Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Kano

Publications and source records attributed to A Kano.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on pulmonary vascular tone and membrane permeability in blood-perfused dog lung.

We studied the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on pressor response, microvascular filtration coefficient (Kf), extravascular lung water, and plasma concentrations of cyclooxygenase- and 5-lipoxygenase-derived products in 21 blood-perfused dog lungs with constant flow. The lungs were perfused for 1 h with an intrapulmonary injection of saline as vehicle (n = 5), a low dose of ASA [136 +/- 25 (SD) micrograms/ml perfusate; n = 5], a high dose of ASA (1,006 +/- 278 micrograms/ml perfusate; n = 6), or alloxan (1,000 mg; n = 5). Alloxan significantly increased Kf and extravascular lung water, whereas neither the low nor high dose of ASA increased Kf or extravascular lung water. The ASA-induced increase in vascular resistance did not correlate with the extent of the decrease in perfusate 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha or the ratio of perfusate 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha to thromboxane B2. Moreover, ASA did not enhance the generation of perfusate leukotrienes B4, D4, or E4. We conclude that pulmonary microvascular permeability is unaltered by ASA and that neither the decrease in plasma prostacyclin nor the increase in plasma sulfidopeptide leukotrienes may account for ASA-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1993

[Urease test].

In order to elucidate bacterial infection, as a rule, isolated and cultured bacteria of a specimen are identified by their morphologies or biochemical characteristics. However, the culture of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is difficult and takes, much time. Therefore, favorable test results are currently obtained by combining the culture method, histopathologic method, urease test and sero-immunologic test. The merits of the urease test are that judgement is available immediately after endoscopy and that the test is inexpensive. The demerits are that the existence of H. pylori is diagnosed only by estimation that endoscopy is indispensable for the test. When compared with the culture method, the urease test has 91.8% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity and when compared with the histopathologic method, it has 94.4% sensitivity 88.4% specificity. In the future, the clinical requirement will increase for quick investigation on the evidence of H. pylori-induced infection. These results show that urease test is useful because it is simple and allows quick judgement.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1992

Image feature analysis of false-positive diagnoses produced by automated detection of lung nodules.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To reduce the number of false-negative diagnoses by radiologists, the authors are developing a computer-aided diagnosis scheme for detection of lung nodules in digital chest images. In this study, the authors attempted to reduce the number of false-positive diagnoses obtained with a previous computer scheme by incorporating additional knowledge from experienced chest radiologists into the computer scheme. METHODS: The authors applied their previous computer scheme, using less-strict criteria, to 60 clinical chest radiographs; this yielded 735 candidate nodules (23 true nodules and 712 false-positive diagnoses). These candidates were analyzed using region-growing, trend-correction, and edge-gradient techniques to determine measures by which to quantify image features of candidate nodules. RESULTS: The 712 false-positive diagnoses represented various anatomic structures that were located throughout the chest image. From this analysis, we were able to decrease the number of false-positive errors from an average of 12 to approximately 5 per image without eliminating any true nodules. CONCLUSION: Our results show that incorporating knowledge from experienced chest radiologists into the computer algorithm will play an important role in the development of computerized schemes for the detection of pulmonary nodules.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of relapse in peptic ulcer.

Four hundred and two patients with peptic ulcer were selected for acute therapy with either pirenzepine (100 mg/day) or cimetidine (800 mg/day) using the envelope method. Those who achieved healing within 3 months (251 patients) were randomized in a double-blind fashion to maintenance therapy with either pirenzepine (75 mg/day) or placebo. In a preliminary study of 163 patients in which a multiple regression life-table method was employed, 4 out of 15 possible predictors were found to have a significant influence on relapse. These were site of ulcer lesions, psychological stress, endoscopic findings at the time of healing of the original ulcers, and acute therapy. Stratified analysis of the evolution of relapse by the Cutler-Ederer life-table method indicated that several other factors also influenced relapse in certain patient subgroups. Most relapses (93.8%) occurred at the same site as, or close to the site of, the original ulcers, indicating that ulcer scars also play a role in relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Novel anticodon composition of transfer RNAs in Micrococcus luteus, a bacterium with a high genomic G + C content. Correlation with codon usage.

The number and relative amount of isoacceptor tRNAs for each amino acid in Micrococcus luteus, a Gram-positive bacterium with high genomic G + C content, have been determined by sequencing their anticodon loop and its adjacent regions and by selective labelling of tRNAs. Thirty-one tRNA species with 29 different anticodon sequences have been detected. All the tRNAs have G or C at the anticodon first position except for tRNA(ICGArg) and tRNA(NGASer), in response to the abundant usage of NNC and NNG codons. No tRNA with the anticodon UNN capable of translating codon NNA has been detected, in accordance with a very low or zero usage of NNA codons. The relative amount of isoacceptor tRNAs for an amino acid determined by selective labelling strongly correlates with usage of the corresponding codons. On the basis of these and other observations in this and other eubacterial species, we conclude that the relative amount and anticodon composition of isoacceptor tRNA species are flexible, and their changes are mainly adaptive phenomena that have been primarily affected by codon usage, which in turn is affected by directional mutation pressure.

Anticodon↗
PubMed1990

[An advanced gastric cancer with varied histopathologic features including a choriocarcinoma: report of a case].

A 77-year-old male, complaining of epigastralgia, was admitted to hospital. An upper GI series revealed a hemispheric filling defect at the greater curvature of the lower gastric body and two submucosal tumor-like lesions of the antrum. Closer inspection revealed a tumor measuring 60 x 42 mm, with an irregular ulcer, and two submucosal tumor-like lesions with bridging folds, measuring 42 x 28 mm and 20 x 14 mm, respectively. Histologically, the microscopic features in the ulcerated tumor showed a variety of tumor cells with clear PAS-positive cytoplasms and marked atypical nuclei forming glandular structures that predominated. Additionally, a clear cell carcinoma, a papillary adenocarcinoma, a signet-ring cell carcinoma, and a choriocarcinoma were partially seen. Finally, in the submucosal tumor-like lesions, diffuse small tumor cells with scanty PAS-positive cytoplasms without granular structures were seen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Effects of 17 beta-estradiol on the responses to vasoactivators and electrical transmural stimulation in isolated dog arteries.

The effects of 17 beta-estradiol, one type of estrogen, on the contractile and relaxant responses associated with the release of TXA2-like and PGI2-like substances activated by vasoactive substances and electrical transmural stimulation in isolated dog arteries were evaluated. The basilar artery and interlober branches of the renal artery were suspended with a tension of 1.5 g, in a tissue organ bath containing 20 ml of Krebs-Henseleit solution, which was maintained at 37 +/- 0.5 degrees C and aerated with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2, and isotonic changes were recorded. 17 beta-Estradiol increased the contractile response of the basilar artery caused by the release of a TXA2-like substance mediated by muscarinic cholinergic and angiotensin II receptors, and inhibited the relaxant response of the renal artery caused by the release of PGI2-like substance mediated by angiotensin II receptor. It inhibited the relaxant response when PGI2 was exogenously applied to the renal artery. These results indicate that estradiol increases the TXA2/PGI2 ratio. In this study, it was considered that estradiol is involved in the production of TXA2 and PGI2, which can be a cause of vasospasms.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A small carcinoma of the rectum with a singular histopathologic feature. Report of a case.

A case of small carcinoma of the rectum with four different histologic types is presented. The carcinoma was a round node (7 X 7 X 2 mm) surrounded by a flat discolored zone (14 X 14 mm) and had four independently different histologic types: well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma with microtubular structure, mucinous carcinoma, and signet-ring cell carcinoma. In part of the tumor the direct transition between well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma was seen. The authors believe that the case of rectal carcinoma was a primary form of linitis plastica.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[A phase I study of VP-16-213 (VP, etoposide) by single and 5-day intravenous administration].

A phase I study of VP was undertaken using the methods of a single (40 cases; range of dose levels 30-540 mg/m2) and 5-day (41 cases; range of dose levels 40-140 mg/m2/day) intravenous administration. The dose-limiting toxicity of VP was moderate to severe leukopenia. MTD was estimated to be 540 mg/m2 for a single and 140 mg/m2/day for 5-day administration. The median days to WBC nadir from the start of therapy and to recovery from reaching the nadir were 10 and 10.5 for single, and 15 and 7 for 5-day administration, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was less frequent and less pronounced than leukopenia. Mild gastrointestinal disturbances and alopecia were frequently observed. Transient hepatic dysfunction, fever, headache, fatigue, dyspnea, hypotension, and pain along the vein were also encountered in a small number of patients. There were no cases with renal, neurologic or cardiac toxicity. Objective tumor regression was seen in one case each of IBL(CR), bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and ATL (PR). The post-infusion plasma decay of VP in 4 cases given 80-120 mg/m2 by a single administration was biphasic with t1/2 alpha ranging from 0.13 to 0.39 h and t1/2 beta ranging from 3.33 to 4.85 h. No accumulation of VP was found in plasma after five repeated daily doses. Doses of 360-480 mg/m2 by single and 80-100 mg/m2/day by 5-day administration repeated every 3 to 4 weeks can therefore be recommended for phase II studies in good-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (bifemelane hydrochloride, MCI-2016) on cerebral glucose metabolism].

To predict the influence of MCI-2016 on cerebral energy metabolism, the activity of MCI-2016 on uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose ([14C]-DG) into the brain under normal or hypoxic conditions, formation of 14CO2 from 14C-glucose in the brain, and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were examined. Cerebral uptake of [14C]-DG in mice were significantly enhanced by 6 day repeated administration of MCI-2016 (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and Ca-hopantenate (100 mg/kg, i.p.). The two drugs showed a slight enhancing effect on [14C]-DG uptake after single administration. As an index of cerebral glucose metabolism, 14CO2 formation from 14C-glucose was also stimulated by 6 day repeated administration of MCI-2016 (100 mg/kg, p.o., mice and rats) and Ca-hopantenate (250 mg/kg, i.p., rats). MCI-2016 moderately attenuated the decreased [14C]-DG uptake under the hypoxic condition in rats after 6 day repeated administration (100 mg/kg, p.o.). In addition, local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in rats was also significantly potentiated by MCI-2016 (100 mg/kg, p.o., 6 days) in the areas of the visual cortex, thalamus ventral nucleus and uvula. From these results, MCI-2016 may be suggested to have a moderate activating effect on cerebral energy metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

[Fibrinolytic therapy for toxemia of late pregnancy--experimental studies of pregnant rabbits treated with urokinase].

The method for dosing with urokinase (UK) during toxemia of pregnancy, now being studied by us with non- and pregnant rabbits has remained unclarified. The kg/body weight doses determined were 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 in each unit, and the following results were obtained from methods A: a rapid injection, and B: a rapid injection of half the volume followed by drip infusion of the remaining half. The following characteristics of both groups tended to resemble each other: (a) The ELT shortening rate was enhanced with A at doses of 2,500 and 5,000 units/kg, and with B at doses of 10,000 and 20,000 units/kg. (b) alpha 2-antipl., and plg., which tended to decrease with A at doses of 2,500 and 5,000 units/kg, decreased with B more than with A when given 20,000 units/kg. (c) An upward peak of serum FDP was seen in A at 5 minutes and in B at 120 minutes after doses of 10,000 and 20,000 units/kg. Changes with platelet count, PT, APTT and Fbg. were not of significance either both group compared in the non-treated rabbits, irrespective of the dose method employed. Thus, the dose amount of UK during pregnancy nearly equivalent to that in non-pregnancy is seen to be required for enhancement of fibrinolytic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Fibrinolysis in pregnancy toxemia].

Pathogenesis of toxemia of pregnancy has been studied of late in terms of coagulation and fibrinolysis, and the results show evidence of hypercoagulability but not of fibrinolysis which has remained unclarified. Our study aims to elucidate the fibrinolytic kinetics of toxemia in normal pregnant women divided into mild and severe types and eclampsia, and also to study changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in toxemia given urokinase. In the affected group the following 1)--3) parameters characteristics were more significant than in other groups. 1) Decreased platelet count. 2) Prolonged ELT. 3) Increased AT-III. 4) There was no significant difference between the groups examined in PT, APTT, Fbg., serum FDP, alpha 2-antipl., alpha 1-AT, alpha 2-MG, C1-INA, and plg. 5) Signs in eclampsia, with region slightly distributed, tended to resemble those in the serious group. 6) alpha 2-antipl., and alpha 1-AT in the case given urokinase tended to decrease. 7) There was observed a case of accelerating and lowering fibrinolysis that appeared simultaneously with the following signs: decreased alpha 2-antipl., increased serum FDP, and prolonged ELT; and also the case whose signs widely changed even after a relatively small dose of urokinase. The results obtained suggest the possibility of variable fibrinolytic kinetics.

Female↗