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A Kapil

Publications and source records attributed to A Kapil.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Anti-complement activity of oleanolic acid: an inhibitor of C3-convertase of the classical complement pathway.

Oleanolic acid is a naturally occurring compound, isolated from Luffa cylindrica, which inhibits the in-vitro immunohaemolysis of antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes by guinea-pig serum. In further experiments this reduced immunohaemolysis was found to be due to inhibition of the C3-convertase of the classical complement pathway. The threshold concentration for inhibition of C3-convertase was 100 micrograms mL-1. However, higher concentrations of oleanolic acid showed constant inhibitory effects on immunohaemolysis. Oleanolic acid also exhibited weak inhibitory effects on individual components of the complement system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

S. typhi with transferable chloramphenicol resistance isolated in Chandigarh during 1983-87.

Plasmid mediated chloramphenicol resistance in S. Typhi has been reported since the outbreak in Kerala in 1972 from India. 876 strains of S. typhi isolated at Chandigarh during Jan 1983 to July 1987 were investigated for the incidence of chloramphenicol resistance. In 1983 34% of the total isolated were resistant to chloramphenicol, in 1984 24%, during 1985 5% & while in 1986 2% of the strains showed chloramphenicol resistance. The resistant strain showed chloramphenicol resistance. The resistant strains had an minimum inhibitory concentration of 64-128 ug/ml for chloramphenicol. All the resistant strains showed multiple drug resistance with the resistance pattern CSSuT. Of these 50 strains were studied for their mechanism of resistance by conjugation experiments which showed that CSSUT pattern could be transferred to E. coli J-53 and E. coli J-62 in primary and secondary transfer experiments indicating that the resistance was carried on a transferable plasmid.

Chloramphenicol Resistance↗
PubMed1993

Antihepatotoxic effects of major diterpenoid constituents of Andrographis paniculata.

The diterpenes andrographolide (I), andrographiside (II) and neoandrographolide (III) isolated from Andrographis paniculata were investigated for their protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced in mice by carbon tetrachloride or tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) intoxication. Pretreatment of mice with the diterpenes (I, II & III; 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 consecutive days produced significant reduction in malondialdehyde formation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and enzymatic leakage of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in either group of the toxin-treated animals. A comparison with the known hepatoprotective agent silymarin revealed that I exhibited a lower protective potential than II and III, which were as effective as silymarin with respect to their effects on the formation of the degradation products of lipid peroxidation and release of GPT and AP in the serum. GSH status was returned to normal only by III. The greater protective activity of II and III could be due to their glucoside groups which may act as strong antioxidants.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the liver protective potential of piperine, an active principle of black and long peppers.

Piperine, an active alkaloidal constituent of the extract obtained from Piper longum and Piper nigrum, was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic potential in order to validate its use in traditional therapeutic formulations. This plant principle exerted a significant protection against tert-butyl hydroperoxide and carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by reducing both in vitro and in vivo lipid peroxidation, enzymatic leakage of GPT and AP, and by preventing the depletion of GSH and total thiols in the intoxicated mice. Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug was tested simultaneously for comparison. Piperine showed a lower hepatoprotective potency than silymarin.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Anticomplementary activity of boswellic acids--an inhibitor of C3-convertase of the classical complement pathway.

Boswellic acids (BA), an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic principle/s of Boswellia serrata, were found to possess anticomplementary activity. It inhibits the in vitro immunohaemolysis of antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes by pooled guinea-pig serum. The reduced immunohaemolysis was found to be due to inhibition of C3-convertase of the classical complement pathway. The threshold concentration for inhibiting C3-convertase was found to be 100 micrograms. However, higher concentrations of BA showed constant inhibitory effects on immunohaemolysis. BA also exhibited weak inhibitory effects on individual components of the complement system. In vivo administration of BA also showed the inhibitory effect on guinea-pig serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy.

In this report we describe 26 pregnancies complicated by hypothyroidism cared for over 6.5 years at AIIMS, New Delhi. In 2 women hypothyroidism was diagnosed during pregnancy; others were diagnosed before pregnancy and continued to receive thyroxine replacement therapy throughout pregnancy. The thyroxine treatment needed readjustment in 7 (26.9%) pregnancies to maintain euthyroidism. Maternal complications included anaemia (23.0%), pregnancy induced hypertension (26.9%), postpartum haemorrhage (7.7%), intrauterine growth retardation (15.4%), postdatism (30.8%), and deficient lactation (19.2%). Perinatal mortality was 3.9%. No case of stillbirth occurred probably because of intensive fetal monitoring and timely termination of pregnancies on evidence of intrauterine fetal compromise. One neonatal death occurred due to fetal thyrotoxicosis. In these cases close surveillance during pregnancy is needed to maintain optimum thyroid hormone concentration, and intensive fetal monitoring is required to achieve a good perinatal outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of SSPE: a serological study.

The presence of measles antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 340 samples from children clinically suspected of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were studied. One hundred and thirty eight (40%) of these children had SSPE based on the serological evidence. The mean age group of children affected was 8.2 years. The M:F ratio was 5:1. The titres of antibodies ranged from 1:2 to 1:32 in the CSF and from 1:16 to 1:512 in the serum.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Origin, kinetics of circulation and fate in vivo of the major excretory-secretory product of Acanthocheilonema viteae.

The excretions-secretions (E-S) of Acanthocheilonema viteae consist mainly of one product, molecular weight 62kDa. This molecule is synthesized during the vertebrate phase of the parasite life-cycle and is first detectable in the E-S of L4 parasites. It is cross-reactive with E-S of human filarial parasites as a consequence of possessing a phosphorylcholine (PC) moiety. The 62 kDa molecule has been employed as a model for the study of the origin and fate of filarial E-S. Immunohistological analysis has shown the molecule to be located predominantly in the parasite gut. Transplantation of adult female [35S] methionine pulsed worms into uninfected jirds resulted in the radio-labelled secreted 62 kDa antigen being detected in the bloodstream within 4 h by SDS-PAGE/immunoprecipitation analysis. The systemic half-life of the molecule as estimated by clearance of injected, purified 125I-labelled material was measured in naive and infected jird hosts. It was reduced from 2-7 h in naive animals to less than 30 min in 4-10 week infected rodents, a finding which correlated with clearance of antigen by antibody in the infected group. In animals infected for longer time periods the serum half-life returned to the values observed in naive jirds. The idea that this change in half-life may reflect differences in the nature of 62 kDa antigen containing circulating immune complexes as infection progresses is discussed. The 125I-labelled antigen is predominantly removed from the circulation via the liver and ultimately excreted in the urine in a non-antigenic form. This work provides the first description of the origin, kinetics of circulation and fate of a defined filarial E-S product and may aid in determining the function and assessing the diagnostic utility of PC-bearing E-S components.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of rubella virus and cytomegalovirus infections in suspected cases of congenital infections.

Although rubella virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are important causes of congenital infections, information on their prevalence in our country is scarce. We studied a total of 249 infants suspected of having congenital infections from January 1988 to September 1989. Serum samples of these infants were tested for rubella and cytomegalovirus specific IgM antibodies by mucapture ELISA. Thirty (12%) infants were positive for rubella IgM antibody, and 50 (20%) had CMV specific IgM antibody. In the group presenting with hepatosplenomegaly (n = 56) rubella and CMV specific IgM antibodies were detected in 1 (1.7%) and 25 (44.6%) infants respectively. In the group presenting with congenital malformations (n = 90), 23 (25.5%) were positive for rubella, and only 9 (10%) had CMV IgM antibodies. Of the infants presenting with mental retardation (n = 39), only CMV infection was detected in 3 (7.7%) infants, whereas amongst the group showing intrauterine growth retardation (n = 16), 5 (31.25%) had CMV specific IgM antibodies and 2 (12.5%) had rubella specific IgM antibodies. In the miscellaneous group (n = 48), 4 (8.3%) and 8 (16.6%) infants had rubella and CMV IgM antibodies respectively. CMV infection was prevalent in a significantly higher number of children with hepatosplenomegaly than rubella while in infants with congenital malformations a significantly higher number had rubella infection. It is concluded that rubella and CMV infections are commonly seen in children with intrauterine infections in our population.

Antibodies, Viral↗