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Biomedical subjects

A Kh Trakhtenberg

Publications and source records attributed to A Kh Trakhtenberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Classification and terminology of malignant lung neoplasms (polemic aspects].

The article deals with the different aspects of classification in oncopulmonology. The authors introduce their correction and suggest to discuss in the form of polemics the clinico-anatomical systematization of malignant pulmonary tumors and the gradation of carcinoids, sarcomas, and small-cell carcinoma of the lung according to stages and the TNM system, and to systematize the operative interventions.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Characteristics of pulmonary cancer metastasis to thoracic lymph nodes in primary tumor (T1)].

The characteristic features of primary T1 tumor metastasis to the intrathoracic lymph nodes were studied in specimens removed during surgical treatment of 404 patients with lung carcinoma. Regional metastases were detected in 31.9% of cases. The frequency of metastases in central carcinoma was determined by the level of involvement of the bronchus. The percentage of affection of the regional collectors was highest in patients with small-cell carcinoma. It is shown that in primary T1 lung carcinoma not only the bronchopulmonary and root but also the tracheobronchial lymph must be removed and examined immediately during the operation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[A method of managing the bronchial stump after surgical and combined treatment of patients with cancer of the lung].

The authors developed a complex of measures for the prevention of purulent bronchopleural complications, among which the "stumpless" method of manual treatment of the bronchus is the principal measure. With this method, the incidence of a bronchial fistula reduced to 0.5% in lobe-bilobectomy and to 1.4% in pulmonectomy. Due to the sharp drop in the incidence of this complication, the total postoperative mortality reduced to 3.3%. The developed methods of manual treatment of the bronchus made it possible to level out the difference in the incidence of a bronchial fistula in surgical and combined treatment (preoperative radiotherapy), 2.1% and 3.9%, respectively. The "stumpless" methods of manual treatment of the bronchus in lung carcinoma improve the conditions for oncological radicalism of the operation and prevent economical losses by reducing the hospital stay of patients.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1990

[Approaches to predicting the reaction of human tumors to radiotherapy].

Immunofluorescent method using anti-thymidine antibodies was employed to assess proliferative activity of 217 human tumors including oropharyngeal, esophageal, gastric, rectal and lung cancer. The activity was evaluated before and, in 38 neoplasms, in the course of radiotherapy. It was shown that changes in the proliferative activity of oropharyngeal and gastric malignancies observed early in the course of radiation treatment may serve for predicting response.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Errors in the diagnosis of malignant tumors during the prehospital stage].

A group of experts from The P. A. Herzen Research Institute of Oncology reviewed 6000 histories of cancer. The analysis showed errors by outpatient hospital staff to account for untimely diagnosis of cancer in the majority of cases of advanced disease. A classification of medical errors was developed. Objective and subjective factors leading to errors were analysed. Review of records of diagnostic data is suggested. It is also suggested that physicians should bear responsibility for errors in oncology which have grave consequences.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Malignant nonepithelial tumors of the lung].

The main peculiarities of the clinical course of lung sarcoma were determined from representative material of 134 patients. The main features differentiating malignant nonepithelial tumors from carcinoma of the lung are: younger age (average age 45.5 years), predominantly peripheral clinico-anatomical form (82.8%), and prevalent hematogenic metastasis. Five-year survival in the whole group of patients after surgical treatment was 54%. The size and histological form of the tumor are the main factors of prognosis. The degree of differentiation acquires prognostic significance in tumors measuring more than 3 cm in diameter.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Organ-sparing surgery in cancer of the lung].

Indications for different variants of functionally sparing operations in carcinoma of the lung were determined from study of the long term results. Comparison of 5-year survival after pneumonectomy and lobectomy showed the adequacy of the latter in advancement of T1-2N0M0 tumor (39.7% and 37.0%). In T1-2N2M0, these values were 35.7% and 34.5%, respectively. The indications for the type of bronchial resection and lobectomy (wedge, sleeve) were specified depending on the level of the neoplastic lesion of the bronchi and the condition of the intrathoracic lymph nodes. The problem of sublobar lung resections (segmentectomy, wedge, marginal) in early forms of peripheral carcinoma is discussed. The high efficacy of endoscopic removal of early forms of central carcinoma of the lung is shown on the basis of analysis of 54 cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[The therapeutic procedure at the 1st stage of the combined therapy of patients with small-cell ling cancer].

General principles of management of localized small-cell lung cancer were developed using the experience of treatment of 300 cases of the disease. Tumor extent should be assessed according to the TNM classification. The effectiveness of surgery + radiation as a first component of complex treatment was evaluated in a randomized study which included 71 patients. Patients with T1-3 primary tumor and metastatic involvement of bronchopulmonary lymph nodes, those of the lung root and a group of tracheobronchial lymph nodes (NI-2) should be radically treated with either surgery or radiation. Unless contraindicated, surgery should be preferred at the first stage. However, treatment should start with irradiation in cases of lymph node involvement. The second stage should include combination chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[The prognosis of small-cell cancer and malignant carcinoid of the lung].

The morphological examination of 228 small-cell carcinomas and carcinoids of the lung, and evaluation of carcinoid tumor cataplasia versus posttreatment survival identified well-, moderately and poorly differentiated carcinoids. Well- and moderately differentiated tumors have a favorable clinical course and prognosis, though they tend to metastasize. Poorly differentiated carcinoids are characterized by an unfavorable course which is virtually similar to that of small-cell cancer. Prognosis of both malignancies was found to depend on primary tumor size and degree of regional lymph node involvement. Treatment should be determined by histologic type and degree of tumor extension. Well- and moderately differentiated carcinoids and the locoregional form of small-cell cancer make the case for surgery (which should be a component of combination treatment in the latter case). Complex and combination therapy should be used for poorly differentiated carcinoid and extended small-cell cancer.

Age Factors↗