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Biomedical subjects

A K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A K Sharma.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Dual immunocytochemical analysis of oestrogen and epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer.

Recent studies have demonstrated a consistent inverse relationship between oestrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels in female human breast cancer. Serial cross-section studies have suggested that separate populations of ER+/EGFR- and ER-/EGFR+ cancer cells exist in tumours deemed by immunocytochemical assay (ICA) to be positive for both. We have developed a dual ICA that is able to stain for both ER and EGFR on a single 5 microns frozen section sample of breast tissue. Twenty-two samples of female human breast cancer tissue that exhibited positivity for ER and EGFR by ER-ICA using the H222 monoclonal antibody and EGFR-ICA using the EGFR1 monoclonal antibody underwent the dual ICA. There was a significant correlation in receptor positivity between the single and dual assays for both ER (rs = 0.801, P < 0.001) and EGFR (rs = 0.831, P < 0.001). Individual cancer cells exhibited one of three staining patterns: nuclear staining only (ER+/EGFR-), membrane-associated and cytoplasmic staining only (ER-/EGFR+) or no staining (ER-/EGFR-). No cancer cells exhibited both nuclear and membrane/cytoplasmic staining. This is the first description of a simultaneous dual immunocytochemical assay system for ER and EGFR in clinical breast cancer specimens. The results suggest that ER and EGFR expression are mutually exclusive within an individual breast cancer cell in vivo with separate populations of ER+/EGFR- cells, ER-/EGFR+ cells and ER-/EGFR- cells coexisting.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Interventional radiology in the management of superior thyroid artery injury which presents as a diagnostic dilemma.

Following a forgotten iron splinter injury, a 19 year old male developed a slowly increasing extrathyroidal haematoma, which presented as a diagnostic dilemma. Surgical exploration failed to establish a diagnosis and was complicated by severe haemorrhage. Emergency angiography demonstrated injury to the superior thyroid artery. Therapeutic embolization and surgical exploration resulted in functional and anatomical recovery of the thyroid lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Anophthalmia with cleft palate and micrognathia: a new syndrome?

A 5 day old male with bilateral anophthalmos, hypospadias, bifid scrotum, micrognathia, and cleft palate with normal chromosomes is described. There have been two case reports with similar clinical manifestations but associated with interstitial deletion of 14q (q22q23). We propose that either our patient represents a new syndrome or has a microdeletion which could not be detected on routine cytogenetics. High quality cytogenetics and FISH may show microdeletions in patients presenting with this clinical picture and normal chromosomes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of hypertension and subtypes in an Indian rural population: clinical and electrocardiographic correlates.

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hypertension (systolic > or = 140 and/or diastolic > or = 90 mmHg) and its subtypes such as borderline isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > or = 140, diastolic < 90 mmHg), definite isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > or = 160, diastolic < 90 mmHg), isolated diastolic hypertension (systolic < 160, diastolic > or = 90 mmHg) and definite hypertension (systolic > or = 160 and diastolic > or = 90 mmHg or hypertensives on treatment) in a rural population of a developing country. We have conducted a total community cross-sectional survey in a rural population of western India. 3148 persons (1982 males and 1166 females), aged > or = 20 years were examined in a cluster of three villages in Rajasthan. These were grouped into various subtypes of hypertension according to the US Fifth Joint National Committee and Framingham Study guidelines. The overall prevalence of hypertension and its subtypes was 24% in males and 17% in females. There was an age related increase in the prevalence of hypertension in both males and females. Only 7% males and 8% females were aware of their high BP. On subclassification of hypertensives it was seen that in males 12% had borderline isolated systolic hypertension, 2% had definite isolated systolic hypertension, 70% had isolated diastolic hypertension and 16% had definite hypertension. In females 18% had borderline isolated systolic hypertension, 2% had definite isolated systolic hypertension, 53% had isolated diastolic hypertension and 17% had definite hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cyclical mastalgia--is it a manifestation of aberration in lipid metabolism?

Several therapeutic and investigative studies suggest the possibility of the role of lipid profile aberrations in the pathophysiology of cyclical mastalgia. This prospective study is aimed to look for such aberrations. Fifty-seven patients of benign breast disease were included in this study who were symptomatic for at least 6 months prior to presentation. Detailed serum lipid profile work up was performed on day 1, 15 and 25 of menstrual cycle. The patients with symptoms of maximal severity (or limited to) during leuteal phase of menstrual cycle were included in group I (n = 32). Those who had mastalgia, but did not have above mentioned cyclical variation, were included in group II (n = 25). Since noncyclical mastalgia is a group of heterogeneous disorders of varied etiology, the patients in group II were treated as controls. At day 25, there was an elevation in mean values of HDL-C (P = 0.03) and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (P = 0.01), and reduction in TC/HDL-C ratio (P < 0.03), in group I. This has not been the case with group II patients. When the patients of mastalgia were treated with low fat dietary regimen, there was a significant difference in the responses of these two groups (P value < 0.0001). Based on the results of lipid profile study and dietary intervention, we conclude that cyclical mastalgia is an entity which is distinctly different from noncyclical mastalgia and needs a different therapeutic approach. Our data, both investigative and therapeutic, suggests that cyclical mastalgia may be a result of cyclical aberrations in lipid metabolism, and the physiological treatment in the form of an appropriate dietary regimen holds a considerable promise.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Mode, presentation, CT findings and outcome of pediatric head injury.

Twenty five to thirty per cent of all patients admitted with head injuries to any large hospital are children. Head injuries in children differ in several ways from those seen in the adult population. A standard management protocol is used in a service hospital and CT and neurosurgical consultation/transfer is based on specific criteria. The records of 312 patients admitted with head injury to Command Hospital (WC), Chandimandir were retrospectively analysed to compare the mode of injury, initial presentation, CT findings and the outcome of management between those above and those below the age of 10 years. Eighty seven (27.8%) of the 312 patients were children and 71% of them had sustained the injury due to fall from a height. One third of children were brought with vomiting and drowsiness and 9.2% with seizures, but lateralizing signs were found in only 5.7%. Nineteen children underwent a CT of the head and of these 74% had only cerebral edema. Only 4 of the 87 children were transferred to a neurosurgical unit. The mortality rate was lower in children (5.7%) compared to the older age group (11.6%) but the difference was not statistically significant. However, a significantly higher number (80.5%) of children recovered without any residual deficit. Majority of our children can be safely managed in a general surgical unit provided a multidisciplinary approach is used and facilities of CT are readily available, since very few require active neurosurgical intervention.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1994

Incidence of neural tube defects of Lucknow over a 10 year period from 1982-1991.

Open neural tube defects (NTD) in babies, occurring over a 10 yr period (1982-91), in four major maternity hospitals of Lucknow, were identified to analyse the incidence of this disorder. The overall incidence of NTD was found to be 3.9/1000. It was significantly higher in the teaching hospital compared to non-teaching hospitals. But there was no significant difference in the incidence of NTD between the Government and Private hospitals. During the decade (1982-91) under study there was no decline in NTD births. These data could serve as base-line for the incidence of NTD in north India, as NTD is expected to decline with the introduction of folic acid for the prevention of NTD.

Humans↗