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Biomedical subjects

A Kamada

Publications and source records attributed to A Kamada.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pharmacological effects on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in vitro and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

We examined the effects of pentoxifylline, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and calcium hopantenate on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in vivo and in vitro. In vitro study, pentoxifylline at 3 and 15 micrograms/ml significantly increased P50 from the placebo (27.0 +/- 0.3 Torr, mean +/- SE) to 28.2 +/- 1.7 and 28.1 +/- 1.3 Torr respectively (p less than 0.05) after 4 hours incubation. With 75 micrograms/ml pentoxifylline, P50 increased slightly to 27.8 +/- 1.4 Torr (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). 2,3-DPG was slightly higher (0.05 less than p less than 0.1) with pentoxifylline of 3 (11.15 +/- 4.12 mumol/gHb) and 75 micrograms/ml (10.62 +/- 2.32 mumol/gHb) than placebo. Other agents, 1-100 micrograms/ml of CoQ10 and 0.01-1 mg/ml of calcium hopantenate, neither P50 nor 2,3-DPG, Hb,ATP and glucose were changed compared to placebo. In vivo study, after administration of pentoxifylline 300 mg per day orally for 4 weeks to seven patients with COPD, P50 increased significantly from 29.0 +/- 0.6 to 30.4 +/- 0.6 Torr (p less than 0.05) and 2,3-DPG increased slightly from 11.67 +/- 0.56 to 14.33 +/- 1.12 mumol/gHb (p less than 0.1). These results suggest that pentoxifylline reduces hemoglobin-oxygen affinity by increasing 2,3-DPG and improves oxygen delivery to the tissues in patients with COPD.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1988

Arterial H+ as a determinant for interindividual variability of respiratory chemosensitivity to hypoxia in man.

Ventilatory response to normocapnic progressive hypoxia (A/BSA) was measured in 76 healthy males to examine how arterial blood gases and acid base status are involved in interindividual variability of hypoxic chemosensitivity. A/BSA and HCO3- were significantly higher in Group 1 (26 subjects, mean age = 15.8 +/- S.D. 0.9 years) than those in Group III (26 subjects, mean age = 46 +/- 7.1 years). A/BSA and HCO3- in Group II (24 subjects, mean age = 29.8 +/- 6 years) were in the middle of Groups I and III. Arterial blood gases and H+ were similar among the 3 groups. Arterial H+ correlated inversely with A/BSA (subjects with lower arterial H+ on air had higher hypoxic response) in Group I, while the correlation was positive (subjects with higher H+ on air had higher hypoxic response) in Group III. The correlation was not seen in Group II. PaCO2 and H+ correlated positively in the 3 groups. Intrasubject stability was equivalent among H+, PaCO2, and HCO3- (mean coefficients of variation = 1.81, 1.83, and 1.65, respectively), but smaller than that in PaO2 (3.28%). These results indicate that interindividual variability in hypoxic ventilatory response is related to arterial H+ in adolescent and middle age groups but the relation is opposite between the 2 groups.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of differences in oxygen affinity on circulatory response to hypoxia].

It is well known that tissue hypoxia is an important prognostic predictor in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Compensatory responses to acute hypoxia occur in various organs and the magnitude of such response may also be an important factor in prognosis. P50, (oxygen tension at which the hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen) is recognized as one of the factors affecting oxygen supply to the tissue. These studies were made to determine whether differences of P50 affect the circulatory response to acute hypoxia. Studies were made on nineteen male patients with COPD. They were divided into two groups according to low (less than 26.6 torr) or high (greater than 26.6 torr) P50. Isocapnic hypoxia was induced progressively with the patients being under right cardiac catheterization. The low P50 (25.8 +/- SD 0.6 torr) group included ten patients, and the high P50 (27.4 +/- 0.6 torr) group included nine patients. No differences could be detected in respect of pH, PaCO2, PaO2 or any hemodynamic parameters. Heart rate increased in both low and high P50 groups but the degree of the increase (delta HR/HR ROOM AIR x 100) in the high P50 group (20.7 +/- 9.2%) was significantly greater than in the low P50 group (9.4 +/- 10.9%). An increase in cardiac output was observed in the high P50 group (4.4 +/- 0.8 to 5.3 +/- 0.6 1/min), but not in the low P50 group (4.5 +/- 1.0 to 5.0 +/- 0.9 1/min). There was a significant positive relationship (r = 0.903) between hypoxic circulatory response and oxygen transport (TO2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of phenothiazines, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethyl maleate on in vitro rat colonic transport of cefmetazole and inulin.

An in vitro rat colonic sac method developed in this study was found to be suitable for frequent collection of samples and determination of transport of compounds from serosal and mucosal medium, since the volume of both was large. Under no a treatment condition, both cefmetazole and inulin penetrated the intestinal mucosa via the paracellular route, but did so very poorly. Phenothiazines as well as disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid increased the transport of cefmetazole and inulin, probably via the paracellular route, while diethyl maleate increased the transport of only cefmetazole, probably via the intracellular route. The effect of phenothiazines in increasing the clearance rate for both cefmetazole and inulin showed dependency on their initial concentrations in the mucosal medium with maximum action at a concentration of 30 microM for trifluoperazine, 20 microM for perphenazine, 75 microM for profenemine and 50 microM for propericiazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of phenothiazines and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide on rat colonic absorption of cefmetazole.

Rat colonic absorption of cefmetazole was increased significantly by calmodulin inhibitors such as phenothiazines and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) when they were coadministered at a concentration between 1 and 100 microM. The bioavailability of cefmetazole, determined by area under the blood concentration curve method, increased 20 to 30% by the coadministration of calmodulin inhibitors. It is speculated that the enhancing action of agents on rat colonic absorption of cefmetazole takes place by a paracellular route and coadministration of sodium ion increases their actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lymphatic transport of sodium cefoxitin in the presence of sodium 5-methoxysalicylate after injection into rat rectal connective tissue, femoral muscle and femoral vein.

Lymphatic uptake of sodium cefoxitin after injection into rectal connective tissue was greater than after injection into the femoral muscle of rats. Coadministration with sodium 5-methoxysalicylate enhanced lymphatic drug uptake at both sites. This enhancement may be an indirect result of 5-methoxysalicylate's suppression of vascular permeation of the cefoxitin. An adjuvant-induced increase in lymphatic fluid flow may also be partially involved in the enhancement of cefoxitin lymphatic transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enhanced bioavailability of insulin after rectal administration with enamine as adjuvant in depancreatized dogs.

Rectal absorption of insulin by depancreatized dogs was significantly enhanced by the coadministration of enamine as a suppository adjuvant and if this was followed by a further suppository containing enamine alone, the insulin absorption was even further enhanced. The additional enamine suppository resulted in high serum insulin concentrations for a longer time and effected a significant decrease in serum glucose concentrations. To decrease serum glucose concentrations effectively in depancreatized dogs, serum insulin levels had to remain high for a long period of time, rather than be transient.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1985

Effect of non-ionic surfactants in a polyacrylic acid gel base on the rectal absorption of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin in rats.

The effect of non-ionic surfactants in a polyacrylic acid gel base on the rectal absorption of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin, a calcitonin analogue, was studied in rats. Absorption was enhanced by a microenema which used a polyacrylic acid gel base, but it was reduced by the incorporation of polysorbate 80 (0.1-5% v/v). The incorporation of polyoxyethylene 9 lauryl ether (0.1-5% v/v) in the polyacrylic acid gel base enhanced the absorption. Rectal administration in the base containing 0.5% v/v polyoxyethylene 9 lauryl ether required a dose of the calcitonin 2-3 times greater than an intramuscularly administered dose to achieve an equivalent hypocalcaemic effect.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1985

Enhancement of nasal absorption of insulin and calcitonin using polyacrylic acid gel.

The effects of polyacrylic acid gel on the nasal absorption of insulin and [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin were investigated in rats. The nasal administration of insulin (1 IU kg-1) in polyacrylic acid gel at 0.1 and 1% w/v showed maximum hypoglycaemic effects at 30 min and 1 h after administration, respectively. However, the nasal administration of insulin in carboxymethyl cellulose (1% w/v) solution had no hypoglycaemic effect at the same dose. When [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin (10 U kg-1) was administered nasally in polyacrylic acid gel (0.1% w/v), a prominent hypocalcaemic effect was observed during the first 30 min. Nasal administration of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin in saline had no hypocalcaemic effect at the same dose. The results indicate that the polyacrylic acid gel base significantly enhanced the absorption of insulin and [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin via the nasal cavity.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Intestinal absorption mechanisms of gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide citrate (DN-1417) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

The absorption mechanisms of gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide citrate (DN-1417) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in the rat. In situ absorption experiments were carried out by the radioimmunoassay, and experiments using everted sacs of small intestine were by radioactivity measurements with 14C-labeled DN-1417 or 3H-labeled TRH in the low concentration range of drug and by a high pressure liquid chromatography in the rather high concentration range of drug. The site specificity of absorption in the small intestine of rats could not be found with DN-1417, whereas TRH-T was absorbed from only the upper part of small intestine. Dose-proportional absorption of DN-1417 was observed in experiments of in situ as well as in vitro. Dose-proportional transfer of DN-1417 through the everted small intestine was also found within the concentration range from 120 ng/ml to 27 mg/ml, whereas the transfer ratio of TRH decreased with increase in the concentration of TRH. DN-1417 transfer from mucosal to serosal fluid was not inhibited by the replacement of medium Na ions by K ions, pretreatment of intestinal mucosa with HgCl2, the existence of an oligopeptide, or the existence of beta-lactam antibiotics which had been reported to be absorbed by active transport or carrier-mediated transport systems. While, TRH transfer was inhibited by the replacement of medium Na ions by K ions, pretreatment of intestinal mucosa with HgCl2, the existence of an oligopeptide, and the existence of beta-lactam antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗