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Biomedical subjects

A Karlsson

Publications and source records attributed to A Karlsson.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics and absorption of foscarnet after intravenous and oral administration to patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Six patients with human immunodeficiency virus were given foscarnet in oral solution, 4000 mg every 6 hours for 3 days, followed by a washout period for 2 days and continuous intravenous infusion of 16,000 mg/24 hr over 72 hours. After oral foscarnet, plasma concentrations were less than 33 mumol/L in four patients; two had occasional concentrations of 35 to 50 mumol/L. The extent of absorption varied between 12% and 22%. During intravenous infusion, plasma concentrations ranged between 75 and 265 mumol/L. The disposition of foscarnet was triphasic, with mean half-lives of 0.45, 3.3, and 18 hours. Excretion data suggested elimination was by tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Renal clearance was 176 ml/min 1.73 m2. The apparent nonrenal clearance, 40 ml/min 1.73 m2, probably reflects sequestration of foscarnet into bone. Ten percent to 28% of the cumulative dose may have been deposited in bone 2 days after infusion. A slight increase in serum calcium levels and changes in serum phosphate values may reflect the uptake of foscarnet in bone. Five patients had diarrhea (oral) and two had thrombophlebitis (intravenous).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Certain human Gp120-HIV antibodies react with anti-CD4 antibodies.

HIV+ human sera contain antibodies against most HIV proteins, including the envelope glycoprotein Gp120. Some of these antibodies may have an epitope that sterically resembles the CD4 region to which the Gp120 molecule binds. Amongst 58 HIV+ sera tested, we found three with the capacity to block the binding of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies to CD4+ cells. The serum with the highest blocking capacity was selected for further analysis. The inhibitor was shown to be an antibody that binds to the Gp120 molecule as well as to the anti-CD4 monoclonal T4.2. These CD4-mimicking antibodies were shown not to interfere with CD4-dependent reactions in vitro. Virus neutralizing experiments in vitro could not show any neutralizing effect with these antibodies alone. The HIV+ individual providing this antibody is still healthy, although HIV+ since 1983.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Effects of ribonucleotide reductase inhibition on pyrimidine deoxynucleotide metabolism in acyclovir-treated cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1.

The pyrimidine metabolism of fibroblasts infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 was studied. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection increased the dTTP pool and thymidylate synthetase activity but reduced thymidine excretion. Addition of acyclovir to infected cells increased thymidine excretion, the dTTP pool, and thymidylate synthetase activity. Addition of a virus-specific ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (A723U) decreased all three. The synergy between the two compounds is discussed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

Growth factors and the thyroid: effects of treatment for hyper- and hypothyroidism on serum IGF-I and urinary epidermal growth factor concentrations.

We investigated the impact of thyroid hormone levels on serum concentrations of IGF-I and urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) in hyper- and hypothyroid patients before and during medical treatment. Serum IGF-I levels measured with radioreceptor-assay decreased in 12 hyperthyroid patients from 1.25 (1.02-1.80) to 1.02 (0.77-1.78) X 10(3) U/l (P less than 0.01), whereas a non-significant increase in 8 hypothyroid patients--from 1.14 (0.85-1.40) to 1.39 (1.08-1.80) X 10(3) U/l was recorded. Urinary EGF, measured with radioimmunoassay decreased in 10 hyperthyroid patients from 68.0 (38.0-122.9) to 40.9 (23.6-100.3) micrograms/g creatinine (P less than 0.001) and increased in 7 hypothyroid subjects from 23.8 (17.5-35.8) to 36.1 (24.7-60.1) micrograms/g creatinine (P less than 0.05). In hyperthyroidism, but not in hypothyroidism, the urinary excretion of creatinine changed significantly from 0.66 (0.26-1.21) to 1.52 (0.81-2.59) g/l (P less than 0.001) during treatment, thus affecting the EGF excretion values. However, a comparison of untreated hyperthyroid with untreated hypothyroid patients showed a highly significant difference in EGF excretion (P less than 0.001) despite a non-significant difference in creatinine excretion between the two groups. FT4 I concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.83) (P less than 0.001) to EGF values in untreated hyper- and hypo-thyroid patients. Data from the present study thus conform with the view that the growth promoting effect of thyroid hormones involves a stimulated synthesis or release of classic growth factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Group specific component and susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to AIDS.

The distribution of phenotypes of the group specific component (Gc) was examined in 85 AIDS patients and in 40 couples, each consisting of one HIV seropositive patient and one seronegative sexual partner. Phenotype and allele frequencies in these groups did not differ significantly from those in a Swedish control population. Our observations did not indicate any involvement of the Gc system in susceptibility to HIV infection or progression to AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Dermatophytosis and HIV infection. A study in homosexual men.

Mycological and clinical investigations were carried out in 193 homosexual men, 83 of whom had HIV antibodies, and 117 heterosexual men. Dermatophytes were recovered from the feet in 37.3% of HIV seropositive homosexual men, 31.8% of seronegative homosexual men and 8.6% of heterosexual men. Tinea pedis in homosexual men was significantly more common with increasing age. There was an increased number of sexual partners in the group of homosexual men with tinea pedis. Two dermatophytes were recovered from single samples in 14.5% of homosexual men with dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes were occasionally isolated from clinically normal toe clefts. Present results point to the importance of dermatophytes in nail dystrophy affecting patients with advanced HIV infection. Dermatophytosis in homosexual men was not associated with any changes in counts of blood T lymphocyte subsets or skin reactivity to tuberculin.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

HIV transmission by blood transfusions in Stockholm 1979-1985: nearly uniform transmission from infected donors.

Thirty-five out of approximately 800 known HIV-seropositive people in Stockholm by mid-1986 were blood donors during the period 1979-1986. Almost all, i.e. 349 recipients of their blood components (red blood cells, platelets, plasma) could be traced. One hundred and eighty were still alive and 112 of these on further analysis, were suspected of being infected. They were contacted and all but one agreed to be tested for HIV antibodies. Fifty recipients were found to be seropositive. They had been transfused with blood components from 14 of the 35 donors. The earliest observed transmission occurred in June 1982. The patterns of HIV transmission showed, with only one exception, that each donor who had transmitted HIV to one recipient had also transmitted it to all later recipients. Appropriate preserved sera and clinical records from five of the donors who had not transmitted the virus were found and analysed. The result indicated that these donors had acquired their HIV infection after their last blood donation. In conclusion, our study indicates that every antibody-positive donor transmits HIV to almost every recipient.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Neutralizing antibodies in relation to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-inducing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type I.

The presence of neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated in sera from 73 HIV-1 seropositive subjects at different clinical stages. Virus neutralization was measured as survival of MT-4 cells in a 6-7 day microassay. Sixty-three sera were also tested for antibodies inducing virus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Neutralizing antibodies were found in 59% of sera tested, the positivity rate being 50% (9/17) in asymptomatic subjects, 67% (12/18) in patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and 54% (14/26) in AIDS patients (not significant differences). ADCC antibodies were present in 43% of the sera. Neutralizing antibodies and ADCC-inducing antibodies were found simultaneously in 35% (22/63) of the sera. Neutralizing antibodies alone were found in 22% (14/63) and ADCC antibodies alone in 6% (4/63) of the sera tested. Thirty-seven per cent (23/63) of the sera were negative for both types of antibodies, 62% of the sera with neutralizing antibodies also had ADCC inducing antibodies and 85% of the sera with ADCC antibodies had neutralizing antibodies. The titres of ADCC antibodies were higher than those of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the presence of ADCC antibodies was related to the presence of neutralizing antibodies, but no correlation was found between the titres of these antibodies in sera positive for both activities.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

The postpartum period constitutes an important risk for the development of clinical Graves' disease in young women.

In the present study, 93 consecutive women, 20-40 years of age, referred to our clinic from 1976-85 with Graves' disease, were examined with respect to a possible relation between onset of disease and previous pregnancy. An increased relative risk of 6.5 (3.8-11.0, 95% confidence interval) of developing Graves' disease within one year following delivery was found. After excluding the nulliparous women, almost 2 out of 3 women who developed Graves' disease in the principal child-bearing age of 20-35 years had a postpartum onset, suggesting an important role of immunomodulatory events following delivery for the development of this disease in young women. Future studies will ascertain to which extent the recognition of postpartum Graves' disease has implications on the choice of therapy in this group of women.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Oral candida albicans in HIV infection.

The prevalence of oral colonization with Candida albicans was studied in 225 homosexual men, 99 of whom had HIV antibodies and in 175 heterosexual men. Oral candidal carriage was most prevalent among HIV seropositive homosexual men (77.8%). Rich growth of C. albicans in culture and findings of pseudomycelial elements in oral mucosal smear also correlated with HIV seropositivity. Pseudomycelial forms of C. albicans were demonstrated in mucosal smear from all patients with oral mucosal lesions suspected for candidiasis. However, 26/53 patients (49.1%) with positive smear had no clinical signs of oral candidiasis. The oral yeast flora was sampled twice in 85 homosexual men at an interval of 12-18 months. 71/85 patients (83.5%) were grouped into the same category of candidal colonization; carrier or noncarrier state, on both occasions. No statistically significant differences in numbers of CD 4 cells or CD 8 cells were observed between patients with respect to candidal colonization, when HIV seropositive and seronegative homosexual men were considered separately.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors with human leukocyte interferon.

Twelve patients with malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors refractory to cytotoxic treatment were treated with human leukocyte interferon im at daily doses of 3 X 10(6)-6 X 10(6) IU. Ten of 12 patients showed an objective response with a mean duration of 15.2 months, median, 11 months (range, 2-36+). All ten patients had a decrease in tumor markers and an objective reduction in tumor size was also noted in four. Improvement of clinical manifestations was seen in all cases with an objective response. Adverse effects, including influenza-like syndrome, reduction of blood cells, and chemical signs of liver dysfunction occurred, but were reversible or could be circumvented by dose reduction. One patient developed hypothyreosis on an autoimmune basis; another patient developed liver steatosis. Although the number of patients is small, the results are promising. Interferon therapy seems to be as potent as cytotoxic treatment but with far less side effects. This study indicates that further trials with interferon in patients with less advanced stages of malignant endocrine pancreatic tumor should be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of malignant endocrine pancreatic tumours with human leucocyte interferon.

22 patients with advanced malignant endocrine pancreatic tumours were treated with human leucocyte interferon 3-6 X 10(6) IU per day. Objective responses (more than 50% reduction in tumour markers or tumour size) were seen in 7/7 with watery diarrhoea/hypokalaemia/achlorhydria syndrome, 3/4 with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 6/9 with "non-functioning" tumours, and 1 with a mixed tumour mainly producing somatostatin. The median duration of response was 8.5 months, and all responders improved clinically. Adverse effects seemed more tolerable than those of cytotoxic treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus from patients with varying severity of HIV infection.

T-lymphotropic viruses were isolated from 31 patients with different clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Lymphocyte cultures from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or pre-AIDS yielded virus rapidly, as indicated by high levels of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in culture fluids. These viruses were able to establish a persistent infection in several T4-antigen-positive tumour cell-lines. In contrast, lymphocyte cultures from patients with mild or no symptoms yielded virus more slowly and the RT activity was low. Co-cultivation of slow/low-yielding lymphocytes with T4-positive tumour cell-lines showed no or only transient virus production. In 14 out of 23 cases virus could be detected by their fatal cytopathic effects on tumour cells. The relation between severity of illness and in-vitro replication potential of the viruses suggests that in the course of an infection selection may occur for HIV variants that replicate efficiently in T4 cells.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗