glucose-6-P is dephosphorylated to glucose to a significant extent by intact islets in vitro and presumably by the beta cells of the islets. The extent of this glucose cycling, i.e. glucose----glucose-6-P----glucose, may play a role in determining the extent of glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lack of selective developmental toxicity of three butanol isomers administered by inhalation to rats.

As part of an ongoing study of the developmental toxicology of industrial alcohols, this report presents the results of the teratology assessments of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and t-butanol administered by inhalation to rats. Groups of approximately 15 Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed at 8000, 6000, 3500, or 0 ppm 1-butanol, 7000, 5000, 3500, or 0 ppm 2-butanol, or 5000, 3500, 2000, or 0 ppm t-butanol for 7 hr/day on Gestation Days 1-19 (sperm = 0). In each case, the highest concentration was selected to produce maternal toxicity. Dams were sacrificed on Gestation Day 20, and fetuses were individually weighed, tagged, and examined for external malformations. One-half of the fetuses were stained and examined for skeletal abnormalities, and the other half were examined for visceral defects using the Wilson technique. For each butanol isomer examined, the highest concentration (and the intermediate in some cases) was maternally toxic, as manifest by reduced weight gain and feed intake. Even at a maternally toxic dose, and in spite of a dose-dependent reduction in fetal weights for each isomer, the only teratogenicity observed was a slight increase in skeletal malformations (primarily rudimentary cervical ribs), seen with the highest concentration of 1-butanol. Thus, although teratogenicity was observed at 8000 ppm 1-butanol, and developmental toxicity was observed with each of the butyl alcohol isomers studied, concentrations 50 times the current permissible exposure limits for these three butanol isomers do not produce teratogenicity in rats.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Intralobular distribution of oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema in the pig. Evaluation by high-resolution CT.

The objective of this study was to elucidate the features of experimentally induced pulmonary edema at the lobular level, using high-resolution CT (HRCT) with pathological correlation. We selected the pig as the experimental animal because the pig has well-defined pulmonary lobules. Twelve Yorkshire pigs were included in this study. Five animals were used for studying normal anatomy of the pig lung. Pulmonary edema was induced by oleic acid infusion in 7 pigs. All computed tomographic (CT) scans were performed on a GE 9800 scanner, using 1.5 mm slice-thickness, 16 cm field of view with 512 X 512 matrix and bone reconstruction algorithm. The animals were killed after CT scans and the lungs were removed, inflated, fixed and dried, and subsequently sliced in sections which corresponded to the CT sections. Using CT images, specimen radiography, and histology, we studied the intralobular distribution of pulmonary edema in selected lobules of each animal. Oleic acid infusion caused multifocal hemorrhagic pulmonary edema within the pulmonary lobule. The distribution was uneven and areas surrounding the lobular bronchi were less involved. HRCT permits evaluation of morphological changes of oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema at the lobular level. The intralobular distribution of the lesions may provide additional information about the mechanism of permeability pulmonary edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Demographic and clinical features predictive of recovery in acute mania.

Discrepancies exist in previous reports regarding clinical and demographic features associated with recovery in acute mania. The authors studied 44 hospitalized patients with bipolar affective disorder, manic type. They report a significant association between more depressive symptomatology and perhaps younger age of illness onset, and poor immediate treatment response. They also found the total amount of psychopathology at admission, as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Manic State Rating Scale, and the degree of psychosis to be unrelated to immediate outcome. The authors suggest that the not recovered manic subgroup has a distinct illness or a variant of bipolar disorder with poor prognosis that warrants further and separate investigation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Evidence of increased gluconeogenesis during hemorrhage in fed and 24-hour food-deprived rats.

Food withdrawal 24 hr before hemorrhage has been shown to increase experimental post-hemorrhage mortality, and survival is associated with the degree of hyperglycemia. Lack of hyperglycemic response has been attributed to depleted glycogen reserves after 24-hr food withdrawal. To investigate the effect of short-term food deprivation on glucose metabolism during hemorrhagic stress, glucose production (rate of appearance, Ra), glucose uptake (rate of disappearance, Rd), glucose clearance, and glucose recycling were investigated in fed and 24-hr food-deprived rats under basal conditions, and during hemorrhagic hypotension using 3-H3-U-C14-glucose. During hemorrhage, blood glucose levels were higher in fed rats. Hemorrhage induced a decrease in glucose clearance irrespective of nutritional state in both 24-hr starved animals and rats in the postprandial state. Calculated glucose recycling increased in both groups after hemorrhage. The results indicate that hemorrhagic stress induces a rapid increase in gluconeogenesis, as reflected by increased glucose recycling.

Animals↗