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Biomedical subjects

A Kahn

Publications and source records attributed to A Kahn.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Frontal lobe changes in alcoholism: a review of the literature.

Alcohol can induce a wide spectrum of effects on the central nervous system. These effects can be recognized at the neurophysiological, morphological and neuropsychological levels. Several studies of the effect of alcohol on the frontal lobes were identified for review from MedLine, PsychLIT databases and by manual searching. In this review article, the different changes are examined in detail. Computed tomography studies have reported changes of frontal lobe in alcoholism, while magnetic resonance imaging studies supported these findings. Neurophysiological studies with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography have reported a decreased frontal lobe glucose utilization and reduced cerebral blood flow. There is also evidence from neuropsychological studies that there are specific deficits in alcoholism that suggest frontal lobe dysfunction. Considered together, these studies lend a strong credence to the concept of frontal lobe pathology in alcoholism. However, frontal lobe is not an isolated part of the brain and should be considered with its heavy connections to different cortical and subcortical areas of the brain.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled hypotensive anesthesia during spinal surgery. A retrospective study.

A retrospective study has been made of 264 posterior spinal fusions performed between 1972 and 1978 at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati. Two hundred ten of the procedures were performed under hypotensive anesthesia. Blood loss and total blood replacement were related to the mean arterial pressure (MAP) during surgery. A 42% reduction in total intraoperative loss and a 28%reduction in total blood requirements were demonstrated. The results were significantly different when patient age was considered in adults maintained below 80 mmHg MAP, blood loss was decreased by 33%, but the total blood requirement was decreased by only 6%; in children under 18 years of age maintained below 90 mmHg MAP, the blood loss was decreased by 49% and the blood requirement by 42%.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modifications of phosphoproteins and protein kinases occurring with in vitro aging of cultured human cells.

We have studied the age-related modifications of endogenous phosphorylations and protein kinases in seven different strains of cultured human cells (two fibroblastic and five human liver-derived strains). Endogenous phosphorylation of phosphopeptides by cells incubated in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate constantly changed with aging; these modifications could not be explained only by loss of replicative capacity of these cells. Total casein and phosvitin kinase activity did not change in the course of in vitro cell aging. Gel filtration chromatography and autophosphorylation of partially purified kinase preparations, however, seemed to indicate some age-related modifications of protein kinases. Electrophoresis of active enzymes demonstrated that some histone/protamine kinases decreased with aging while a new 3':5'-cyclic AMP-independent histone kinase band appeared progressively. It is proposed that new protein kinase isozymes could correspond to new genes progressively activated during cell aging and could be closely related to cell senescence and death.

Cell Survival↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neo-natal hyperbilirubinemia and G-6-PD Ankara deficiency, a new enzymatic variant discovered in a Turkish family (author's transl)].

A G-6-PD deficiency has been found in a Turkish male premature with neo-natal hyperbilirubinemia. His parents have no hemolytic antecedents. The propositus has a severe enzym deficiency in erythrocytes, a very decreased activity in leukocytes and platelets. His mother was heterozygous for this variant and his father had no abnormality. The deficient enzym was a new variant: G-6-PD Ankara. The main characteristics of this variant were the following: 1 degree severe enzym deficiency in erythrocytes (8% of normal); 2 degrees fast starch gel electrophoretic mobility (110% of normal); 3 degrees enzym instability in vivo and in vitro; 4 degrees increased KiNADPH; 5 degrees decreased molecular specific activity (58% of normal). Only variant B(-) G-6-PD deficiency have hitherto been described in Turkey. In contrast, G-6-PD Ankara is a fast variant and is unlike any other known variants.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraxial macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the medial right lower limb.

We report the orthopaedic management of a child with macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the medial aspect of the right lower limb. Bony and soft tissue overgrowth of the medial aspect of the lower limb resulted in valgus deformities at the subtalar joint, ankle, knee, and hip. The paraxial distribution, which has not been previously reported, suggests that the condition may be caused by alteration of somatic cells during limb bud development.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal occlusion during sleep in normal and near-miss for sudden death syndrome infants.

Obligatory nasal breathing has been suggested in the past as a contributor to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): nasal obstruction would result in death as infants were unable to breathe orally. To test this hypothesis, we studied 55 normal and 14 near-miss for SIDS infants during a whole-night polysomnography. On several occasions, the infant nares were gently occluded by the fingertips of the investigator. Infants continued to make respiratory efforts against the occluded nose for a variable time (apnoea time), then opened the mouth and started to breathe through it. Mean apnoea time in normal infants was 4.76 +/- 3.41 s (means +/- SD), and 6.54 +/- 4.25 s in near-miss for SIDS ones. These figures were not significantly different. Analysis according to sleep stage (quiet sleep: 4.08 +/- 3.24 s in normals and 6.50 +/- 4.18 s in near-miss for SIDS ones; active sleep: 6.54 +/- 3.67 s in normals and 6.58 +/- 4.76 s in near-miss for SIDS ones) did not disclose any significant difference between groups. There was no significant relationship between apnoea time and age in either group. In many cases, an arousal preceded the resumption of (oral) flow. However, in almost half of the occlusions, oral breathing was initiated during continuing sleep. We conclude: 1) infants are not obligatory nasal breathers, and 2) the nasal obstruction hypothesis should be discarded in the etiology of SIDS.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of the ventral position on blood gas in infants during sleep].

In order to study the role of the prone position upon a possible ventilatory depression during sleep, we have studied polygraphically 29 infants sleeping prone and supine. The infants were in good health and had a mean age of 18.7 weeks. Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures were recorded continuously. No significant change was seen in either body position for transcutaneous O2 and CO2, heart rate and respiratory rate. It is concluded that in the sleeping infant the prone position does not induce a change in the variables measured; no indication was found that there is an unfavorable effect of the prone position upon ventilatory adaptation during sleep.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safe oral rehydration of hypertonic dehydration.

Eighteen infants with severe hypernatremic dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis were rehydrated during the 1st day with an oral glucose electrolyte solution containing 60 mmol sodium/L at a mean rate of 120 ml/kg/24 h. These 18 children were safely treated with oral therapy alone. No convulsions were observed during treatment. The mean decrease in natremia was 0.32 mmol/L/h, which compared favorably with the mean fall in natremia of 26 other infants in similar initial conditions who were treated intravenously. The present study lends additional support to the opinion that a slow decrease in plasma sodium (less than 0.5 mmol/L/h) helps to avoid seizures during treatment. As no other untoward effects were observed, this study also confirms that oral solutions given at a slow rate can effectively replace intravenous fluids in the majority of such children.

Administration, Oral↗