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Biomedical subjects

A Karle

Publications and source records attributed to A Karle.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Intraosseous phlebography, intraosseous pressure measurements and 99mTC-polyphosphate scintigraphy in patients with various painful conditions in the hip and knee.

Twenty-five patients with pain in the knee or hip were examined by means of bilateral intraosseous phlebography, intraosseous pressure measurements and 99mTechnetium polyphosphate scintigraphy. All patients with typical rest pain--either due to osteoarthritis or to the intraosseous engorgement-pain syndrome--showed venous stasis and increased pressure in the bone marrow near the painful joint and abnormally high uptake of the radiotracer. In patients with other types of pain this correlation was absent. The results indicate that 99mTechnetium polyphosphate scintigraphy can be used as a screening method in the diagnosis of the intraosseous engorgement-pain syndrome in patients with a typical history. However, increased isotope uptake in a joint region may be due to a variety of other causes. The identical findings with all three methods of investigation in patients with the intraosseous engorgement-pain syndrome and osteoarthritis suggest a common pathomechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Amputation after development of collateral circulation. An arteriographic study in rabbits.

The vascular changes in the amputation stump after amputation on an extremity which is vascularized by collaterals were studied by arteriography in adult rabbits. Amputation on the crus immediately after ligature of the femoral artery caused a retardation in the development of collaterals and a protracted vasoconstriction in the amputation stump. Osseous plugging of the medullary cavity in the amputation stump counteracted the vasoconstriction, and the development of collaterals was improved. When amputation on the crus was performed 3-6 days after ligature of the femoral artery, immediate function of the collaterals and a rapid dilatation of the arteries in the below knee amputation stump were seen, and 3--4 weeks postoperatively arteriovenous shunts developed in the stump. Amputation 7--10 weeks after ligature of the artery involved a more pronounced shunt development in the amputation stump. After amputation on the femur only slight differences were observed in the development of collaterals and the vascularization in the amputation stump compared with findings after amputation on the crus.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1978

Intracardial arteriographic study on vascular changes in amputated rabbits.

The vascular changes in rabbits after amputation were studied in vivo with arteriography, after intracardial injection of contrast. In the amputated extremity an initial vasoconstriction of the arteries was found. Thereafter changes were observed in arteries and veins, both in the operated and contralateral extremities, depending on the level of amputation and the manner in which the stump was closed. After amputation distally on the extremity and after stump closure without myoplasty arteriovenous shunting was observed in the amputation stump. Arteriovenous shunts were not seen after knee disarticulation and after proximal amputation on crus with myoplasty. Inactivity of the muscles in the amputation stump is supposed to be the cause of the shunt formation. After mid-femur amputation a permanent vasoconstriction of the femoral artery was observed, whereas artery dilation was seen when amputation on the femur was combined with plugging of the medullary cavity.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1978

Lateral dislocation of the patella following Marmor and Guepar arthroplasty of the knee.

The follow-up of 50 knees treated with the modular Marmor prosthesis and 50 with the Guepar hinge joint included tangential radiography of the femoro-patellar joint. After Marmor arthroplasty lateral patellar dislocation was found in seven knees, in six causing pain. After Guepar arthroplasty lateral patellar dislocation was found in 32 knees, but pain was present in only three. There was only a questionable correlation between pre-existing valgus deformity and postoperative lateral patellar dislocation, and an external rotation deformity of the lower leg was found in only five cases after Guepar arthroplasty. Thus, neither phenomenon could explain the high incidence of lateral patellar dislocation in the Guepar series. These dislocations must be assumed to be due to the unphysiological strain on the extensor apparatus inherent in this type of prosthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Anger camera imaging of perfused and nonperfused brain tissue with intra-arterial 133Xenon technique.

The regional cerebral blood flow, the regional blood flow distribution, and the regional distribution of perfused (= vital) brain tissue been imaged with a digitalized conventional Anger camer. An analog scaler was placed behind the PM-tubes to reduce dead-time loss. The input pulse rate was doubled to counteract the effect of scaling on counting statistics, and the gamma emission was filtered through 1 mm of brass to increase the fraction of the integral count rate within the 40% window. In this way the 31 keV peak disappears, and Compton scatter and disturbing coincidences are markedly reduced. This improves spatial resolution. The flow parameters are imaged regionally in 3 X 3 mm2 matrix elements after flat field correction and smoothing. The matrix is 64 X 64 interpolated to 128 X 128. Patient studies emphasized the importance of imaging the distribution of perfused and nonperfused tissue in cases of infarctions, dilacerations, etc., where angiography and conventional brain scanning may often be negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography of intra- and juxtasellar lesions. A radiological study of 108 cases.

During the first two years with the 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 108 consecutive patients referred with the suspicion of intra- or juxtasellar tumor were subjected to 166 computed tomography (CT) examinations. The X-ray attenuation and contrast enhancement patterns of the various lesions were analyzed. In general, it was difficult to correlate these parameters with the histopathological features. Arachnoid cysts, however, had typical low preinjection attenuation and no contrast enhancement. Chromophobe and eosinophilic pituitary adenomas rarely contained calcium and only in minute amounts, hardly visible on the polaroid pictures. Craniopharyngiomas and low grade suprasellar gliomas frequently contained large calcifications. Grade I gliomas, when located in the optic nerves or hypothalamus, showed significantly higher contrast enhancement than elsewhere in the brain. Three purely intrasellar adenomas were demonstrated with CT only. The diagnostic accuracy of CT was compared to that of carotid angiography, PEG and plain skull films in the lesions verified by initial operation (n = 32). CT gave the highest accuracy of the four methods, but the accuracy of CT differed statistically only from that of carotid angiography.

Adenoma, Acidophil↗
PubMed1977

The clinical use of radiological examination of the maxillary sinuses.

Two hundred and eighty-six patients were exposed to puncture and irrigation of 468 maxillary sinuses after completion of radiological examination. The radiological interpretations were made by the same radiologist and related to the clinical rate of demonstrable antral fluid in fully and not fully developed sinuses. Radiologically normal sinuses contained fluid in patients over the age of twelve in 15.3% and when under that age in 39%. The radiological findings should not override one's clinical judgment, and the age of the patient should be considered when conclusions are to be drawn from the radiological findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of iliac and femoral arteries in severe lower-limb ischaemia.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed 92 times in 86 patients with severe lower-limb ischaemia (40% occlusion), giving rise to rest pain and/or gangrene. The patients were thereafter observed for periods up to 5 years. Criteria for success were appearance of normal groin pulse (iliac angioplasty) or persistent greater than or equal to 0.15 rise in arm/ankle blood pressure index (femoropopliteal angioplasty). The respective technical success rates were 82% and 64%. The complication rate was 10.9%, including 5.4% distal embolization. Patency rates were higher in iliac than in femoropopliteal lesions, in stenotic than occluded vessels, and also when the lesion was shorter than 5 cm and if there was good run-off. Limb salvage exceeded patency by 10% in the iliac procedures and by 15% in the femoropopliteal. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is recommended for selected cases of severe lower-limb ischaemia, and should always be considered for limb salvage. Reocclusion does not necessarily imply clinical failure. Technical failures should be included in calculated patency rates in order to document the method's limitations.

Adult↗