Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A K Poznanski.
The effect of infusion height upon intravesical pressure during cystography was studied in three dogs and three patients. Results indicate that during bladder filling the intravesical pressure is independent of the reservoir height.
The variation in kidney length between the 1-minute radiograph (centered over the kidney) and the 5-minute study (centered over the mid-abdomen) was evaluated on 100 random excretory urograms. When both kidneys were measurable, the change in kidney size was discordant in 40%. Most such changes are due to changes in geometry, differences in centering, or changes in the angle of the kidney with respiration. These alterations are of much greater magnitude than the reported swelling of the kidney due to contrast medium. Since there is practically no relation between the time of injection and changes in renal image size, it makes no difference whether the 1-minute or 5-minute radiograph is selected for measurement.
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An osseous projection from the midportion of the metaphysis of the distal phalanges of the digits was seen in 79% of untreated children with primary hypothyroidism. There is a significant difference (p less than .0005) in the incidence of this projection between children with primary hypothyroidism and those with idiopathic hypopituitarism or psychosocial dwarfism. The presence of this projection together with delayed skeletal should suggest primary hypothyroidism.
A method of synchronizing tomograms with a predetermined phase of the respiratory cycle is described. Multiple short exposures are taken while the tube is in motion.
A small disc of lead placed on top of a closed incubator serves as a simple gonadal shield in the neonate. It is easily positioned by use of the collimator light.
The distance between the midpoint of the distal radial epiphyseal growth plate and the proximal end of the third metacarpal offers a useful measure for determining wrist size. Standards of this distance as compared to intermetacarpal width and second metacarpal length are presented. These measures (or ratios) should be useful in evaluating patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and a number of congenital malformation syndromes, particularly when the carpals are still not fully ossified. Shortening of the carpus occurs in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, the otopalatodigital syndromes, Turner syndrome, arthrogryposis, and in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A relatively large carpus is present in achondroplasia.
The presence of growth lines in the distal radius was evaluated prior to treatment in 23 psychosocial dwarfs and 25 patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism. The lines were very common in the psychosocial dwarfs and rare in the pituitary dwarfs (P = .0005). This finding can be explained by the fluctuating adverse environment to which the psychosocial dwarf is exposed and the constant lack of growth in hypopituitary patients. Therefore, in the absence of systemic disease, when growth lines are present in a patient with short stature or failure to thrive, a thorough review of the patient's psychosocial environment should be made.
Abnormalities of the growth plate account for many of the radiologic manifestations in non-neoplastic pediatric bone disease. A good understanding of the physiology of this area is helpful in radiologic diagnosis.
Knee epiphyseal maturation is retarded in most neonates with congenital rubella infection, whereas neonates with congenital cytomegalovirus infection have relatively normal maturation. Asse-sment of knee maturation is useful in differentiating rubella from cytomegalovirus infection in the neonate.
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The patterns of length alterations in the hand bones in cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), and acrodysostosis were evaluated. The length of each of the hand bones was measured and compared to appropriate means for age and sex. The pattern profiles thus generated showed that those for PHP and PPHP are almost identical, and are similar to that seen in acrodysostosis, except for the much smaller size of the bones seen in the latter condition. PHP and PPHP are probably differend manifestations of the same entity, and acrodysostosis may also be related to them. Brachydactyly E is indistinguishable radiologically from the PHP-PPHP syndrome.
The jet phenomenon is a normal finding in excretory urography. The presence of such a jet is a good sign that vesico-ureteral reflux is not present. Of 19 ureters with a jet sign, only one had minimal transient ureteral reflux, while in 39 ureters without a jet sign 15 had reflux.
Hand radiographs in 10 male patients (eight white, two black) with isolated growth hormone deficiency were studied before and after treatment. The length of the second metacarpal was the most significantly depressed measurement when considered by chronologic age and responded most to treatment with human growth hormone. All patients had osteoporosis even when evaluated by height age. The bone mass improved with treatment by subperiosteal new bone apposition. Skeletal maturation was retarded with the carpals showing more severe retardation than the tubular bones and responding more dramatically to treatment. The depression in height age and carpal age was very similar, indicating that the carpal age may have the greatest correlation with height. The greater sensitivity of the carpal age deficiency of growth hormone and its greater response to treatment suggest that the carpal age and the phalangeal-metacarpal age should be considered independently during evaluation of skeletal maturation.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Twenty-one cases of neonatal pneumoperitoneum seen at the C.S. Mott Children's Hospital between 1970 and 1974 were reviewed. Of 14 cases with autopsy or surgically proven gastrointestinal perforation, six did not have an intraperitoneal air-fluid level on the initial cross-table lateral roentgenogram while eight did. Four cases of pneumoperitoneum secondary to mechanically assisted ventilation and air leak phenomenon had no air-fluid level. A postmortem study in one premature infant cadaver suggests that the air-fluid level may not be reliably demonstrated when the amount of intraperitoneal fluid is small. These data support the contention that an intraperitoneal air-fluid level does not uniformly occur in perforated viscus and that its absence, even in the presence of mechanically assisted ventilation, does not exclude the necessity for surgical intervention. In some cases, water-soluble contrast examination of the gastrointestinal tract appears to be a more reliable diagnostic adjunct to document a perforated viscus, when a definite intraperitoneal air-fluid level is not present.