Cytotoxicity of lens antisera to dissociated chick neural retina cells in tissue culture.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Katoh
Publications and source records attributed to A Katoh.
Endorphins do not affect behavioral stress responses in mice.
Effects of endorphins on behavioral stress responses were investigated in mice. For this purpose, we used environment-induced conditioned suppression of motility and forced swimming-induced immobility. The cerebral ventricular administration of alpha-endorphin (2.5-10 nmol), beta-endorphin (0.38-1.5 nmol), or gamma-endorphin (2.5-10 nmol) failed to affect either the environment-induced conditioned suppression of motility or the forced swimming-induced immobility. We have indicated previously that enkephalins attenuate both stress responses and, in contrast, dynorphin potentiates them. These findings indicate that the endorphinergic systems are not responsible for behavioral stress responses and that the role played by endorphins in the present stressful situations may be different from that of enkephalin and dynorphin.
Animals↗
A new sensitive and specific combination of CD81/CD56/CD45 monoclonal antibodies for detecting circulating neuroblastoma cells in peripheral blood using flow cytometry.
PURPOSE: Intensive chemoradiotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation has been introduced to treat children with advanced neuroblastoma (NBL). Detection of NBL cells in peripheral blood (PB) is important to prevent reinfusion of NBL cells. Several immunologic methods have been proposed for detecting NBL cells in hematologic samples. The development of a sensitive and specific combination of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for detecting small numbers of NBL cells in PB using flow cytometry remains an important challenge. METHODS: Twenty-one clinical samples from NBL tissues or smears containing NBL cells were examined for reactivity against CD81, CD56, and CD9 using an immunocytochemical technique. The expressions of CD81, CD56, CD9, and antihuman disialoganglioside GD2 MoAb (GD2) in five NBL cell lines were assayed by flow cytometry. For the evaluation of sensitivity, five NBL cell lines were added to normal PB and the detection level of the combination of CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs was compared with that of CD9/CD56/CD45 MoAbs (reported previously). One hundred thirty-three normal PB samples were examined to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this method. RESULTS: All NBL cell lines showed strong positivity with CD81 and CD56 MoAb. However, CD9 MoAb was weakly positive against the five NBL cell lines. GD2 MoAb reacted strongly with four NBL cell lines, although almost the entire cell population of the SK-N-SH NBL line failed to bind the GD2 MoAb. In vitro experiments using NBL cell lines demonstrated that tumor cells added to normal PB cells could be detected by flow cytometry using CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs even at a concentration of 0.005%. Through comparative studies, the combination of CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs was found to be more sensitive and specific than that of CD9/CD56/CD45 MoAbs for detecting small numbers of NBL cells using the above cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Triple-color flow cytometric analysis using CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs is useful for detecting NBL cells in PB. Further studies testing this approach using samples of PB with NBL contamination are needed to test this approach in patients.
Adolescent↗
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and gene knockout of neuronal nitric oxide synthase impaired adaptation of mouse optokinetic response eye movements.
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in synaptic transmission efficiency in the central nervous system. To gain an insight on the role of NO in cerebellar functions, we, here, measured the dynamics of the horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR) and vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR), and the adaptation of HOKR in mice locally injected with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) that inhibits NO synthesis and in mice devoid of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Local application of L-NMMA into the cerebellar flocculi induced no change in the dynamics of the HOKR but markedly depressed the adaptation of the HOKR induced by 1 hr of sustained screen oscillation. A slight difference was seen in the HOKR but not in the HVOR dynamics between nNOS(-/-) mutant and wild-type mice. One hour of sustained screen oscillation induced adaptation of the HOKR gains in wild-type mice but not in mutants. These observations suggest that NO is essential for the adaptation of the HOKR and that nNOS is the major enzyme for NO synthesis in the process.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Platelet-derived 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid plays an important role in mediating canine coronary thrombosis by regulating platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation.
BACKGROUND: In the thrombotic process of acute coronary syndromes, the pathophysiological role of thromboxane A2 via cyclooxygenase is well established; however, the role of 12-HETE via 12-lipoxygenase is little known. Therefore, we used OPC-29030, a novel specific inhibitor of 12-HETE synthesis, to test whether platelet-derived 12-HETE is involved in mediating cyclic flow variations (CFVs) and platelet aggregation in stenosed and endothelium-injured canine coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS: After developing CFVs, dogs received a vehicle or OPC-29030 intravenously. Plasma and intraplatelet 12-HETE levels increased after CFVs. OPC-29030 but not vehicle reduced CFVs, which was associated with decreases in plasma and intraplatelet 12-HETE levels. Cessation of OPC-29030 restored CFVs in association with increases in plasma and intraplatelet 12-HETE levels. ADP and U46619 induced ex vivo platelet 12-HETE production and aggregation. After OPC-29030 administration, the ADP- and U46619-induced increases in ex vivo platelet 12-HETE production and aggregation were inhibited significantly. Platelet aggregation was linearly correlated with platelet 12-HETE production. OPC-29030 suppressed activation of human platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. CONCLUSIONS: OPC-29030 reduced intraplatelet 12-HETE levels, resulting in the inhibition of coronary thrombosis in vivo in dogs. OPC-29030 inhibited human platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation in vitro. Thus, platelet-derived 12-HETE may play an important role in mediating thrombotic process.
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
Cellular events during invasion by tumor cells of chick embryo skin.
Tumor cell invasion was studied using the 9-day chick embryo skin (CES). The invasion process was broken down into 4 sequential events: adhesion, penetration, proliferation and colonization. Tumor cells used in this study included cells from various human and canine solid tumors, tumor cell lines from human and animal origin and malignant effusions. Where samples permitted, the invasion in CES was compared with tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice and clonal growth in soft agar. The effects of 5-FU and vincristine on the component events of invasion in CES were studied at doses that inhibited 3H-thymidine labelling. The results suggest that DNA synthesis and invasion are independent properties of tumor cells with malignant potential.
Animals↗
Primary human tumor cells and continuous cell lines differ in clonal growth in soft agar.
This study is a sequel in our continuing efforts to improve the colony forming efficiency of the Human Tumor Colony Assay. We have previously reported that the use of culture media supplemented with rat red blood cells and a low oxygen environment resulted in notable improvements in the clonal growth of three different tumor cell lines (colon, breast and melanoma). We now report, however, that the application of these methods to cells from 18 different samples of primary human tumors resulted in no improvements in growth. Our results suggest that caution must be exercised in extrapolating results obtained from the use of homogeneous cell lines to that of cells from human solid tumors.
Agar↗
Clonal growth in the Hamburger-Salmon assay improved by rat RBCs.
This study was devoted to finding ways to improve the colony forming efficiency of the Human Tumor Colony Assay. Rat erythrocytes incorporated into the feeder layer of the Hamburger and Salmon assay showed notable improvements in colony growth by three different tumor cell lines.
Adenocarcinoma↗
p53 protein expression in human breast carcinoma: lack of prognostic potential for recurrence of the disease.
Mutations of the p53 gene are now known to be one of the most commonly detected genetic defects among human cancers. Because of its stability, the mutant p53 protein can be detected by immunohistochemical methods. Overexpression of the mutant p53 protein has been suggested as a prognostic indicator for the recurrence of breast cancer. Using a monoclonal antibody to p53, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues retrieved from up to 10 years storage in the archival files were processed for staining. A total of 125 cases was examined p53 overexpression was identified by brown nuclear staining. Clinical parameters studied included estrogen and progesterone receptors, tumor size, nodal status, obesity, stage, and histopathological grade. The only significant association seen for p53 overexpression was with negative estrogen and progesterone receptors. All other clinical parameters studied were independent of p53 overexpression. Thus, p53 overexpression does not appear to be a useful prognostic indicator for recurrence and survival in human breast cancer.
Adult↗
A successful treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with atrial tumor thrombus.
A 66-year-old man with an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium was treated by transcatheter arterial infusion of lipiodol and aclarubicin. This brought about a remarkable reduction of the tumor and the disappearance of the right atrial tumor thrombus. The tumor was then radically resected by hepatic posterior segmentectomy with combined resection of the right hepatic vein, where the tumor thrombus remained. He is doing well without any signs of recurrence 22 months after the operation.
Aclarubicin↗