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Biomedical subjects

A Kawauchi

Publications and source records attributed to A Kawauchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[A study of the intraorbital blood flow using ultrasound color Doppler mapping images in optic canal fracture cases].

Ultrasound color Doppler flow mapping image (CFMI) equipment, SSA-270A (Toshiba Co) was used to measure the blood flow velocity of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and the central retinal artery (CA) in eyes with optic canal fracture. The maximal blood flow velocity (V max), the minimal blood flow velocity (V min), the mean blood flow velocity (V mean), and the resistance index (RI) before and after transethmoidal decompression of the optic nerve were compared. The examination was conducted on 13 patients. There was no difference in blood flow velocity in the CA after the operation. Pre-operative V max and RI of the OA in the damaged eyes were lower than in normal eyes, but they increased the day after the operation. We measured the intraorbital blood flow velocity by CFMI because ultrasound does not penetrate bone. Since the peripheral artery from the optic foramen did not change after the operation, we concluded that the peripheral blood flow of OA had been quantitatively improved by the trans-ethmoidal decompression of the optic nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in children].

A 1-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with chief complaint of urinary retention and a lower abdominal large mass. The mass was shown in the bladder by computerized tomography (CT) associated with paraaortic lymph node swelling. Tumor biopsy revealed rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal type. Complete remission (CR) was obtained by chemotherapy based on STS' 88. He has been healthy 40 months without recurrence. A similar case of rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal type, in the bladder in a 3-year-old girl with a chief complaint of macrohematuria was verified by CT and tumor biopsy. The same chemotherapy was performed, resulting in partial remission (PR). A complete resection of the tumor was achieved by partial cystectomy. She is alive without recurrence 18 months after the cystectomy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Treatment system for nocturnal enuresis according to an original classification system.

Our department has reported recent studies for nocturnal enuresis. The morning bladder capacity in enuretic children was smaller in the 3- and 4-year-old age range but larger in the 7-year and over age range than that in nonenuretic children. 15% of nonenuretic children showed nocturnal polyuria with nocturnal urination after complete awakening more than once per week. It was not likely from this evidence that an immature bladder capacity or nocturnal polyuria was the primary cause of enuresis. Patients with enuresis were classified into three types based on overnight simultaneous monitoring by electroencephalography and cystometry. The pathogenesis of enuresis type I and type IIa was a disturbance of awakening, while that of type IIb was a disturbance of bladder function not shown in the daytime but only at night. An original systematic therapeutic plan was established with the development of an original therapeutic machine primarily for enuresis type I.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[An evaluation of the hemodynamics in metastatic liver tumor by using ultrasound color Doppler flow mapping examination].

Eighty-one patients with metastatic liver tumors were studied by ultrasound color Doppler flow mapping examination. Primary origins consisted of gastric (19 cases), colorectal (40 cases), breast (7 cases), pancreatic (3 cases), gallbladder (3 cases) cancers and the others (9 cases). Metastatic lesions originated from breast, gastric and colorectal cancers had higher detection rates, however no blood flow could be observed within metastatic liver cancers from pancreatic and gallbladder cancers. There were no differences among the maximum blood flow velocity (Vmax), the resistance index (RI) and the pulsatile index (PI) in various metastatic liver tumors. In case of colorectal cancers, metastatic lesions originated from moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma had significantly lower RI (p < 0.05) and PI (p < 0.01) than that from well differentiated adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, ultrasound color Doppler flow mapping examination is a useful method for evaluation of the blood flow within metastatic liver tumors and could offer the histological differentiation of the primary origins, in case of metastatic liver cancers originated from colorectal cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Development of bladder capacity, nocturnal urinary volume and urinary behavior in nonenuretic and enuretic children].

Bladder capacity, nocturnal urinary volume and nocturnal urinary behavior were investigated in 1751 nonenuretic and 282 enuretic children in two primary schools and four kindergartens. The results were as follows: 1. A statistically significant linear correlation was observed between the age and the bladder capacity in the morning and daytime, as well as nocturnal urinary output, in nonenuretic children. 2. The bladder capacity of enuretic children was smaller in the ages below 6 but larger in the ages over 7 than that of noneuretic children. It was not likely from this evidence that an immature bladder capacity was a primary cause of enuresis. 3. For the estimation of the maximum bladder capacity in the study of enuresis, urinary output in the morning immediately after awakening with sufficient urinary sensation was thought to be more reasonable than that in the daytime, because output in the morning was approximately 50% more than that of the daytime. 4. Ten to 15% of nonenuretic children showed nocturnal polyuria with nocturnal urination after complete awakening more than one time every week. It was also not likely from this evidence that polyuria was a primary cause of enuresis. 5. The overall occurrence rate of enuresis was 14%, higher in males up to the ages of 9, and almost equal in males and females after the ages of 10. 6. The average age for the spontaneous disappearance of enuresis was 7.3 y.o., therefore, adequate treatments for enuresis should be instituted after the age of 8.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Ofloxacin concentration in prostatic tissue].

The concentration of ofloxacin in prostatic tissue and serum was determined in order to evaluate the permeability of ofloxacin into prostatic tissue in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Ofloxacin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg several hours before subcapsular prostatectomy. The determination was performed in the surgically removed adenoma and in the serum taken one hour before and at the removal of the adenoma. The peak level in the prostatic tissue was 1.46 microgram/g at 4.5 hour after the administration. The ratio of prostatic tissue level to the serum level was 1.00. In conclusion, ofloxacin was thought to be very useful for the treatment of acute and chronic prostatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Influential factors on the therapeutic response in the conditioning treatment of enuresis with an original therapeutic machine].

The conditioning treatment of enuresis with our original therapeutic machine, that is to awake the patient before enuresis may occur, has been performed since 1987. Influential factors on the therapeutic response were investigated. Twenty two patients with enuresis Type I were admitted and were treated for 5 nights with the therapeutic machine. Seven patients were cured (the cured group) and a certain effectiveness (decrease of the frequency of enuresis of more than 50%) was observed in 8 patients (the effective group). No effectiveness was obtained in 7 patients (the no change group). The average age of the cured group was higher than that of the no change group, and the difference was significant. No significant differences were found among the three groups in sex, the frequency of enuresis or the past experience of awakening before enuresis. Significant differences among the three groups were found in the average awakening score (how easily the patient awoke when a nurse called the patient after the machine alarmed) and the change of awakening score during treatment. The average awakening score of the cured group was the highest and that of the no change group was the lowest. The change of awakening score during treatment of the no change group was significantly lower than that of the cured group or that of the effective group. The desire to cure, scored 0-2 points at the time of discharge, was significantly stronger in the cured group than in the no change group. No significant differences were noticed among the three groups in the sleeping condition and the remembrance of awakening at the next morning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Color Doppler flow imaging of CSF flow in an infant with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Evaluation of CSF flow was performed by means of the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique. The motion of CSF was examined in an infant with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). With the aid of CDFI, CSF flow in the aqueduct, 3rd ventricle and foramen of Monro could be demonstrated. CSF flow in both upward and downward directions was clearly visualized, primarily reflecting cardiac pulsation and respiration. When he was subjected with intermittent positive pressure ventilation, during inspiration there was upward flow in the aqueduct, while during expiration there was downward flow. Our experience indicates that CDFI is a useful technique for examining the CSF circulation in infants with IVH.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical assessment of urinary free L-fucose levels].

We measured urinary levels of free L-fucose in healthy subjects, patients with benign diseases, and patients with cancer using an automated analyzer and a newly isolated L-fucose dehydrogenase, and evaluated the clinical usefulness of the results. The values obtained were corrected for urinary creatinine as micromoles per gram of creatinine. The cutoff value, set at the mean + 2SD for the healthy subjects, was 250 mumol/g.Cr. Patients with gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, or cirrhosis of the liver had significantly higher levels of L-fucose than the healthy subjects. The diagnostic sensitivity for these five diseases, taken together, was 68% (144/213). Specificity for the detection of cancer was calculated by use of false positives for patients with cholelithiasis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis: it was 73% (76/104). Diagnostic accuracy for these seven diseases taken together was therefore 69% (220/317). We compared the positive ratio of the L-fucose level with that of the tumor markers AFD and CA19-9. The positive ratio of an L-fucose value above the cutoff was higher than the positive ratio of either marker in bile-duct cancer, gallbladder cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The results suggested that the urinary levels of free L-fucose reflected the metabolism of sugar chains of glycoconjugates, and may be usefully clinically as a tumor marker.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

[Two cases of renovascular hypertension detected by 2-D Doppler method].

Renovascular hypertension is most frequent causes of secondary hypertension. Although angiography of renal artery is reliable procedure for the diagnosis of the renovascular hypertension, it is expensive and invasive. We report two cases which become possible to make diagnosis of the renovascular hypertension by measurement of velocity of segmental or interlobar artery using 2-D color Doppler method. Case 1: 39 year-old male was hospitalized because of hypertension (200/130 mmHg). Ccr was 82 ml/min. 2-D Doppler test demonstrated that the Vmax, the Vmin and the Vmin/Vmax of the right segmental artery were 40 cm/sec., 24 cm/sec. and 0.60, respectively. The Vmax, the Vmin, and the Vmin/Vmax of the left segmental artery were 42 cm/sec., 22 cm/sec. and 0.52, respectively. Renal angiography shows right renovascular stenosis. After percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, the blood pressure became normal and Vmin/Vmax ratio of the right segmental artery was down to 0.52. Case 2: 46 year-old male was hospitalized because of chronic renal failure (Ccr: 14.6 ml/min) and uncontrollable hypertension. 2-D Doppler test demonstrated that the Vmax, the Vmin, the Vmin/Vmax ratio and the acceleration of the right segmental artery were 10 cm/sec., 6 cm/sec., 0.62 and 1.7 m/sec.2, respectively. The Vmax, the Vmin, the Vmin/Vmax ratio and the acceleration of the left interlobar artery were 8 cm/sec., 5 cm/sec., 0.63 and 0.8 m/sec.2, respectively. Renal angiography shows bilateral renovascular stenosis. Thus, the elevated value of Vmin/Vmax ratio (over 0.6) (mean value: 0.43 +/- 0.08, when Ccr is over 70 ml/min, whereas 0.32 +/- 0.11, when Ccr is under 30 ml/min) and decreased acceleration (under 2.0 m/sec. 2) of the segmental or the interlobar artery seems to be helpful for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Vesico-prostatic calculi treated by microexplosion lithotripsy: a case report].

A 48-year-old male suffering from neurogenic bladder due to spinal injury was admitted to our clinic with a chief complaint of macrohematuria. Examinations revealed some calculi located in the bladder and in the prostate. Microexplosion lithotripsy for the prostatic calculi (29 x 23 mm etc.) was performed via the urethra and for the vesical calculus (65 x 55 mm) via the suprapubic cystostomy channel. The calculi were fragmented and removed out completely.

Calculi↗
PubMed1989

Intracranial vessels with color Doppler echoencephalography in infants.

A technique for imaging of the intracranial vessels in infants was described, which used high resolution, commercially available, color Doppler ultrasonography (real-time two-dimensional Doppler). On 12 normal infants, serial scans were obtained in sagittal, coronal, and axial plains. A large number of intracranial arteries and veins could be clearly demonstrated in real-time, including anterior cerebral artery, pericallosal artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery, communicating artery, internal cerebral vein, inferior and superior sagittal sinuses, great cerebral vein, straight sinus, occipital sinus and transverse sinus. In conclusion, color Doppler examination is useful in the detection of vessels in infants and in the measurement of intracranial blood flow velocity.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Measurement of superior thyroid artery dynamics in cases of solitary thyroid tumor and its clinical evaluation].

Thyroid blood flow related with thyroid function is of great importance in diagnosing thyroid gland disease. However, there has no report on such observations of thyroid blood flow dynamics, especially non-invasively and quantitatively. In this study new developed ultrasound duplex scanning system was used to measure the superior thyroid blood flow and analyze the hemodynamics in 105 cases of solitary thyroid tumors, including 30 cases of thyroid cancers. Superior thyroid blood flows on afferent portion obviously increased both in benign and malignant tumor cases, but clear difference between them could not be found. On the other hand, in concern with the blood flows on inafferent portions, malignant thyroid tumor cases showed remarkable increase with statistical difference. The blood flow ratio between afferent and inafferent portions was considered to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid tumors as quantitative criteria. The assumption that the tumors whose blood flow rate was below 3.0 is malignant led the fine result that accuracy was 79.8%, sensitivity; 71.5%, specificity; 81.5%. This quantitative criterion requires no surgical technique, therefore, this is useful for the tissue characterization of thyroid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A fundamental study on expansive splitter lithotripsy].

The application of expansive splitter for industrial use to lithotripsy was studied. A natural rubber latex catheter 350 mm in length, 3.5 mm in diameter and 0.1 mm in thickness was newly developed for prevention from alkalization by expansive splitter. Expansive pressure generated by expansive splitter was measured to calculate the fragmentation time of urinary stones. Urinary stones 20, 30 or 40 mm in diameter were expected to be fragmented in 7.5, 9 and 11 minutes. Human bladder stone 55 x 54 x 33 mm in size was divided into two parts in 24 minutes using expansive splitter. The fragmentation test of model calculi was performed to decide the boring length necessary for the fragmentation of urinary stones. The necessary boring length was a half of the stone diameter in stones smaller than 20 mm in diameter and was 3/4 of it in stones larger than 30 mm in diameter. A tolerance test of the catheter was performed. When the used catheters for splitting were immersed in water, no change was observed in pH, in spite of the elevation of pH from 6.6 to 12.3 when the splitter itself was immersed in water. No leakage of water from the catheter was observed in this tolerance test. Histological change on the epithelium of the bladder and the renal pelvis by expansive splitter was examined. The mucosa of the dog; bladder and the pig renal pelvis, to which expansive splitter was made contact, showed no histological change after 30, 45 or 60 minutes after the contact. In conclusion, expansive splitter enclosed in the natural rubber latex catheter can be employed for clinical use to fragment urinary calculi in endourological procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Microexplosion cystolithotripsy in 105 cases.

We treated 105 consecutive patients with bladder calculi by microexplosion lithotripsy, with a success rate of 100 per cent. The weight of the removed calculi averaged 18 gm., with a range of 2 to 305 gm. For the procedure spinal anesthesia was used in 78 patients, while general anesthesia was used in 24. Minor extraperitoneal bladder perforation occurred only once and it resolved spontaneously several days later. Presently, we consider microexplosion lithotripsy to be the treatment of first choice for bladder calculi.

Adolescent↗