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Biomedical subjects

A Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to A Kawashima.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Involvement of adhesion molecules in glomerular endothelial cell injury induced by PMA-stimulated lymphocytes.

Adhesion of lymphocytes to glomerular endothelial cells might be a critical step in the development of acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. The protective effect of anti-CD11a and anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) antibodies on the cytotoxity elicited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated lymphocytes was investigated by using cultured bovine glomerular endothelial cells (GEN). Both anti-CD11a and CD18 antibodies inhibited GEN injury induced by the activated lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, both antibodies also inhibited the adhesion of the activated lymphocytes to the GEN monolayers. These results suggest that it is important for activated lymphocytes to bind to GEN via adhesion molecules for cytotoxity to be produced by the activated lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[An analysis of factors related to recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after transurethral resection].

A total of 205 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer (Ta, T1) followed more than 3 years were retrospectively analyzed for factors related to recurrence of tumors after transurethral resection. Patients age were 25 to 90 years old, average 61 years old, and there were 160 males and 45 females. Initial tumor grades were G0 in 4 patients, G1 in 48, G2 in 134 and G3 in 19. Seventy four patients had Ta tumor and 131 had T1. Initial treatments were transurethral resection (TUR) alone in 137 patients. TUR with intravesical chemotherapy in 64, with BCG therapy in 7 and others in 7. Factors examined included age, sex, chief complaint, shape, size, and number of tumors, tumor distribution (single area or multiple area), histological grade, stage and intravesical chemotherapy. Overall non-recurrent rate were 81.7% at 1 year, 60.7% at 3 year, 53. 8% at 5 year and 44.2% at 8 year. Five-year non-recurrent rate according tumor factors, showed significant difference regarding tumor size (< 1 cm or 1 cm <: P = 0.027), tumor number (single or multiple: P = 0.004), tumor distribution (single area or multiple area: p = 0.002), histological grade (< G1 or G2 < : p = 0.001) and stage (Ta or T1: p = 0001). However, there were no significant difference regarding factors of age, sex, chief complaint, tumor figure and presence or absence of intravesical chemotherapy. This results suggested that the tumor factors of size, number, tumor distribution, grade and stage were highly related to intravesical tumor recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bassiatin, a new platelet aggregation inhibitor produced by Beauveria bassiana K-717.

A new platelet aggregation inhibitor, bassiatin, was isolated from the cultured broth of Beauveria bassiana which had been isolated from a soil sample collected in Yunnan province, China. The structure of bassiatin was determined to be (3S, 6R)-4-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenylmethyl-1, 4-perhydrooxazine-2,5-dione by NMR analysis, X-ray crystallographic analysis and chemical synthesis. Bassiatin inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets with the IC50 being 1.9 x 10(-4) M.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Intra-bile duct growth of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of biliary dilatation on CT].

In order to evaluate the usefulness of CT in demonstrating biliary invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma, 191 surgically proved cases were studied. Among 191 CT scans performed before surgery, six (3%) showed biliary dilatation. Pathological biliary invasion was found in eight cases (4%). Of these eight cases, four cases (50%) showed biliary dilatation on CT. In six cases with biliary dilatation on CT, pathological biliary invasion was revealed in four cases (67%). In two cases, the large (> or = 6cm) encapsulated tumors located in the hepatic hilum dilated the intrahepatic bile duct without intraductal tumor growth. We concluded that biliary dilatation on CT cannot be a sign of biliary invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Yolk sac tumor resected by transverse sternotomy: a case report].

Transverse sternotomy was performed in a 39-year-old man having bilateral lung metastatic lesions of yolk sac tumor. This approach provided an excellent operative field. Bilateral partial lobes including parietal pleura and diaphragma were readily resected. As described in this paper, transverse sternotomy is one of the beneficial method in the thorough surgical treatment for metastatic bilateral lung lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

High glucose modulates albumin permeability across glomerular endothelial cells via a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism.

To investigate the mechanism of glomerular endothelial response to high glucose, an in vitro model of the glomerular endothelial barrier was established in which transfer of fluorescein-labeled albumin across confluent monolayers of immortalized bovine glomerular endothelial cells (GEN) grown on polycarbonate membranes was measured. We first examined the effects of increased concentrations of D-glucose on albumin permeability across GEN monolayers and further investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of glucose-induced changes in endothelial barrier function. Incubation with 30 mM D-glucose increased albumin permeability more than those with 10 mM D-glucose. Albumin permeability incubated with 10 mM D-glucose plus 20 mM mannitol was not significantly different from those with 10 mM D-glucose, indicating that the increase in albumin permeability induced by 30 mM D-glucose was not due to high osmolar stimuli. A protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, H-7 (25 microM) significantly reduced the permeability-increasing effects of D-glucose. Lactate dehydrogenase release from endothelial cells was not significantly increased above baseline after incubation with 10 mM or 30 mM D-glucose. These results suggest that elevated concentrations of glucose activates PKC, resulting in an increase in albumin permeability across GEN.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A case of chronic pancreatitis with eosinophilic pleural effusion].

A 48-year-old man was admitted for the evaluation of a massive left pleural effusion. Thoracenthesis yielded a bloody excudate with a high percentage of eosinophils (27%) and high values of pancreatic enzymes (amylase 16,000 Somogyi, Elastase 35,000 ng/dl, Lipase 12,800 U/l, Trypsin 77,000 ng/ml). The amylase isozyme of the exudate was 100% pancreatic-type fraction. The blood showed no eosinophilia (4%). A computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance image of the abdomen revealed a pancreatic pseudocyst in contact with the diaphragm, and thrombi in the inferior vena cava and the splenic vein. After pancreatic cystectomy and splenectomy, the pleural effusion resolved rapidly. Eosinophilic pleural effusion has been reported as a complication of several disorders: pneumonia, lung carcinoma, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary infarction. However, we know of no previous report of eosinophilic pleural effusion with pancreatitis. In this case, it is interesting that the massive eosinophilic pleural effusion associated with chronic pancreatitis resolved immediately after the operation, and the patient was discharged.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on cultured glomerular endothelial cells by pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide.

Infiltration of leukocytes and mononuclear cells into the glomeruli is an early pathological finding in human and experimental glomerulonephritis. However, the cellular and molecular basis for cell infiltration into the glomeruli is not yet completely understood. In addition, there is little information on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on glomerular cells. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ICAM-1 on cultured bovine glomerular endothelial cells (GEN) and its regulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocytochemical staining showed that ICAM-1 molecules were constitutively expressed on the surface of GEN. In flow cytometric and ELISA analyses, ICAM-1 molecule expression on GEN was significantly upregulated by IL-1 beta, MCP-1 and LPS in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IL-6. LPS was the most potent inducer of ICAM-1 molecule expression on GEN. The effects of IL-1 beta, MCP-1 and LPS were observed as early as 4 h and reached a maximal level by 18 h. These results suggest that ICAM-1 on GEN can participate in the infiltration of mononuclear cells into glomeruli in human and experimental glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Selective intra-arterial injection of calcium for localization of insulinomas: proposed new criteria].

To elucidate whether noninvasive arterial stimulation venous sampling (ASVS) is helpful for localizing insulinomas, calcium gluconate (0.02-0.025 mEq Ca2+/kg) was injected directly into the gastroduodenal, splenic and superior mesenteric arteries of six patients with episodic hypoglycemia. In all six patients, there was a greater than 26-fold increase in serum insulin levels in blood samples obtained from the hepatic vein after the infusion of calcium into the artery supplying the tumor. However, in four of the six patients, such an injection into an artery not supplying the tumor resulted in a greater than twofold increase in insulin concentration. Accurate localization of the insulinomas was verified at surgery in all patients. We believe that these false positive results were caused mainly by the influx of calcium via branches of intrapancreatic anastomoses. In order to minimize false positive results, we have recommended the following new criteria for ASVS: maximum insulin concentrations exceeding 150 microU/ml in blood samples obtained from the hepatic vein, and greater than twofold increases in insulin concentration. We concluded that noninvasive ASVS is helpful in determining the location of insulinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Growth of LLC-PK1 renal cells is mediated by EGR-1 up-regulation of G protein alpha i-2 protooncogene transcription.

The early growth response zinc finger transcription factor (EGR-1) and the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein encoded by the protooncogene G alpha i-2 each play pivotal roles in signaling pathways that control cell growth and differentiation. The G alpha i-2 gene 5'-flanking region contains a putative binding site (5'-CGCCCCCGC-3') for EGR-1 that may allow it to be a target gene for EGR-1 mitogenic signaling. We now demonstrate in LLC-PK1 renal cells the temporal expression of EGR-1 protein by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry coincident with the maximal activation of the G alpha i-2 gene during cell growth. To determine whether G alpha i-2 or EGR-1 influence epithelial cell growth, LLC-PK1 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding cDNAs for G alpha i-2 (pRSV G alpha i-2) or EGR-1 (pRSV EGR-1) driven by a viral Rous sarcoma promoter enhancer to overexpress each protein. Following transfection, cell growth was examined in media containing either 10 or 0.1% fetal bovine serum. Only cells transfected with plasmids encoding G alpha i-2 and EGR-1 had growth rates greater than that of serum replete cohorts. To assess whether EGR-1 was contributing to the transcriptional activation of the G alpha i-2 gene, cells were cotransfected with pRSV EGR-1 and plasmids encoding firefly luciferase reporter genes fused to 5'-flanking areas of the G alpha i-2 gene containing either the EGR-1 binding site or a mutated EGR-1 binding site (5'-AAAAACCGC-3'). A 320% enhancement of G alpha i-2 transcription was found only in LLC-PK1 cells following their transfection with plasmids that contained both the EGR-1 binding site and overexpressed EGR-1 protein. Utilizing mobility shift assays, which compared nuclear extracts from cells before and after cell polarization, a probe containing the EGR-1 motif detected induced nuclear protein complexes during transcriptional activation of the G alpha i-2 gene. An anti-EGR-1 antibody specifically retarded the mobility of the induced nuclear complexes, indicating that the EGR-1 protein was a component of these complexes. These data provide direct evidence for a novel mitogenic signaling pathway coupling proximal signaling events that activate EGR-1 gene expression to a target protooncogene G alpha i-2 that is participatory for growth and differentiation in renal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The exchange of Ca(2+)-receptive protein complex (troponin) in the myofibrils of fast and slow skeletal muscles.

In order to compare the role of the Ca(2+)-receptive protein (troponin), in the characteristic myofibrillar contractile response of chicken fast and slow skeletal muscles, the troponin in both kinds of myofibrils were partially exchanged, under slightly acidic conditions. The Ca(2+)- or Sr(2+)-activation of the ATPase of fast (or slow) skeletal myofibrils hybridized with slow (or fast) skeletal troponin profiles were also investigated. The results indicated that the Ca(2+)- or Sr(2+)-affinity of the myofibrillar ATPase activity were related to the species of troponin. This procedure for replacing troponin in myofibrils under physiological conditions is thus considered to be useful for the study of the Ca(2+)-regulatory mechanism in myofibrillar contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha correlates with metastatic ability in a human osteosarcoma cell line.

We have examined the correlation between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and metastatic properties of a low metastatic osteosarcoma cell line, osteosarcoma takase (OST), under stimulation by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). In vivo, OST cells exhibited significantly increased colonization in the lungs of nude mice in a dose-dependent manner when they were treated by TNF alpha prior to injection. In vitro, TNF alpha enhanced tumour cell invasion through the reconstituted basement membrane in a transwell chamber up to 2.5-fold. Gelatin zymography and sandwich enzyme immunoassays demonstrated marked production of MMP-9 [92-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase (gelatinase B)] but not MMP-2 [72-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase (gelatinase A)], MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) or MMP-7 (matrilysin). Motility of the tumour cells and adhesion to cultured endothelial cells were slightly increased by the TNF alpha treatment up to 1.6-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, while the growth rate was decreased. These results suggest that upregulation of MMP-9 together with enhanced motility and endothelial adhesion contribute to the increased metastatic ability of OST cells induced by TNF alpha treatment.

Collagenases↗
PubMed1994

Detection of human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus in diffuse interstitial pneumonia by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.

Using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsy, the authors examined infection by human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus in 54 patients with primary or secondary diffuse interstitial pneumonia (DIP) by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry and compared it with that in 32 persons without lung complications. Polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that approximately 40% and 30% of DIP were positive for human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, respectively, but none of 32 controls had evidence of infection by human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. The polymerase chain reaction was more sensitive than the immunohistochemical technique for detection of herpes simplex virus. The former technique revealed herpes simplex virus infection in approximately 90% of DIP and controls and the latter in approximately 50% of each group. However, immunohistochemistry had the advantage of demonstrating the morphologic location of infected cells and of allowing their semiquantitative evaluation. Herpes simplex virus was more extensively distributed in the lungs of several DIP cases than in those of controls, suggesting the reactivation of herpes simplex virus. Only DIP patients (31 cases [57.4%]) were infected by two or three kinds of herpesviruses. The combination of polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry revealed that these herpesviruses proliferated in many cases of DIP.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Imaging of the spleen: CT with supplemental MR examination.

Splenic lesions tend to be small or infiltrating and vary in size and configuration, making detection difficult, particularly without use of an organ-specific contrast agent. The authors present a series of selected cases to show the value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in depiction of splenic disease. Six major categories are presented: (a) inflammatory disease, (b) splenic cysts, (c) infarction, (d) nonneoplastic and noninfectious diffuse splenic disease, (e) benign tumors, and (f) malignant tumors. CT attenuation of splenic tissue is homogeneous, typically measuring 40-60 HU on non-contrast material-enhanced scans. Splenic attenuation is normally 5-10 HU less than that of liver, a standard of reference used in evaluation of either hepatic or splenic disease. On T1-weighted MR images, the normal signal intensity of the spleen is less than that of hepatic tissue and slightly greater than that of muscle. On T2-weighted images, the spleen shows higher signal intensity, appearing brighter than the liver. CT is currently the choice for evaluation of the spleen; however, MR imaging may be increasingly used as newer pulse sequences and organ-specific contrast agents are developed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

Structural diversity of band 4.1 superfamily members.

Several proteins contain the domain homologous to the N-terminal half of band 4.1 protein, indicating the existence of a superfamily. The members of this 'band 4.1' superfamily are thought to play crucial roles in the regulation of cytoskeleton-plasma membrane interaction just beneath plasma membranes. We examined the structural diversity of this superfamily by means of the polymerase chain reaction using synthesized mixed primers. We thus identified many members of the band 4.1 superfamily that were expressed in mouse teratocarcinoma F9 cells and mouse brain tissue. In total, 15 cDNA clones were obtained; 8 were identical to the corresponding parts of cDNAs for the known members, while 7 appeared to encode novel proteins (NBL1-7: novel band 4.1-like proteins). Sequence analyses of these clones revealed that the band 4.1 superfamily can be subdivided into 5 gene families; band 4.1 protein, ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin/merlin/NBL6/NBL7+ ++), talin, PTPH1 (PTPH1/PTPMEG/NBL1-3), and NBL4 (NBL4/NBL5) families. The NBL4 family was first identified here, and the full-length cDNA encoding NBL4 was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a myristoylation site, as well as phosphorylation sites for A-kinase and tyrosine kinases in its N-terminal half, suggesting its involvement in the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cellular events just beneath the plasma membrane. In this study, we describe the initial characterization of these new members and discuss the evolution of the band 4.1 superfamily.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Radiographic and hemodynamic changes during recovery from high-altitude pulmonary edema.

It has been suggested that accentuated pulmonary hypertension is a contributing factor in the development of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chest radiographic features associated with pulmonary hemodynamic changes in HAPE. We studied 16 patients with HAPE using posteroanterior chest roentgenograms taken in the standing position both on admission and following recovery. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) as well as the area and volume of the main pulmonary artery were measured. During HAPE, we found slight enlargement of the CTR, especially the right ventricle, and prominence of the main pulmonary artery. These abnormalities significantly improved in the recovery state. The changes in area and volume of the main pulmonary artery were closely correlated with a decrease in CTR during recovery from HAPE, and correlated with the pulmonary hemodynamic changes observed by right heart catheterization (n = 4). Radiographic changes reflect the alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with HAPE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cavernous lymphangioma of the spleen in a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.

A 31-year-old woman presented with hypertrophy of the left upper extremity and thrombocytopenia. Physical examination revealed splenomegaly, and laboratory investigation revealed thrombocytopenia, elevation of cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDP), and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT). A diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber (K-T-W) syndrome was established by the dermatologic findings and angiography of the extremities. A splenic cavernous lymphangioma was diagnosed by ultrasonography and angiography, and was confirmed by pathology following splenectomy. Post-operatively, the platelet count increased, and hemostatic parameters normalized. Cavernous lymphangioma is a rare complication of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. Splenectomy proved to be an effective therapy for both cavernous lymphangioma and consumptive coagulopathy in Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.

Adult↗