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Biomedical subjects

A Kagan

Publications and source records attributed to A Kagan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Glucose intolerance and nine-year mortality in Japanese men in Hawaii.

The relationship between glucose intolerance and nine-year mortality was examined in a cohort of approximately 8,000 men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii who were 45 to 68 years of age at baseline examination. Age-adjusted mortality for death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and causes other than cardiovascular disease and cancer were significantly higher in men with glucose intolerance, defined by either medication for diabetes or 1-hour post-load serum glucose levels above the 90th percentile cut-point (225 mg/dl) at baseline examination, than in normoglycemic men. Although many cardiovascular risk factors were found to be associated with glucose intolerance, both post-load serum glucose level and medication for diabetes remained significant as risk factors for overall, cardiovascular and coronary death in multivariate logistic analysis in which confounding effects of age, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, body mass index and other important risk factors were taken into account.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

The "Stockholm stressone" and coronary heart disease.

A model is presented which links social change, stress and disease as a series of interacting variables. The mechanisms underlying Cannon and Selye stress are discussed and it is suggested that neither response properly meets the coping needs induced by current stressful experiences. Evidence from this Symposium and elsewhere suggests that coronary heart disease (CHD) has psychosocial stress as one of its major predisposing factors. Two key hypotheses are developed: that all psychosocial stresses may be reduced to a small number of categories, and that pathology arises when the stress responses are inappropriate to the problem in hand. Both of these hypotheses, if validated, could have practical value in assessing an individual's risk of contracting stress induced disease, and in demonstrating at a very early stage whether interventions were improving the situation or making it worse.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of methods for diagnosing angina pectoris: the Honolulu heart study.

Data from the Honolulu Heart Study suggest that the examining physician's clinical diagnosis, based on questioning the subject about chest pain, was more sensitive than the Rose questionnaire in detecting angina pectoris in a population of Japanese men. The 2 methods appear equally specific for coronary heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Serum cholesterol and mortality in a Japanese-American population: the Honolulu Heart program.

The authors have examined the relation of baseline serum cholesterol level to subsequent 9-year mortality in a cohort of Japanese-American men. The baseline serum cholesterol level was positively related to coronary heart disease mortality. It was inversely related to total cancer mortality and to mortality from cancers of the esophagus, colon, liver and lung and to malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system. When mortality in the first two years after examination was removed from consideration in an attempt to allow for existing clinical or subclinical disease, the inverse relation to cancer persisted but was statistically significant only for colon cancer and lung cancer among the common sites as well as for malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system. When known prevalence cases of cancer were eliminated from the computation, the inverse relation between cholesterol level and cancer mortality persisted significantly only for colon among the common cancer sites. The relation of baseline serum cholesterol level to total mortality in this cohort was quadratic; that is, there was an excess of deaths associated with serum cholesterol level at the high end of the distribution (mainly due to coronary heart disease) and at the low end (mainly due to cancer).

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Diet and its relation to coronary heart disease and death in three populations.

Baseline 24-hour dietary recalls from 16,349 men ages 45-64 years who had no evidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) were obtained in three prospective studies: the Framingham Study (859 men), the Honolulu Heart Study (7272 men) and the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program (8218 men). These men were followed for up to 6 years for the first appearance of CHD or death. Men who had a greater caloric intake or a greater caloric intake per kilogram of body weight were less likely to develop CHD manifest as myocardial infarction (MI) or CHD death, even though men of greater weight were more likely to develop CHD. This may reflect the benefit of greater physical activity. Men who consumed more alcohol were less likely to develop CHD, but more likely to die of causes other than CHD, particularly in the Honolulu study. In the Honolulu and Puerto Rico studies, but not in the Framingham study, men who consumed more starch were less likely to develop MI or CHD death. There was an inverse relation between starch intake and serum cholesterol, but it was too weak to explain fully the inverse starch-CHD association. There was also no evidence that the inverse relation between starch intake and incidence of CHD in the Honolulu and Puerto Rico studies was an indirect result of differences in fat intake. While the findings suggest additional areas for research, none of them would lead to an alteration of currently recommended preventive diets that emphasize lowering fat intake, because in isocaloric diets the logical way to balance a decreased fat intake is to increase the consumption of foods containing starch.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum cholesterol and colon cancer incidence in Hawaiian Japanese men.

A prospective study of cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) in 8,006 Hawaiian Japanese men, aged 45-68 years, showed that serum cholesterol levels below 180 mg/dl predicted low rates of CHD and high rates of colon cancer. Men with colon cancer had lower mean serum cholesterol levels than did other members of the cohort, including those with cancer at other sites. The lowest serum cholesterol levels were obtained from men who died as a result of colon cancer. The lack of such an association with other cancers and the persistence of this inverse association in colon cancer patients diagnosed 5-9.9 years after examination suggest that the low serum cholesterol was not due to preexisting disease. Right colon tumors showed the strongest inverse association with serum cholesterol. The differences between CHD and colon cancer in respect to serum cholesterol indicate that different subsets of the westernized Japanese population are affected.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Alcohol and cardiovascular disease: the Hawaiian experience.

Data from the Honolulu Heart Program indicate that there is an inverse relation between alcohol intake (up to 60 oz of ethanol/month) and the risk of coronary heart disease incidence and mortality. Alcohol intake is positively related to levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and to hypertension as defined by the criteria of the World Health Organization. Alcohol intake is not related to the incidence of cerebral infarction, but is positively related to the incidence of hemorrhage. Alcohol intake is also related to mortality from cirrhosis of the liver and from various types of cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of hydroxyapatite impregnation on skeletal bonding of porous coated implants.

Skeletal fixation of permanent implants by new methods such as fixation by mechanical interlocking of bone with porous prosthetic coatings or chemical bonding with bioactive materials shows growing potential. This paper reports on the resulting skeletal fixation of a combined porous and bioactive material. Metal plugs with a porous metal fiber coating impregnated with hydroxyapatite were implanted for 2, 4, and 12 weeks and were compared to the parent porous, nonbioactive, metal fiber material. Statistical analysis of the interfacial failure shear stress, as obtained by mechanical testing, shows there is a marked influence of hydroxyapatite impregnation on the rate of bone ingrowth and the strength of the interfacial bond the few weeks following surgery. Microscopical examination reveals that the apparent stimulation of bone ingrowth into the surface pores of the implant is the reason for the increased rate of bond formation. The results are of particular clinical interest: with an increased rate of bone ingrowth, weight bearing might be allowed much earlier, thus reducing the recuperation period.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Determinants of blood pressure in Japanese-American Families.

Blood pressure gave evidence for genetic heritability (0.24 for systolic 0.19 for diastolic) and for cultural heritability (0.16 for systolic, 0.09 for diastolic in children) in a sample of Japanese-American families. A small but significant fraction of cultural inheritance was due to maternal effects, possibly mediated through dietary habits. There was no convincing evidence for major loci causing hypertension in this population, and the polymorphism proposed by Platt was excluded as a principal cause of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Alcohol and mortality: the Honolulu Heart Study.

It has been shown previously that coronary heart disease was less likely to develop in Japanese men in Honolulu who drank alcoholic beverages than in those who abstained, and that the more they drank (up to about 60 ml/day of ethanol) the lower the risk. In this report on the same men, it is shown that the same sort of relation holds for mortality from coronary heart disease but that the reverse is true for death from cancer and from stroke. Men who drank were more likely to die from these causes than those who abstained, and the more they drank the greater the risk of death. Men who drank relatively large amounts were more likely to die from cirrhosis of the liver than other men. The resultant curve for total mortality is u-shaped, the lowest risk being for men who consumed from 1 to 10 ml/day of ethanol. Even at that low level of consumption, however, the risk of death from cancer or stroke was greater than it was for nondrinkers. In short, for this population of Japanese men, alcohol consumption appears to have some benefits and some hazards with regard to mortality, and the benefit or hazard depends on which cause of death is being considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Determinants of plasma uric acid.

Obesity, alcohol consumption, and hematocrit provide an index of plasma uric acid, which in path analysis has a cultural heritability of 0.11 in children and 0.23 in parents, a small maternal effect, and a genetic heritability of 0.25 in both generations. Preliminary evidence for a major locus is destroyed by the omission of one exceptional child. There is no evidence against the polygenic hypothesis for hyperuricemia in the Japanese-American population studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Short term bonding behaviour of bioglass coatings on metal substrate.

Bioglass specimens were implanted in 11 dogs for periods ranging between two and twelve weeks in order to study the short term bonding behaviour of bioglass coated on metal. Metal fibre porous coated specimens without bone growth inducive microlayer were implanted as controls. The conclusions reached pertain to the validity of push out test results, bioglass short term bonding and the effect of the dipping procedure to coat bioglass on metal: 1. It is impossible to compare the bonding effectiveness of bonding materials tested under slightly differing circumstances, and a fortiori at different laboratories, 2. there is no sufficient evidence to establish a difference in bone bonding strength with regard to trabecular bone of bioglass and metal fibre porous coated specimens at 2 and 4 weeks; at 12 weeks, however, a higher interfacial failure shear strength is obtained with the control porous specimens, 3. bone bonding may be hampered by compositional differences arising as a result of the processing of a bioglass on metal coating. Technologically it is, however, possible to exclude this problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cultural context of type A behavior and risk for CHD: a study of Japanese American males.

A total of 2437 Japanese American men living in Hawaii were given the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and classified as either type A or type B. Only 18% of the sample scored in the type A direction, a much lower percentage than usually found among white American males. There was a slightly higher prevalence of CHD among type A Japanese Americans than among their type B counterparts (5.7% vs. 3.6%, respectively). A factor analysis of JAS data produced three new factors for this population: HS (hard-driving and impatient), JH (ability to function successfully in job setting), and HW (hard-working). Those men who were more Westernized had a higher prevalence of CHD, expecially if they were also type A, in terms of both geographical mobility and intergenerational change. The results are discussed in light of the dual role of sociocultural influences and behavioral characteristics (type A/B) which predispose an individual to CHD.

Aged↗