Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Kast.
The Himalayan rabbit, Chbb : HM has been bred in Kawanishi for about 10 years. The advantage of this strain of rabbit is its mature body-weight of 2.0--2.2kg. In our labs the following parameters of the Himalayan rabbit have been observed : Conception rate 96%, miscarriages 2.7%, viable offspring 6.1 +/- 2/litter, weaning rate 77--92% and malformation rate 1.3%.
Acute oral toxicity of the three Beta-adrenoceptor stimulants Orciprenalin, Fenoterol and Salbutamol as well as the two Beta-adrenoceptor blockers Pindolol and Bunitrolol was studied in singly-housed and aggregated male and female mice (ICR-JCL) and the results were compared with those in grouped mice (background studies). With a few exceptions, the acute toxic potency of the five test substances in mice appeared to be: Aggregated mice greater than grouped mice greater than singly-housed mice.
The effect of sodium picosulfate was examined in liver cell cultures of rabbit, rat and man exposed to substance concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 micrograms/ml. At 400, 800 and 1600 micrograms/ml the rapidly growing cultured liver cells of rabbit showed dose-dependently vacuolic and fatty change as well as necrosis combined with a lowered mitotic activity and a slight increase in LDH values in the medium at 800 and 1600 micrograms/ml. Comparable but less severe effects were observed in 4-day old liver cell cultures of rat, while liver cells cultured for 6 to 11 days tolerated 1600 micrograms/ml sodium picosulfate. In human liver cultures the number of cells was slightly lowered at 800 and 1600 micrograms/ml and the number of nuclei in division was decreased dependent on dose.
Cultured liver cells of man, rat and rabbit were exposed to sodium picosulfate using medium concentrations of 400, 800,1000,1600, or 2000 micrograms/ml, and the results were compared with findings after bisacodyl at 25, 50 or 100 micrograms/ml and sennoside at 100 or 200 micrograms/ml. Much higher concentrations of sodium picosulfate than of both comparative substances were tolerated. At the doses used, hepatocytes of rabbit were slightly more sensitive against sodium picosulfate, while effects of bisacodyl and sennoside on hepatocytes were comparable between the three species used. No substance-related deviations in leakage of LDH from liver cells into culture medium were observed. The protein content was lowered in liver cells of rabbit exposed to 1600 micrograms/ml sodium picosulfate and the human cells exposed to 100 micrograms/ml bisacodyl. An increase in spindle-shaped growth occurred only in human cells exposed to bisacodyl.
The circadian rhythm of liver weight and hepatic structures was studied in rats given a maximum tolerated dose of 70 or 80 mg/kg/day Phenobarbital during 7 days and killed at four different hours of the following day. The drug-induced increase in liver weight in % of body weight of rats was about 1% in the morning and in the afternoon in comparison with controls. At 6.00--7.00 during the glycogen maximum, the fine structure of hepatocytes was normal except enlargement and glycogen depletion of cells in the near neighbourhood of central veins. From 9.00--10.00 the mitotic activity was markidly increased and parallel to the progressive disappearance of glycogen the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) became prominent. Hypertrophy of SER was fully developed at 15.00--16.00 and 17.00--18.00.
In case of intravenous injection into caudal veins of rats, the occasional inoculation of hair particles into the lumen of the vein cannot be avoided. These hairs either cause a local thrombophlebitis or are floated with the blood stream until they are thoughout caught by the pulmonary filters, even if they measure less than 10 mu in length. In capillaries or alveoli of lungs phagocytosis by giant cells will start after about 3 days and will be fully terminated within four weeks.
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