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Biomedical subjects

A K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A K Sharma.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of testosterone on diethylstilbestrol toxicity and comparison to a recovery study in the rat epididymis and vas deferens.

Effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment (30 daily i.m. injections) in reproductive function in the male rat were investigated. These functions were evaluated with sperm counts, motility, fertility, morphology, serum testosterone, and a number of biochemical tests in rat epididymis and vasa deferentia. DES treatment resulted in a 15% loss of body weight and a 60 to 90% loss of weight of testes, epididymis, and vas deferens. Sperm parameters and fertility were reduced to nil by DES treatment. Likewise, the majority of the biochemical measures were severely depressed by the DES treatment. In general, the measured parameters were less affected or recovered with either testosterone cotreatment or 60 days of recovery, showing the role of androgen in maintaining functional integrity and metabolism. However, sperm parameters and fertility did not recover with testosterone cotreatment, which differs from withdrawal of treatment.

Animals↗
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Reversible effects of mercuric chloride on reproductive organs of the male mouse.

Effects of oral administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2, 1.25 mg/kg) daily for 30 d on the mouse testis, vas deferens, epididymis, and cauda epididymal sperm were investigated. Testis, vas deferens, and epididymis functions were evaluated with respect to sperm count, motility, and viability, and biochemical tests, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), adenosine triphosphatase, sialic acid, protein, cholesterol, and glycogen levels in these tissue. Sperm morphology and sperm nuclear integrity were evaluated with standard staining methods. Treatment did not affect whole body and tissue weights. Sperm parameters and fertility were reduced by HgCl2 and most of the biochemical parameters declined. Morphologic histologic alterations were also observed in the tissues studied. All parameters partially recovered after withdrawal of HgCl2 for 45 d.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulse oximetry for the assessment of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients.

Altered vascular responses to various thermal stimuli correlate well with the changes of autonomic neuropathy. These responses were assessed by the use of pulse oximetry. Standard cardiac autonomic function tests were performed in normal subjects (n = 12), diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy (n = 8), and diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy (n = 7). Autonomic functions in the same patients then were assessed by estimating the severity of vasospasm in response to cold stimulus with the help of pulse oximetry. Percentage fall in oxygen saturation at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 sec of exposure to cold stimulus was recorded on pulse oximeter. Time required for recovery and presence or absence of rebound rise following removal of cold stimulus were noted. In diabetics with autonomic neuropathy, the rate of fall in percentage oxygen saturation was significantly slower (p < 0.0001), less intense (p < 0.0001) and with delayed subsequent recovery (p = 0.013), compared to normal subjects. Rebound rise in oxygen saturation was absent in all the diabetics with autonomic neuropathy, compared to 2 of 12 normal subjects (p < 0.0001). We conclude that pulse oximetry may be a potentially useful, simple, and noninvasive bedside method for assessment of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood groups and enzyme types from human teeth.

Paired human teeth and fresh blood samples were analysed for the genetic markers ABO, PGM1, GLO-I, EsD, EAP, AK, ADA, 6-PGD, G-6-PD and CA-II. ABO blood groups were successfully determined from dentine, pulp and cement samples whereas only dental pulp could be typed for different isozymes. Studies on the persistence of these genetic markers in teeth stored at room temperature showed that ABO blood groups were the most stable, followed by PGM1 and ADA isozymes, whereas CA-II isozymes were the least stable.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
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Evaluation of newer diagnostic methods for the detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica in an endemic area.

We evaluated the colorimetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the detection and differentiation of Entamoeba spp. and compared the efficacy of E. histolytica-specific antigen detection in faeces with the detection of specific antibodies to E. histolytica-specific antigen in faeces, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Faecal samples were obtained from patients attending hospital in Chandigarh, India, from March 2001 to February 2002. The PCR-based colorimetric method was found to be the most sensitive (100%) and it could differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Entamoeba spp. The present study also emphasized that the antigen detection system may prove to be a better diagnostic tool than the antibody detection system in endemic areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ventricular septal defect and multiple aneurysms.

A 41-year-old man with a small perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) developed aneurysms and aortic elongation, tortuosity and dissecting aneurysm. The asymptomatic VSD, without pulmonary circulatory disturbance, was considered hemodynamically benign and too small to warrant surgical closure. However, prolonged strenuous sporting activities could have potentiated premature development of aortic sclerosis and the unusual vascular lesions secondary to the VSD, and an injury may have precipitated mural dissection in the vulnerable aortic wall. Clinicopathological analysis of the unusual complications associated with the VSD suggests that closure of the defect at an early age should be considered to possibly obviate premature degenerative, valvular and vascular changes in adulthood and also secondary endocardial infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-year follow-up after intracoronary gamma radiation therapy for in-stent restenosis. Original WRIST. Washington Radiation for In-Stent Restenosis Trial.

BACKGROUND: The Washington Radiation for In-Stent Restenosis Trial (WRIST) is a double-blinded randomized study evaluating the effects of intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). METHODS: One hundred and thirty patients with ISR (100 native coronary and 30 vein grafts) underwent PTCA, laser ablation, rotational atherectomy, and/or additional stenting (36% of lesions). Patients were randomized to either Iridium-192 IRT or placebo, with a prescribed dose of 15 Gy to a 2-mm radial distance from the center of the source. RESULTS: Angiographic restenosis (27% vs. 56%, P=.002) and target vessel revascularization (TVR; 26% vs. 66%, P<.001) were dramatically reduced at 6 months in IRT patients. Between 6 and 36 months, IRT compared to placebo patients had more target lesion revascularization (TLR; IRT=17% vs. placebo=2%, P=.002) and TVR (IRT=17% vs. placebo=3%, P=.009). At 3 years, the major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate was significantly reduced with IRT (39% vs. 65%, P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: In WRIST, patients with ISR treated with IRT using 192Ir had a marked reduction in the need for repeat target lesion and vessel revascularization at 6 months, with the clinical benefit maintained at 3 years.

Brachytherapy↗
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Epididymal sperm reserve in Buffalo-bulls (Bubalus bubalis).

Epididymal sperm reserve was determined in 6 sexually mature fertile buffalo-bulls having normal process of spermatogenesis. The relative distribution of spermatozoa in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis averaged 5.42, 0.75 and 11.45 billion respectively. Total epididymal sperm reserve per bull averaged 36.2 billion. In terms of percentage the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis contained 30.76, 4.25 and 64.99 per cent sperm respectively.

Animals↗