Typing of recent infectious bronchitis virus isolates causing nephritis in chicken.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Kato
Publications and source records attributed to A Kato.
A new typing method for the avian infectious bronchitis virus using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism.
Two primers with the length of 22 bases each and 400 bases apart on the spike protein gene of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were prepared. Using these primers, the genome RNA from twelve strains of the various serotypes were reverse-transcribed to cDNA and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With all strains, 400 base DNA was amplified, indicating that there were no apparent insertions or deletions in this region. However, the amplified DNA showed different cleavage patterns by the restriction enzymes. These 12 strains were classified into 5 groups. The strain typing based on a comparison of the cleavage patterns was consistent with the previous serological typing. This study thus provides a simple and rapid method for typing of IBV.
Animals↗
S-100 immunoreactive cells in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens.
The distribution of S-100 protein in spleens and bursae of Fabricius of broiler chickens with various diseases was investigated by an immunohistochemical method with antiserum to bovine S-100 protein. S-100 protein-positive cells were found in six cases of 34 chickens. In spleens, S-100 protein was detected in reticular cells in the ellipsoids of the sheathed arteries and eosinophilic granulocytes. Follicular dendritic cells in germinal centres were also S-100 protein-positive. In the bursa, reticular cells of the follicles and eosinophilic granulocytes in the follicular cortex and surface epithelium were positive for S-100 protein. The evidence suggests that S-100 protein may be involved in diseases of chickens.
Animals↗
Computerized tomographic study on the brain of patients with alcohol dependence.
One hundred ten patients with alcohol dependence and 56 psychiatric patients with either senile dementia, amphetamine psychosis, epilepsy or chronic schizophrenia were investigated with a CT scan of the brain. The maximum width of the 3rd ventricle was measured, and the presence/absence of enlargement of the lateral ventricle and of atrophy of the frontal lobe was determined independently by 3 physicians. The width of the 3rd ventricle in alcoholic and the other patients examined was gradually enlarged with aging, and the width in these patients was significantly larger than that in the age-matched control patients who were selected from the patients with amphetamine psychosis, epilepsy or schizophrenia. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles observed in the alcoholic patients always accompanied the enlargement of the 3rd ventricle, but not vice versa. The alcoholic patients with frontal lobe atrophy showed a higher incidence of withdrawal delirium than the patients without atrophy. These findings suggest that the chronic intake of alcohol might affect primarily the area around the 3rd ventricle, resulting in enlargement of this ventricle and consequential enlargement of the lateral ventricles and also that the alcoholic patients with frontal lobe atrophy could have a high risk for a manifestation of alcoholic withdrawal delirium.
Adult↗
Purine catabolites in cerebral interstitial fluid during progression of and recovery from ischemia.
The concentrations of purine catabolites in the cerebral interstitial fluid during progression of and recovery from ischemia were studied using brain microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sealed 0.5-mm hollow dialysis fibers were stereotactically implanted into either the cerebral cortex or hippocampus of ketamine anesthetized gerbils and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at 2 microliters/min. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. The reflectance spectra of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin at the brain surface were monitored over the scalp to assess ischemia and confirm recirculation. Ischemia caused a rapid, 4.8-fold increase in the extracellular concentration of adenosine. The progressive increase in the concentration of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine soon after recirculation is particularly interesting. The subsequent decrease in purine compound concentration was rapid for adenosine but more gradual for inosine and hypoxanthine. Calculated K values for adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were 0.045/min and 0.016/min, respectively. However, no xanthine, uric acid, or purine nucleotides were found in the perfusate. These observations indicated the presence of purine catabolites in the cerebral interstitial space as well as consecutive degradation and recycling involving the interconversion of purine compounds by biochemical metabolic pathways.
Animals↗
A frameless, armless navigational system for computer-assisted neurosurgery. Technical note.
A computer-assisted neurosurgical navigational system has been developed which displays intraoperative manipulation on the preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance (MR) images. The system consists of a three-dimensional digitizer, a personal computer, and an image-processing unit. Utilizing recently developed magnetic field modulation technology, the three-dimensional digitizer determines the spatial position and orientation angles of the resin probe, triangle-shaped pointer, or suction tube with a small attached magnetic field sensor. Four fiducial markers on the scalp were used to translate the spatial data of the probe onto the preoperative CT scans or MR images of the patient. With this frameless, armless navigational system, CT or MR-imaging stereotaxy can be applied to conventional open neurosurgery without limiting the operative field or interfering with the surgical procedures.
Adult↗
Interactions between novel tumor necrosis factor-alpha mutants and receptors on tumor and normal cells.
We prepared several TNF mutants by protein engineering techniques and compared their biological properties with those of the wild-type TNF. The mutant that lacked 7 N-terminal amino acids had higher cytotoxicity and higher binding activity to receptors on tumor cells. In contrast, the mutagenesis of Arg32 or Ala84, in combination with the deletion of 7 N-terminal amino acids, eliminated the cytotoxicity and the receptor binding. These mutants also lacked acute lethal toxicity in normal mice. Therefore, we concluded that the N-terminus, Arg32 and Ala84 of TNF might be concerned with binding to the TNF receptor. It was also suggested that the receptor molecules on tumor cells bound to the same or neighboring sites on TNF molecules as normal cell receptors.
Animals↗
[A case of traveller who showed heroin withdrawal after returning from abroad].
A 28-year old Japanese man with heroin abuse was reported. He is an ex-beautician and has abused a variety of substances such as toluene, marihuana, methamphetamine, LSD, and so on since he was in a junior high school in Japan. He experienced an intravenous injection of heroin for five days on his first trip to Thailand in 1989. Soon after he returned home, he went back there to use heroin again. He also experienced tearing and running nose as withdrawal at the end of his ten-day trip. During his third stay there he got a job as a wholesale dealer of heroin under a illegal drug organization in the northern part of Thailand. Before he returned home in Japan, he managed to withdraw from heroin by reducing the dose and replacing it with opium smoking. On his fourth trip he failed to withdraw from heroin and injected the drug intravenously at Chiang Mai Airport before leaving Thailand. He began to show acute heroin withdrawal just after he arrived in Osaka, Japan and sought treatment without telling heroin abuse. He was hospitalized next day and soon showed more severe withdrawal and delirium for next ten days. The delirium was thought to be due to not only heroin but the other drugs which he used. Recently heroin abuse, once prevalent during the latter half of 1950s in Japan, has been hardly seen owing to changing the law to severe punishment in 1963. To avoid strict regulations in home some of young Japanese seem to travel abroad and abuse drugs in Asian countries where the drugs are easily available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Effect of surgery for combined abdominal aortic and internal iliac artery aneurysm on postoperative intestinal ischemia and sexual dysfunction].
The effect of surgery for combined abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and internal iliac artery aneurysm (IIAA) on postoperative intestinal ischemia and sexual dysfunction was studied. Nineteen men and three women, aged 51 to 79 years, were included in this study. The IIAA was unilateral in 13 cases and bilateral in 9. The maximum diameter of the IIAAs ranged from 3.0 to 7.5 cm. Seven cases underwent emergent surgery for aneurysmal rupture. A bifurcated graft was implanted in all cases. Among cases with unilateral IIAA, aneurysmectomy and IIA reconstruction was performed in 2 cases, and ligation of the IIA was performed in the remaining 11. Among cases with bilateral IIAAs, IIA reconstruction was performed on one side and IIA ligation on the another side in 1 case. Bilateral ligation was performed in 4 and exclusion of the AAA and both IIAAs were performed in 4. The inferior mesenteric artery was reconstructed in 10 cases. The average postoperative follow-up period was 6.2 years. Postoperatively 2 cases experienced bowel necrosis and 4 had diarrhea and/or mucous stool. An erectile disturbance occurred postoperatively in 33.3% of cases which had undergone unilateral and 50% of cases which had undergone bilateral IIA ligation.
Adult↗
[A male case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis found by an unusual finding on ultrasonography].
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Biopsy↗
[The pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute renal failure].
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
[Clinical study on long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon].
We treated 41 chronic hepatitis C patients with recombinant interferon alpha 2a, 6 X 10(6) IU/day, for three weeks daily followed by intermittent therapy, 3 X 10(6) IU/day, three times weekly for 6 months and more. After 6 months of intermittent therapy, serum aminotransferases (AST, ALT) decreased to normal or nearly normal levels in 29 of 41 patients (70.7%) with histological improvement. The HCV (C100-3) antibody disappeared during and after IFN therapy in 7 of 34 HCV antibody positive patients (20.6%). Serum aminotransferases levels of all such patients were normalized or nearly normalized. The IFN antibody was detected in 8 of 41 patients (19.5%) including one whose IFN antibody was already present before starting IFN therapy. IFN treatment was discontinued in 22 of 41 patients (53.7%) because they responded completely or nearly completely to IFN therapy. All of the 22 patients have been maintaining normal aminotransferase levels for 1 to 24 months (mean, 12 months) after the treatment period. We conclude that long-term IFN therapy is greatly beneficial in controlling hepatic inflammatory changes in chronic hepatitis C.
Adolescent↗
[Computer assisted neurosurgery: development of a frameless and armless navigation system (CNS navigator)].
We have developed a computer assisted neurosurgical navigation system, which displays the point of ongoing surgical manipulation on the CT or MR images. The system utilizes magnetic field modulation technology for the detection of the 3 dimensional position and orientation angles of the probe, a resin pointer or suction tube with a small magnetic field sensor. Four fiducial markers on the scalp were used to translate the spatial data of the probe onto the CT/MRI images. This frameless and armless navigator with a spatial accuracy of 4mm, introduces CT/MRI-stereotaxy to conventional open neurosurgery without limiting the operative field or interfering with surgical procedures.
Adult↗
[A case of severe hepatic microcirculatory failure with jaundice and fibrosis around the sinusoid caused by long-term exposure of methylene chloride].
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Adult↗
[Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure].
Clinical and experimental studies on the development of myoglobinuria-associated acute renal failure (ARF) were reviewed. ARF developed in 30% of the cases of rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF accounted for 5-10% of all ARF. The presence of dehydration or hypotension at the presentation of rhabdomyolysis seems to be a risk factor in the development of rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF. ARF occurred more frequently in the rhabdomyolysis caused by sepsis or burns. Glycerol-induced ARF in rats or rabbits has been studied to investigate the pathogenesis of myoglobinuria-associated ARF. The early decrease in inulin clearance (Cin) in glycerol-induced ARF was dependent upon the decrease in renal blood flow, but the decrease in Cin in the late phase could not be attributed to the decrease in renal blood flow. Diminished glomerular permeability and cast formation might play important roles in the decrease in Cin in the late phase of glycerol-induced ARF.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
The structure of the large spacer region of the rDNA in Vicia faba and Pisum sativum.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the rDNA large spacer region was determined for two related legume plants, Vicia faba and Pisum sativum. In the large spacers of both plants, there were one or several tandem arrays of repeated sequences which account well for the length heterogeneity of the rDNA repeating units. When the entire lengths of Vicia and Pisum rDNA large spacers were compared, significant sequence similarity ranging from approximately 50 to 80% was observed, thus a close phylogenetical relationship was revealed. However, organization patterns of these rDNA spacers were clearly different from each other. The Pisum rDNA large spacer contained only one type of repeated sequence of about 175 bp, whereas the Vicia contained five kinds of repeated sequence. In addition, the initiation site for transcription was tentatively determined by S1 protection experiment.
Base Sequence↗
Purification and molecular structure of RNA polymerase from influenza virus A/PR8.
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza virus A/PR/8 was isolated from virus particles by stepwise centrifugation in cesium salts. First, RNP (viral RNA-NP-P proteins) complexes were isolated by glycerol gradient centrifugation of detergent-treated viruses and subsequently NP was dissociated from RNP by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation. The P-RNA (P proteins-viral RNA) complexes were further dissociated into P proteins and viral RNA by cesium trifluoroacetate (CsTFA) gradient centrifugation. The nature of P proteins was further analyzed by glycerol gradient centrifugation and immunoblotting using monospecific antibodies against each P protein. The three P proteins, PB1, PB2, and PA, sedimented altogether as fast as the marker protein with the molecular weight of about 250,000 Da. Upon addition of the template vRNA, the RNA-free P protein complex exhibited the activities of capped RNA cleavage and limited RNA synthesis. When a cell line stably expressing cDNAs for three P proteins and NP protein was examined, the three P proteins were found to be co-precipitated by antibodies against the individual P proteins. These results indicate that the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a heterocomplex composed of one each of the three P proteins and that the RNA-free RNA polymerase can be isolated in an active form from virus particles. Furthermore, the three P proteins form a complex in the absence of vRNA.
Animals↗
Naloxone affects the luteinizing hormone secretory pattern in the short- and long-term ovariectomized rat.
The effect of naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, on the secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) was evaluated in 4-, 16- and 32-week ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Freely moving rats bearing cardiac cannulae were bled every 6 min for 3 h. During the first 90 min of bleeding, an equal volume of saline was injected after withdrawal of each blood sample, while during the second 90 min the replacement was done with saline containing naloxone at a dose of 0.5 (lower dose) or 1.0 (higher dose) mg/kg/h; statistical comparison was done between both treatment periods. In 4-week OVX rats, a significant increase in the mean LH level was observed through the 90-min period of lower-dose naloxone treatment, without significant changes in the pulse frequency and amplitude. In 4-week OVX rats treated with the higher dose and in 16-week OVX rats treated with either the lower or the higher dose, a significant elevation in mean LH levels was observed only during the first 30 min of treatment, which was probably related to the first, large LH peak in the naloxone treatment period. However, together with pulses appearing later in the treatment period, no significant changes were found in the LH pulsatility except for a decrease in frequency in 4-week OVX rats. In 32-week OVX rats, even the lower-dose naloxone did not induce an elevation in mean LH levels. The results demonstrate that naloxone can increase the LH secretion in the absence of ovarian hormones, and further that the effect on LH changes depending upon the dose of naloxone and the time after ovariectomy.
Animals↗