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Biomedical subjects

A Kalia

Publications and source records attributed to A Kalia.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Renal transplantation in the infant and young child.

Fourteen renal transplantations were performed in 13 children, aged 5 years or younger, including three infants. The mean duration of follow-up was 68 months, with a range of 14 to 203 months. Eleven children are alive; of these, nine had prolonged graft function. Graft survival rate was 92% at one year and 73% at two and five years following surgery. Sustained catch-up growth occurred in all growth-retarded children who underwent successful transplantation. At this writing, the oldest patient is 20 years of age and a junior in college; all school-age children are functioning at the appropriate grade level, except one, who is one year behind. The youngest child is 3 years old and is developing normally. Infants and young children appear to be good candidates for renal transplantation.

Child Development↗
PubMed1988

Sex of the parental donor and cellular rejection of renal allografts in children.

The survival of renal allografts of maternal and paternal origin has been assumed to be identical, and in reports concerning graft survival the outcome of parental transplants is not analyzed by sex of the donor. Fifty-five children received a parental kidney between January 1973 and March 1987 at one institution. There were 6 technical failures. Analysis of renal graft survival in the remaining 49 children indicates a disparity between maternal and paternal graft survival, with an increased propensity for loss of paternal grafts from cellular rejection. Nine of 22 parental grafts are no longer functioning; 7 were lost from cellular rejection. In comparison, cellular rejection resulted in the loss of only 2 of 27 maternal grafts. This disadvantage of paternal grafts is most conspicuous in patients followed for 2 or more years; 7 of 15 paternal but only 1 of 20 maternal grafts were lost because of cellular rejection (P = 0.01). With causes of graft loss other than cellular rejection treated as withdrawal, actuarial survival of the 27 maternal grafts at 1 and 5 years is 96% and 91%, respectively, while that of the 22 paternal grafts is 83% and 58% (P = 0.017). Analysis of data from other centers will help determine whether our observation is of clinical significance.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Theoretical study on binding of Hoechst 33258 with oligonucleotides.

Computer modelling with an energy minimization procedure is used here to obtain stereochemical and energetic details for complexes of the dye Hoechst 33258 with different oligonucleotide sequences. An optimised model of the dye with d(A)5 X d(T)5 is in conformity with previous proposed models. It has bifurcated hydrogen bonds between N2H and N4H of benzimidazole rings with N3 of adenine and O2 of thymine. Relative binding energies with different oligonucleotides show preference for AT containing sequences, with an intermediate affinity between that for netropsin and distamycin-2. Reduced binding is observed at high ionic concentration. The benzimidazole rings are twisted with respect to the phenol ring in the optimal model. This gives desired curvature to the molecule which is stabilised by intermolecular forces.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed1986

Energetics of interaction of oligopeptide (lac 53-57) with DNA base sequences and origin of sequence-specific recognition.

Computer model building with a dynamic energy minimization procedure is used here to study the interaction of a pentapeptide sequence from the lac repressor headpiece (lac 53-57) with different base sequences of DNA. The peptide fragment for this purpose was considered in the classical beta-antiparallel as well as the beta-associated conformation. The model of its interaction with DNA was optimised for various binding positions and base sequences. Partitioning of energy is analysed for different dielectric constant values and the main contributing factors to sequence-specific binding are discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Percutaneous renal biopsy in infants and young children.

Records of 55 percutaneous renal biopsies performed in 53 children aged 5 days to two years were reviewed. Radiographic or ultrasound imaging techniques were not utilized during the biopsy procedure. Forty-nine of 55 biopsy attempts yielded sufficient tissue for histologic evaluation (89.1%). Transient gross hematuria not requiring intervention was the sole complication and was noted in 6 of 55 biopsy attempts (10.9%). Percutaneous renal biopsy can be performed safely in very young children and the success of the procedure is comparable to that in older children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

On the origin of sequence dependent structural changes in DNA.

Sequence specificity in the backbone conformation of DNA is controlled mostly by the electrostatic part of the base backbone interactions. However, local mobility or orientation of the bases depends on stacking and base backbone interactions. Latter has both non-bonded and electrostatic components. Environmental factors manifest themselves essentially through the electrostatic part of base-backbone interactions. They affect both backbone as well as internal core conformation and play a great role in biological recognition.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1981

The association of idiopathic hypercalciuria and asymptomatic gross hematuria in children.

Seven children with asymptomatic gross hematuria are described. Six had recurrent hematuria; one had a single episode. Occasional global glomerulosclerosis and/or mesangial electron dense deposits were present in the three patients in whom renal biopsy was performed; the changes were felt to be insufficient to account for the hematuria. None of the patients had urolithiasis or any significant urinary tract abnormality. One was an adopted child; a family history of urolithiasis was obtained in the other six. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was documented in six patients; the seventh subsequently passed a calcium oxalate calculus. One patient is 10 weeks of age at the time of this submission. Of the remainder, three patients received no specific therapy; renal calculi developed six months, six years, and eight years later. Three patients were treated with a thiazide diuretic soon after onset of hematuria and confirmation of idiopathic hypercalciuria; there was complete cessation of hematuria within five days with no recurrence as long as therapy was continued. We suggested that measurement of urinary calcium excretion as part of the initial evaluation of a child with gross hematuria may, in some cases, obviate invasive investigations and allow for effective therapy.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dialysis therapy in end-stage renal disease.

The prognosis for children on dialysis has improved significantly in the past two decades. Much of this improvement can be attributed to the realization that adequate nutrition is a critical element of dialysis therapy and long-term morbidity and mortality in the dialysis population are closely linked to the nutritional state. Recommendations for nutritional intake have been formulated for infants and children with end-stage renal disease that take into account not only the metabolic derangement but also the effect of the dialysis treatment itself on the gain and loss of nutrients. In addition, the relationship between nutritional intake and the "dose" of dialysis is becoming clearer. Increasing experience in pediatric dialysis is enabling better selection of the mode of dialysis for children of different ages. The realization that the permeability of the peritoneal membrane is different from individual to individual has led to customized dialysis prescriptions with a consequent increase in the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis. When combined with improvements in therapy of medical complications of chronic renal failure, including the availability of synthetic erythropoetin++ and growth hormone and the management of renal osteodystrophy, dialysis is becoming a fully-functional tool in the management of children with end-stage renal disease.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical study of schizophrenia family work.

This article presents a care study which outlines the interventions that are necessary to enhance a family's knowledge of schizophrenia, daily living, performance and coping skills.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: molecular perspectives.

Multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis seriously threaten tuberculosis (TB) control and prevention efforts. Molecular studies of the mechanism of action of antitubercular drugs have elucidated the genetic basis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. Drug resistance in M. tuberculosis is attributed primarily to the accumulation of mutations in the drug target genes; these mutations lead either to an altered target (e.g., RNA polymerase and catalase-peroxidase in rifampicin and isoniazid resistance, respectively) or to a change in titration of the drug (e.g., InhA in isoniazid resistance). Development of specific mechanism-based inhibitors and techniques to rapidly detect multidrug resistance will require further studies addressing the drug and drug-target interaction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated antinuclear antibody-negative lupus nephropathy in young children.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease in which the kidneys are frequently involved. The clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of SLE is based on the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) and the World Health Organization classification, respectively. A few adults who qualify as SLE by the ARA criteria but are antinuclear antibody (ANA)-negative have been reported. We found only one report of a child with SLE where renal disease was the only manifestation but who had a positive ANA. This report describes 3 children who presented with the nephrotic syndrome and in whom the renal histology is highly suggestive of SLE. Short-term follow-up as failed to demonstrate other systemic involvement and the ANA has continued to be negative.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗