Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Kawaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to A Kawaguchi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Primary structures of the genes, faoA and faoB, from Pseudomonas fragi B-0771 which encode the two subunits of the HDT multienzyme complex involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Three enzyme activities involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, i.e., those of enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase, are exhibited by one multienzyme complex (HDT) composed of two molecules each of two peptides in Pseudomonas fragi. Using specific antisera against the two subunits of HDT, we isolated the genes encoding the subunits of HDT and designated them "faoA" (for the alpha-subunit) and "faoB" (for the beta-subunit). Their complete nucleotide sequences were determined and it was revealed that faoA and faoB, both with individual putative S.D. sequences at suitable positions, formed a cluster, in that order. The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the two genes indicated that the alpha-subunit, encoded by faoA, is a polypeptide of 715 amino acid residues, and that the beta-subunit, encoded by faoB, consists of 390 amino acid residues lacking the first methionine of the primary product encoded by faoB. Immunoblotting of cell lysates prepared from Escherichia coli transformants carrying plasmids which possess the faoA and/or faoB gene with antisera against the subunits of HDT showed that both the faoA and faoB genes were transcribed and translated in E. coli. The overall activities of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase were increased in the E. coli cells transformed with the plasmid possessing the faoA gene, suggesting that both the hydratase and dehydrogenase activities may be exhibited by the alpha-subunit of HDT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1992

Galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin, suffruticosides A, B, C, and D, five new antioxidative glycosides, and suffruticoside E, A paeonol glycoside, from Chinese moutan cortex.

Five new antioxidative glycosides named galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin, suffruticosides A, B, C, and D, and a new paeonol glycoside named suffruticoside E have been isolated from Chinese Moutan Cortex, the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS, together with antioxidative galloyl-paeoniflorin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidences. Galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin, galloyl-paeoniflorin, suffruticosides A, B, C, and D showed more potent radical scavenging and antioxidative effects than alpha-tocopherol.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1992

Syntheses of cerulenin and its analogs. II. Synthesis and biological activity of dl-carbacerulenin, a carbocyclic analog of cerulenin.

2,3-Epoxy-4-hydroxy-4-((E,E)-3,6-octadienyl)cyclopentanone (dl-carbacerulenin 5) was synthesized via the epoxyketones 15a and 15b as a mimic of the active form of the antibiotics cerulenin 1, a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthetase (FAS). The monobenzyl ethers (12 and 13), synthetic intermediates of 15, were prepared by direct benzylation of the epoxycyclopentene (7). Inhibitory activity of synthesized 5 toward yeast FAS was less than that of cerulenin by a factor of 1000.

Cerulenin↗
PubMed1992

A new rat mutant with chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and renal glomerular lesions.

A new mutant strain of inbred Sprague Dawley rats with autosomal recessive hyperbilirubinuria, were studied by biochemical, histologic, and ultrastructural methods. The plasma bilirubin concentration in the homozygote was significantly higher than that of the heterozygote, and about 80% of the bilirubin was conjugated. Plasma BSP and ICG clearance were both severely delayed in the homozygote. Plasma BSP elimination kinetics suggested that the pathophysiologic defect was not hepatic uptake or storage but rather in secretion into bile. Histopathology of the liver demonstrated brown pigment in the hepatocytes that appeared to be lipofuscin. The electron microscopic features of the hepatic pigment resembled those of the Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Homozygote histopathology also revealed glomerular lesions with mesangial expansion and proliferation in the kidneys. Immunohistologic studies disclosed mesangial granular deposition of IgG, IgA, and to a lesser degree, IgM and C3. These renal changes resembled those of IgA nephropathy. The spontaneous hyperbilirubinuric rat (EHBR) may be a useful animal model for studying constitutive conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin metabolism, cholestasis, and glomerulonephropathy subsequent to hepatic dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The influence of proton-pump inhibitors on the healing process of peptic ulcers--electronic endoscopic study].

It is highly important to analyze the of protonpump inhibitors on the healing process of peptic ulcers endoscopically since the use of proton-pump inhibitors is restricted in their period of usage. It is however, too early to evaluate proton-pump inhibitors as equal to or comparable to the many H2 blockers which have been tested basically and clinically. From the view-point of the number of clinical cases too, it is too early to conclude that the protonpump inhibitors are superior to previous H2 blockers. Most of the ear electronic endoscopic studies are highly conducted with the stereo-type electronic endoscopes except that on the regenerative epitheliums. The pictorial management of the regenerative epitheliums and intramucosal blood volume are not discussed in this paper, but results are expected to in the near future.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

Triglyceride and glucose intolerance as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

The electrophoresis of plasma lipoproteins frequently showed midbands between beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins in survivors of myocardial infarction. There were increases in intermediate-density-lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in IDL cholesterol/triglycerides in the very-low-density-lipoprotein fraction, even if the increase in cholesterol was not so significant. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was also frequently found in these patients. Among the patients with an apparently normal glucose tolerance, the coronary atherosclerosis scores judged by the American Heart Association reporting system on coronary angiography increased as the total insulin area by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test increased. The correlation between the atherosclerosis score and the insulin area was still significant even after adjustment for body mass index and plasma triglyceride level. Our data suggest that hypertriglyceridemia, IGT, and hyperinsulinemia may become independent risk factors for atherosclerosis in addition to cholesterol. Another study showed that the morbidity of coronary heart disease increased with an elevation of plasma triglyceride levels among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Functional reinnervation of carotid artery by implanted preganglionic trunk in the cat.

The preganglionic trunk of the superior cervical ganglion was implanted chronically into the carotid artery. A helical strip of the carotid artery with nerve was prepared, and electrical stimulation of the nerve caused a definite contraction. Part of the contraction was attenuated by phentolamine, and the remaining part of the contraction was nearly abolished by tubocurarine but not by hexamethonium and atropine. The present results clearly demonstrate that the carotid artery is reinnervated by preganglionic cholinergic fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Decrease in the specific forms of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes of a mutant strain of rat with hyperbilirubinuria.

Eisai-hyperbilirubinuria rats (EHBR) is a mutant originated from Sprague Dawley rats. The activities of UDP-glucuronyltransferase and drug metabolizing enzymes in EHBR were compared with those in Sprague Dawley rats as the control. The activity of aniline hydroxylase was significantly increased in liver microsomes of EHBR whereas the activity of ethylmorphine N-demethylase was found to be significantly decreased in EHBR as compared to control rats. In addition, the activity of testosterone 7 alpha-hydroxylase was increased in EHBR whereas the activity of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase was significantly decreased in EHBR as compared to control rats. Western blot analysis of liver microsomes of EHBR with antibodies to P-450IA2, P-450IIB1, P-450IIC11 and P-450IIIA2 showed that the amounts of P-450IIB1 and P-450IIIA2 in liver microsomes were significantly lower in EHBR than in control rats. These results indicated the form-specific alteration in the amounts of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes of EHBR.

Aniline Hydroxylase↗
PubMed1991

[A study on hepatic arterial infusion for metastatic liver tumor].

This study was designed to evaluate whether hepatic arterial infusion is effective in terms of response rate and survival time of patients with unresectable liver metastasis from colorectal and gastric cancer. In 19 patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, one patient had a CR, 3 had a PR or MR and the remainder showed NC or PD, with an overall response rate of 16.7%. The response rate was higher in men than in women as well as in patients with metachronous liver metastasis. The dose schedules showed no effectiveness in patients with histologically well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, there was a statistical difference in survival time according to the response. The overall response rate in 7 patients with liver metastasis from gastric cancer was 42.9% with one patient achieving CR, 2 patients PR and the others PD. As a result, hepatic arterial infusion of antitumor regimen was an effective method for inoperable metastatic liver cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Canine heart-lung transplantation after 24-hour hypothermic preservation.

We compared the efficacy of Belzer UW solution (UWS) with modified Collins solution (MCS) in a 24 h canine heterotopic heart-lung transplantation model. Nine pairs of mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups: MCS group (n = 5) and UWS group (n = 4). The donor heart was arrested with cardioplegia. The heart and lung were flushed with MCS or UWS, excised en bloc and immersed in 4 degrees C MCS or UWS for 24 h. Graft function was adequate in 1 of 5 grafts in the MCS group and in all 4 grafts in the UWS group (P less than 0.05). In the UWS group, the prepreservation and posttransplantation cardiac output was 71.2 +/- 21.6 and 96.4 +/- 44.4 ml/min per kg, the PaO2 was 80.8 +/- 12.9 and 74.1 +/- 2.7 mmHg, and the PaCO2 was 25.6 +/- 5.5 and 35.9 +/- 13.3 mmHg, respectively. No difference was significant. In the UWS group, the pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly to 13.8 +/- 3.7 from 8.8 +/- 5.2 Wood units (P less than 0.05). Post-transplantation myocardial water content in the UWS group (78.6 +/- 2.0) was less than in the MCS group (81.1 +/- 1.4, P less than 0.05). The wet/dry ratio of the lung increased significantly to 8.3 +/- 1.6 from 4.4 +/- 0.6 in the UWS group (P less than 0.01) and to 10.3 +/- 0.8 from 4.1 +/- 0.1 in the MCS group (P less than 0.01), but was less in the UWS group (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that UWS is more effective than MCS in 24 h heart-lung preservation, but does not prevent pulmonary oedema adequately.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Purification of the multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation from Pseudomonas fragi and reconstitution of the fatty acid oxidation system.

The multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation was purified from Pseudomonas fragi, which was grown on oleic acid as the sole carbon source. This complex exhibited enoyl-CoA hydratase [EC 4.2.1.17], 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.35], 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase [EC 2.3.1.16], cis-3,trans-2-enoyl-CoA isomerase [EC 5.3.3.3], and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase [EC 5.1.2.3] activities. The molecular weight of the native complex was estimated to be 240,000. Two types of subunits, with molecular weights of 73,000 and 42,000, were identified. The complex was composed of two copies each of the 73,000- and 42,000-Da subunits. The beta-oxidation system was reconstituted in vitro using the multienzyme complex, acyl-CoA synthetase and acyl-CoA oxidase. This reconstituted system completely oxidized saturated fatty acids with acyl chains of from 4 to 18 carbon atoms as well as unsaturated fatty acids having cis double bonds extending from odd-numbered carbon atoms. However, unsaturated fatty acids having cis double bonds extending from even-numbered carbon atoms were not completely oxidized to acetyl-CoA: about 5 mol of acetyl-CoA was produced from 1 mol of linoleic or alpha-linolenic acid, and about 2 mol of acetyl-CoA from 1 mol of gamma-linolenic acid. These results suggested that the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase in the complex was not operative. When the epimerase was by-passed by the addition of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase to the reconstituted system, unsaturated fatty acids with cis double bonds extending from even-numbered carbon atoms were also completely degraded to acetyl-CoA.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of CO(2) Concentration during Growth on Fatty Acid Composition in Microalgae.

The degree of unsaturation of fatty acids was higher in Chlorella vulgaris 11h cells grown with air (low-CO(2) cells) than in the cells grown with air enriched with 2% CO(2) (high-CO(2) cells). The change in the ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid was particularly significant. This change of the ratio was observed in four major lipids (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine). The relative contents of lipid classes were essentially the same both in high-CO(2) and low-CO(2) cells. After high-CO(2) cells were transferred to low CO(2) condition, total amount of fatty acids remained constant but the relative content of alpha-linolenic acid increased during a 6-hour lag phase in growth with concomitant decreases in linoleic and oleic acids. When low-CO(2) cells were transferred to high CO(2) condition, total amount of fatty acids and relative content of oleic acid increased significantly. The amount of alpha-linolenic acid remained almost constant, while the amounts of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids increased. Similar, but smaller, changes in fatty acid compositions were observed in two species of green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dunaliella tertiolecta. However, no difference was found in Euglena gracilis, Porphyridium cruentum, Anabaena variabilis, and Anacystis nidulans.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Conversion of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to triacylglycerols in ozone-fumigated spinach leaves.

Molecular species and fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerol (TG) accumulated in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves fumigated with ozone (0.5 microliter per liter) were compared with those of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). Analysis of positional distribution of the fatty acids in MGDG and the accumulated TG by the enzymatic digestion method showed that hexadecatrienoate (16:3) was restricted to sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone in both MGDG and TG, whereas alpha-linolenate (18:3) was preferentially located at sn-1 position in MGDG, and sn-1 and/or sn-3 positions in TG, suggesting that 1,2-diacylglycerol moieties of MGDG are the direct precursor of TG in ozonefumigated leaves. Further analysis of TG molecular species by argentation chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that TG increased with ozone fumigation consisted of approximately an equal molar ratio of sn-1,3-18:3-2-16:3 and sn-1,2,3-18:3. Because the molecular species of MGDG in spinach leaves is composed of a similar molar ratio of sn-1-18:3-2-16:3 and sn-1,2-18:3, we concluded that MGDG was converted to 1,2-diacylglycerol and acylated with 18:3 to TG in ozone-fumigated spinach leaves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Prolonged preservation of cadaver heart with Belzer UW solution: 24-hour storage system for asphyxiated canine hearts.

The efficacy of Belzer UW solution was compared to Collins' solution in the preservation of asphyxiated cadaver hearts in a canine model. Donor hearts were stored for 24 h: 2 h of in situ hypothermic (15 degrees C) coronary perfusion plus 22 h of simple immersion in ice-cold solution. Verapamil, propranolol and prostacyclin were used for myocytoprotection in both groups. After orthotopic transplantation, all animals were weaned off bypass without inotropic support. After 1 h, however, the cardiac output was significantly higher in the Belzer UW solution group (128 +/- 28 vs. 67 +/- 13 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.01).

Adenosine↗
PubMed1990

[Correlation between DNA ploidy patterns and tumor progression, prognosis, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in human esophageal cancer].

Cytophotometric DNA analyses were performed on 35 primary esophageal cancer. Histograms of DNA measurement were classified into three patterns (diploid pattern, aneuploid pattern and mosaic pattern) and were compared with histological findings, prognosis, and degree of lymphocytes infiltration around the tumor. Survival rate was worse in patients with mosaic pattern than the others, and 4-year survival rates of each patterns were 66.7% (diploid), 53.6% (aneuploid) and 25.4% (mosaic). Diploid cell line was observed frequently in the superficial cancers, and as the cancers infiltrated more deeply, mosaic cell line increased. Mosaic cell line appeared more frequently in well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. In patients with mosaic pattern, there was high frequency of lymphnode metastasis and vascular invasion, as compared with diploid pattern. The rate of vascular invasion tended to increase in the following order; diploid, aneuploid and mosaic types. Furthermore in the diploid tumors, the degree of lymphocyte infiltration around tumor tended to increase. These findings suggest that the change of DNA content may occur frequently during tumor progression and may be affected by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. So the DNA ploid pattern will be also to be one of the conjecturable factors of the prognosis of esophageal cancer.

Adult↗