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Biomedical subjects

A K Garg

Publications and source records attributed to A K Garg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The use of osseointegrated implants in craniofacial trauma.

The objective in treating patients with injuries sustained in craniofacial trauma is to reinstate preinjury facial projection and function. The capability of providing spatially related facial reconstruction is predicated on basic craniofacial surgical principles, generally accepted as the standard of care. These principles include early surgical intervention, immediate bone grafting, and the use of internal rigid fixation. The introduction of osseointegrated dental implants has significantly improved the overall reconstruction of patients with cranio-maxillofacial injuries, including soft tissue repair and cosmetic surgery. The purpose of this article is to review the utilization of dental implants in the context of maxillofacial trauma, using three cases to document the clinical procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Usefulness of a microimmunodiffusion test for the detection of Penicillium marneffei antigenemia, antibodies, and exoantigens.

Eight sera from culturally-proven cases of penicilliosis marneffei and their corresponding isolates were examined for circulating antibody(ies) and antigen, and exoantigens, respectively, using a microimmunodiffusion (MID) test. Two of the 8 sera produced strong precipitins (1-2) when reacted against control Penicillium marneffei antigen (5-week-old shaken cultures at 25 C) in the presence of control rabbit anti-P. marneffei serum. Five of the 8 sera produced a strong precipitin line when reacted against control hyperimmune serum to P. marneffei. These five sera, and one additional serum, which tested negative for antibody to P. marneffei, demonstrated the presence of antigen by reacting only against the anti-P. marneffei serum. Serological evaluations of the sera revealed that the MID test is capable of detecting antibody and antigen in AIDS patients having penicilliosis marneffei infections. Exoantigen analysis of the 8 P. marneffei isolates, which were previously identified using the conventional and time-consuming macro- and micro-morphological characteristics, showed the presence of 1 to 4 specific exoantigens in MID. With the exoantigen analysis, the identity of all of the isolates was confirmed as P. marneffei. Our studies indicated that the serological tests are useful for detecting circulating antibody and/or antigen in patients' sera, and that the exoantigen test is reliable for confirming the identity of P. marneffei cultures.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Antigenic relationships among pathogenic Beauveria bassiana with Engyodontium album (= B. alba) and non-pathogenic species of the genus Beauveria.

Exoantigenic extracts of 15 isolates belonging to hyalohyphomycosis-causing Beauveria bassiana (1), and Engyodontium album (1), as well as other species of the genus Beauveria (one isolate each of B. brogniartii, B. densa, B. stephanoderis, B. velata, B. vermiconia and six isolates of unknown Beauveria species) were studied. Aqueous-merthiolated extracts derived from 10-day-old Sabouraud's dextrose agar slant cultures (25 degrees C) were concentrated (25X), and reacted against rabbit anti-B. bassiana serum in the presence of partially purified homologous antigen (20X) prepared from 5-week-old shaken cultures (30 degrees C), using a microimmunodiffusion procedure. Beauveria bassiana reference antigen and antiserum reacted to produce four bands of identity. With the exception of E. album, which was negative, extracts of the isolates of B. brogniartii, B. densa, B. stephanoderis, B. velata, B. vermiconia and the unknown Beauveria species all produced 2-4 lines of identity against the homologous anti-B. bassiana serum. These results suggested that all the species of the genus Beauveria tested were antigenically related to B. bassiana. Engyodontium album demonstrated antigenic distinctness, however, from B. bassiana and thus supported the validity of this taxon.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Repair of a transmandibular implant: clinical report.

The use of many currently available implant systems may be limited in patients with severe mandibular atrophy because of the lack of available bone in the symphyseal region. The transmandibular implant is a rigid box-frame structure that can distribute masticatory forces along a severely atrophied mandible with as little as 4 mm of vertical bone with an implant-borne prosthesis. Although the success rate of the transmandibular implant is favorable as compared with other systems, complications can occur after placement, including infection, partial extrusion, and fracture of a post. A case report of fractures of two posts at the necks and the bar approximately 18 months after placement is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Dental implants and the geriatric patient.

Dental care of the aging patient presents a number of problems not encountered in younger patients. Most of these problems result from tissue changes that occur during aging. Dental implants and implant-retained and/or implant-supported prostheses are viable treatment options for older patients. The majority of elderly patients in their younger retirement years are relatively healthy and not limited in activity. The clinician must be aware of the physical, metabolic, and endocrine changes associated with aging and how these changes may affect implant treatment. The elderly deserve the best care the dental profession can offer.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Nutrition and the geriatric implant patient.

The clinician must be cognizant of nutritional factors and deficiencies that can adversely affect implant surgery and subsequent prosthodontic rehabilitation for the geriatric patient. There are many nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that may be useful and even necessary for the geriatric implant patient. Dental implants and implant-retained and/or supported prostheses are viable treatment options for older patients when certain age-related and nutritional factors are considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Manifestations and treatment of xerostomia and associated oral effects secondary to head and neck radiation therapy.

Xerostomia is one of the most common side effects of head and neck radiation therapy. Other oral effects are mucositis and radiation caries. Because xerostomia resulting from radiation therapy may be of a more permanent nature than xerostomia resulting from other causes, treatment is typically more extensive. Numerous regimens treat symptoms of xerostomia and associated caries and mucositis. Among them is the daily application of a fluoride gel, recommended to prevent or minimize dental caries. For patients with severe, chronic xerostomia who have some residual salivary tissue, the use of a sialagogue can promote an increased flow of saliva and treat the symptoms.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of oral dipyridamole electrocardiography test in ischaemic heart disease.

Forty-three cases of ischaemic heart disease of the age group 35-72 yrs with positive treadmill test (TMT) results were administered dipyridamole in the morning on empty stomach. Heart rate, BP and ECG were recorded before and every 15 mins after oral dipyridamole upto 2 hrs. ECG was repeated every 5 mins when patients developed angina or ischaemic ECG changes. Oral dipyridamole electrocardiography test (ODET) was found to be positive in 21 (48.83%) cases and majority of them developed ST depression in 25-40 mins and persisted for less than 30 mins. While compared with TMT results patients having chest pain, lower target heart rate (< 75%), shorter time to onset (< 2 mins) of ST depression and longer duration (> 8 mins) of ST depression had significantly higher rates of positivity on ODET than those without these manifestations. There were minor changes in hemodynamic parameter (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and other minor side effects encountered include mild headache and benign unifocal VPCs. Oral dipyridamole is viewed as a safe drug and may be used as a substitute for TMT specially in economically poor and physically disabled patients with significant coronary artery disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Augmentation of the maxillary sinus: a surgical technique.

Specific anatomic and physiologic differences between the maxillary and mandibular arches have presented challenges in restoring the fully or partially edentulous maxilla. These differences include the quality and quantity of available bone at the potential implant site. To address the limitations of the maxillary arch, attempts have been made during the last two decades to improve implant anchorage in this area. Bone grafting techniques and guided bone regeneration have been utilized to augment and improve the maxillary arch. The learning objective of this article is to review the important aspects related to the anatomy and physiology of the maxillary sinus, to discuss the use of various grafting materials, and to describe the technique and current status of the maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. Emphasis is placed upon presentation of the presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical protocol of maxillary sinus augmentation, as performed by the authors.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1997

Single-tooth implant-supported restorations in the anterior maxilla.

With the development of advanced surgical techniques, implants can now be utilized in a variety of applications, including replacement of a single tooth. The form of an artificial restoration is determined by the existing tooth morphology and periodontal architecture; when placing single-tooth implants, the original structure of the tooth and periodontium must be recreated. Osseointegrated single-tooth implants have a success rate that is comparable to that of implant-supported prostheses in totally edentulous patients; a 98.5% success rate has been reported following 3 years in situ. The learning objective of this article is to gain an understanding of pretreatment guidelines, such as soft tissue considerations, bone dimension, root morphology, and site preparation with osteotomes for single-tooth implant placement. The review also includes the discussion of the placement of single-tooth implants, flap design, prosthetic considerations, and the final restoration. Two case reports are presented to document and illustrate the clinical procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

In vitro susceptibility of goat mononuclear cells to bluetongue virus.

Goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured and their susceptibility to bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 1 was tested. A small number of adherent and non-adherent cells were found positive for BTV antigens by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence tests. Both adherent and non-adherent cells supported limited level of viral replication as evidenced by low titre in the biological assay, thus indicating their susceptibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Metastatic endophthalmitis in a patient with major burns: a rare complication.

A patient with 75 per cent of the body surface area burned developed metastatic endophthalmitis with orbital cellulitis leading to panophthalmitis in the right eye. In an estimated 1700 patients with burns treated in the same hospital over a period of 9 years (1984 to 1993), this is the first patient developing metastatic endophthalmitis. A possible pathological basis for the sequence of events is discussed.

Adult↗