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Biomedical subjects

A Kato

Publications and source records attributed to A Kato.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

1,5-anhydroglucitol as a marker for the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic renal failure.

Serum creatinine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) were measured in 21 non-dialysis acute renal failure (ARF) and 32 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Fasting blood glucose was under 100 mg/dl and no patient had a history of diabetes mellitus. Serum 1,5-AG decreased with increase in serum creatinine in CRF, but not in ARF patients. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 1,5-AG and creatinine in CRF patients (r = -0.592, p < 0.001). Serum 1,5-AG in patients with serum creatinine of 4 mg/dl or more was less than the lowest limit of the normal range in 14 of 15 CRF patients, but only 2 of 12 ARF patients. In these 27 patients, serum 1,5-AG was significantly higher in ARF than CRF (19.0 +/- 5.9 vs. 7.2 +/- 4.1 micrograms/ml, p < 0.01). From these results, it would follow that serum 1,5-AG should serve effectively as a marker for the differential diagnosis of nondiabetic ARF and CRF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1996

Functional transformation of microbodies in higher plant cells.

In germinating fatty seedlings, microbodies are functionally transformed to leaf peroxisomes from glyoxysomes during greening, and then converted to glyoxysomes from leaf peroxisomes during senescence. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that glyoxysomes can exchange directly into leaf peroxisomes during greening and leaf peroxisomes are once again directly converted to glyoxysomes during senescence. The reversible transformations of microbodies are regulated at various levels, such as gene expression, splicing of the mRNA and degradation of microbody proteins. The regulatory mechanisms underlying this organelle differentiation are described.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1996

Hypoglycemic activity and structure-activity relationship of iridoidal glycosides.

Four iridoidal glycosides, deacetylasperulosidic acid methyl ester (DE), scandoside methyl ester (SC), geniposide (GE) and gardenoside (GA) isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis grandiflora Makino leaves, were tested hypoglycemic activity in mice. DE lowered the blood glucose level in normal mice. However, SC, GE and GA did not affect the blood glucose level in normal mice, indicating that the absolute configuration of 6 position hydroxy based (OH) should be essential for the biological activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Intraperitoneal administration of Senegae Radix extract and its main component, senegin-II, affects lipid metabolism in normal and hyperlipidemic mice.

The hypolipidemic effect of Senegae Radix, i.e. "Senega," was investigated in normal and hyperlipidemic mice. The n-butanol fraction of the methanol extract of Senegae Radix (SN) (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the blood triglyceride level of normal mice 7 h after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05) and also significantly reduced the blood triglyceride level of cholesterol-fed mice under similar conditions (p < 0.05). SN (5 mg/kg) also reduced the blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels after repeated administration to cholesterol-fed mice. SN also decreased the blood triglyceride level in Triton-induced hyperlipidemia. It is suggested that this fraction contains one or more hypolipidemic components including the main triterpenoid glycoside, senegin-II, which significantly reduces the levels of blood triglycerides in normal mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Hypoglycemic and aldose reductase activity of Polichia campestris.

The hypoglycemic activity of 80% methanol extract of Polichia campestris (PM) was investigated in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, one of the insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus. PM (300 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of normal mice from 2 to 7 h after oral administration. It also decreased hyperglycemia from 594 +/- 46 to 472 +/- 31 mg/dl 4 h after oral administration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (p < 0.05). PM strongly increased glucose uptake in adipose tissues. In addition, the petroleum ether fraction of PM inhibited aldose reductase activity. These experimental results suggest that the antidiabetic activity of Polichia campestris supports its use in traditional medicine.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Protective immunity induced with the antigens fractionated by affinity chromatography from the second generation schizonts of Leucocytozoon caulleryi.

A crude extract of the 2nd generation schizonts (2GS) of Leucocytozoon caulleryi and chicken serum containing serum-soluble antigens were applied to an immunoaffinity column using immunoglobulin of chickens recovered from L. caulleryi infections. The fractionated antibody-bound proteins showed several bands between 70 kDa and 35 kDa by the electrophoretic analysis. By immunization of chickens, the fractionated proteins conferred the protection at varying degrees comparable to that conferred by the unfractionated original materials. These results indicated that antiserum against 2GS can recognize the proteins involved in protective immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Acute cerebellar edema following intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis for basilar artery occlusion--case report.

A 61-year-old male developed acute cerebellar swelling after thrombolytic therapy for basilar artery occlusion. He was treated with intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator 12 hours following symptomatic onset, and did well in the immediate post-treatment period but deteriorated the next day. Computed tomography demonstrated acute cerebellar edema and hydrocephalus. Suboccipital external decompression and ventricular drainage were performed. He survived and 1 year later he could perform daily activities at home. Computed tomography and angiography are essential to monitor the post-treatment course following thrombolysis of vertebrobasilar occlusive disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Bilateral giant intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms mimicking a cavernous sinus neoplasm--case report.

An 84-year-old female presented with bilateral giant intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms manifesting as right total ophthalmoplegia and trigeminal nerve paresis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed the two aneurysms as one fused mass, so the initial diagnosis was a parasellar tumor occupying the bilateral cavernous sinuses. The correct diagnosis required cerebral angiography. Considering her age, no surgical or interventional treatment was given. Eight months later, her right eye movement partially recovered and she had no further symptoms. There was no definite causative factors other than aging in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Comparison of speech perception with cochlear implant and hearing aid--analysis according to speech strategy and hearing level].

This study was carried out to compare the speech perception ability of patients using hearing aids with hearing levels of 81dB or more (55 patients) and those with cochlear implants (67 patients). The patients with hearing aids were divided into group A (hearing levels 81-90dB, 7 patients), group B (91-100dB, 11 patients), group C (101-110dB, 19 patients), group D (111-120dB, 7 patients), and group E (121-130dB, 6 patients). The patients with cochlear implants were using the strategies of F0F1F2 (14 patients), MPEAK (32 patients) and SPEAK (21 patients). Speech perception tests of monosyllables, words, and sentences under conditions of auditory plus vision were administered. The means and standard deviations of percentages giving the correct answer in F0F1F2, MPEAK and SPEAK were 45.2 +/- 14.7%, 45.7 +/- 14.6% and 62.6 +/- 15.9% for monosyllables, 44.8 +/- 18.9%, 56.3 +/- 15.0% and 73.4 +/- 15.5% for words, and 64.0 +/- 26.4%, 60.5 +/- 15.9% and 84.7 +/- 13.8% for sentences. In comparison with the results for patients with hearing aids, and speech perception for F0F1F2 and MPEAK was equivalent to that of group C, and that for SPEAK was better than that of group B but poorer than that of group A. In other words, the speech perception ability in conventional cochlear implant strategies--F0F1F2 and MPEAK--corresponded to that of patients with hearing levels of 101-110dB, but that in the new strategy, SPEAK, gave better results than 91-100dB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[The management selection of renal angiomyolipoma].

BACKGROUND: Nephron-sparing surgery is ideal in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma (AML). But, in fact, occasional cases are found in post-ruptured AML and/or in bilateral multiple AMLs, that is seen in tuberous sclerosis. And we cannot perform nephron sparing surgery so easily. We proposed the treatment selection in such complicated AML. METHODS: We experienced 10 cases (12 kidneys) for about ten years, and studied our treatment selection and prognosis on each cases retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 5 kidneys with AML less than 4 cm in diameter, 4 have not encountered with rupture. Of the 7 kidneys with AML more than 4 cm in diameter, 4 kidneys had rupture. Of the 3 kidneys unruptured AML more than 4 cm in diameter, 2 kidneys were treated by enucleation and we performed preventive embolization for rupture in residual one kidney. The patients was suffered from tuberculosis sclerosis, and she had bilateral multiple AMLs. Of the 4 kidneys with ruptured AML, 2 kidneys were treated by enucleation, and the other 2 kidneys were entirely resected. We succeeded enucleation in 2 of 4 kidneys with ruptured complicated AML. In those cases, we did long term watching after rupture and in-situ perfusion technique at the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Active treatment of AML, that is more than 4 cm in diameter, might be recommended. Because most of those will be ruptured. The ideal treatment, nephron-sparing surgery is difficult in complicated situation, such as after rupture and bilateral multiple AMLs. In our opinion, the point of success of nephron-sparing surgery might be long term watching after rupture and in-situ perfusion technique at the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of the beta-adrenergic-blocking agents, timolol and carteolol, on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE: To determine whether two topical beta-blockers, timolol and carteolol, differently affect plasma lipids and lipoproteins in normolipidemic Japanese patients with glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three normolipidemic patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were randomly allocated to and completed 16 weeks of bilateral treatment with 0.5% timolol, 1.0% carteolol, or 2.0% carteolol twice daily in a three-center, prospective study. Patients using any drugs affecting plasma lipids or with a history of beta-blocker use of hyperlipoproteinemia were excluded. Fasting blood lipids and lipoproteins, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and apoproteins, were measured three times before therapy was initiated. These measurements were repeated every 4 weeks during the treatment period. RESULTS: The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased in the timolol treatment group but did not change in the carteolol treatment groups. The ratio of total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the timolol treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Topical beta-blockers do affect plasma lipids in Japanese patients with glaucoma. The effects of timolol are greater than those of carteolol.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnostic value of high N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine (IMP) uptake in brain tumors].

The diagnostic value of high N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) uptake in histologically proven intracranial tumors was evaluated in 54 patients with both early (15-35 min after injection) and delayed (4 hours) SPECT before treatment. Higher uptake in the tumor compared with normal cerebral cortex was observed in early scans in all of the five patients with primary intracranial malignant lymphoma, in two of 16 meningiomas, two of seven astrocytomas, one of three pituitary adenomas, and one central neurocytoma. Among these 11 cases all the malignant lymphomas showed persistent high uptake in delayed scans, whereas other tumors showed decreased uptake in delayed scans. This persistent high 123I-IMP uptake was characteristic of primary intracranial malignant lymphomas and was useful in the diagnosis of intracranial malignant lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Giant cell reparative granuloma of the cranial vault.

We describe a case of giant cell reparative granuloma in the cranial vault, which is an extremely rare location for this entity. CT scans showed an enhancing skull tumor with no surrounding sclerosis in the frontal bone. MR images showed a mass isointense with gray matter on both T1- and T2-weighted images.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical study on a concomitant therapy with fluconazole and human recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the treatment of systemic fungal infections with hematological disorders].

The clinical efficacy and the safety of concomitant therapy with fluconazole and recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was compared with fluconazole monotherapy in neutropenic patients with hematological disorders. The clinical efficacy rate was 73.5% (25/34) in the combination therapy and 48.1% (37/77) in monotherapy. The difference between the two is statistically significant. Side effects were not observed in the combination group, but laboratory abnormalities were found in 6 patients with an incident rate of 11%. The combination therapy with fluconazole and rhG-CSF may be selected as empiric therapy for systemic fungal infection associated with hematological disorders, since this combination therapy showed high efficacy and low incident of side effects. Some patients, however, did not show increased neutrophil counts in spite of rhG-CSF administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cloning and properties of a novel natriuretic peptide receptor, NPR-D.

A novel natriuretic peptide receptor, which we have termed natriuretic peptide receptor D (NPR-D), has been cloned and characterized. cDNAs related to the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR) were amplified by PCR from a template of poly(A)-rich RNA isolated from the eel gill. Sequencing of the PCR products revealed the presence of a new clone that showed about 70% sequence identity to the eel type-C receptor, NPR-C. The PCR fragment was used to determine the tissue distribution of the new NPR-D message by an RNase protection assay, which gave the strongest signal in brain samples, and then used to screen a brain library to obtain a full-length cDNA clone. The cDNA clone predicted a protein of 500 amino acids containing a signal sequence and a hydrophobic transmembrane segment. The predicted sequence also contained the NPR motif which is essential for the binding of natriuretic peptides. The protein NPR-D was expressed in COS cells and shown to have high affinities for eel and rat natriuretic peptides. The newly cloned NPR-D has a short cytoplasmic tail; in this respect, NPR-C and NPR-D are very similar and form a subfamily of the NPR family. Affinity labeling indicated that NPR-D exists as a disulfide-linked tetramer. This is a marked contrast to the homodimeric structure of NPR-C. HS-142-1, a non-peptide natriuretic peptide receptor antagonist of microbial origin previously shown to be selective for the guanylate-cyclase-coupled receptors NPR-A and NPR-B, competitively inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled eel natriuretic peptide to eel NPR-D, whereas it did not affect the binding activity of eel NPR-C, suggesting that HS-142-1 is an antagonist that recognizes the tetrameric structures of NPR since the guanylate-cyclase-coupled receptors have also been demonstrated to exist as tetramers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Cloning, characterization, and tissue distribution of porcine SPAI, a protein with a transglutaminase substrate domain and the WAP motif.

The primary and gene structures and tissue distribution of porcine SPAI-2, a protein that belongs to the WAP protein superfamily and has a sodium-potassium ATPase inhibitory activity, were determined by molecular cloning and Northern analysis. A full-length cDNA clone was isolated from a porcine duodenum cDNA library. The cDNA insert encoded a polypeptide of 187 amino acids, which is composed of three domains: a hydrophobic presequence of 21 amino acids, a prosegment of 105 amino acids ending with Asp126, and the mature SPAI-2 sequence of 61 amino acids beginning with Pro127. The prosegment contained 16 repeats of a hexapeptide that is highly homologous to the repetitive sequence found in the transglutaminase domain of the human elafin, an elastase-specific inhibitor that also belongs to the WAP superfamily. The repetitive sequence was demonstrated to be a good substrate of transglutaminase using a recombinant preparation produced in Escherichia coli. A porcine genomic library was then screened for the SPAI gene. Characterization and sequencing of positive clones indicated that the gene is similar to the elafin gene, having 3 exons encoding the 5'-untranslated region and signal sequence, proSPAI, and 3'-untranslated region, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed intestine-specific expression of SPAI mRNA; the message was especially abundant in the small intestine. ProSPAI was also found in the circulation. The similarity of proSPAI to elafin in the domain structure, the acid-labile nature of the cleavage site (Asp126-Pro127), and the fact that the major form of SPAI in the plasma is proSPAI strongly suggest that proSPAI is not the precursor but rather it is the native form of SPAI. Like elafin, therefore, SPAI appears to be a new type of biologically active substance with a transglutaminase substrate domain that acts as an anchoring sequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗