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Biomedical subjects

A K Arora

Publications and source records attributed to A K Arora.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Profile of menopausal women in rural north India.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of menopausal women in rural north India. Setting Six villages were selected in a rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, north India. METHODS: A female social worker obtained relevant data in the study area during 1999-2001. This involved individual interviews of women aged 35-55 years through a house-to-house survey. RESULTS: Of the 558 enlisted women, 152 (27.2%) had attained menopause. Average age at menopause was 44.1 years. More than half (53%) reported seven or more symptoms at menopause. Diminished vision was reported as the most common symptom at menopause. The majority (85%) admitted that menopause adversely affected women's physical health. However, most of them (95%) considered menopause socially good for women and welcomed it. None of our respondents reported use of hormone replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Women in rural north India viewed menopause positively. Medication of menopause was minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Decreasing strabismus surgery.

AIM: To determine whether there has been a consistent change across countries and healthcare systems in the frequency of strabismus surgery in children over the past decade. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data on all strabismus surgery performed in NHS hospitals in England and Wales, on children aged 0-16 years between 1989 and 2000, and between 1994 and 2000 in Ontario (Canada) hospitals. These were compared with published data for Scotland, 1989-2000. RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1999-2000 the number of strabismus procedures performed on children, 0-16 years, in England decreased by 41.2% from 15 083 to 8869. Combined medial rectus recession with lateral rectus resection decreased from 5538 to 3013 (45.6%) in the same period. Bimedial recessions increased from 489 to 762, oblique tenotomies from 43 to 121, and the use of adjustable sutures from 29 to 44, in 2000. In Ontario, operations for squint decreased from 2280 to 1685 (26.1%) among 0-16 year olds between 1994 and 2000. CONCLUSION: The clinical impression of decrease in the frequency of paediatric strabismus surgery is confirmed. In the authors' opinion this cannot be fully explained by a decrease in births or by the method of healthcare funding. Two factors that might have contributed are better conservative strabismus management and increased subspecialisation that has improved the quality of surgery and the need for re-operation. This finding has a significant impact upon surgical services and also on the training of ophthalmologists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Raman scattering investigations of nanocrystalline thorium oxide.

Raman scattering investigations are carried out on nanocrystalline thorium oxide powders. Shift and broadening of the Raman peak associated with F2g phonons are observed for the nanocrystalline samples as compared with those of the bulk. The peak shift and broadening are found to increase further as the particle size decreases. A quantitative analysis of the Raman line shape is carried out with a Gaussian confinement model, and the estimated size is found to be consistent with that obtained from X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.

Crystallization↗
PubMed2002

Ion-acoustic compressive and rarefactive double layers in a warm multicomponent plasma with negative ions.

Propagation of ion-acoustic double layers has been studied in plasma consisting of warm positive- and negative-ion species with different masses, concentrations, and charge states along with electrons with two-electron temperature distributions. It is found that there exist two critical concentrations of negative ions, alpha(R) and alpha(Q). One of them (alpha(R)) generally decides the existence of the double layer, whereas the other one (alpha(Q)) decides the nature of the double layer. It is found that the system supports ion-acoustic double layers only when the negative-ion concentration (alpha) is greater than the critical concentration alpha(R). It is also found that below the critical concentration alpha(Q), compressive double layers exist and above it rarefactive double layers exist. For some values of cold-electron concentrations (mu) it is found that if the temperature of the negative-ion species is higher than the positive-ion species, then the system supports compressive double layers for all values of alpha lying in the range 0<alpha<alpha(Q). The dependence of the critical concentrations on the temperatures of the two-ion species and on the concentration of cold electrons has also been investigated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Tetanus immunization among adolescent girls in rural Haryana.

This survey was undertaken to estimate tetanus immunization coverage of adolescent girls in a selected rural community of Haryana and to ascertain the knowledge of these girls and their mothers about tetanus. The study period was between April 1996-March 1997. A 30-cluster immunization coverage house to house survey was carried out by a female social worker. The total population covered was 30,448. Twelve roadside villages were selectively chosen. Eleven year and 17 year old girls (210 in each group) were surveyed for coverage evaluation. For K.A.P. survey 114 girls (aged 17 years) and 98 mothers (of 11 year old girls) were interviewed. Chi square, percentage and 95% confidence interval were used for statistical analysis. Coverage for tetanus immunization was 44.3% among 17 year old girls and 26.7% among 11 year old girls. The coverage was better (35%) among school going girls as compared to non-school going girls (13%). Correct immunization schedule of pregnant women was told by 16 (7.5%) respondents. None of them told the correct immunization schedule for children. Death was told as the main danger from tetanus by 172 (81%) respondents. Most (98%) were aware of the role of clean-stump (umbilical cord) at the time of delivery in the etiology of tetanus neonatorum. Tetanus immunization coverage needs to be improved among adolescents. They also need to be educated on various aspects of tetanus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Misdiagnosis of acute angle closure glaucoma.

When acute glaucoma presents in its classical form, the diagnosis is fairly simple to make. However, atypical presentations are not uncommon and the diagnosis can be missed. This inevitably leads to a delay in treatment which can permanently compromise visual function. We have studied which doctors are most likely to make a misdiagnosis and calculated the resulting delay in treatment. All patients with acute glaucoma attending Whipps Cross eye unit between 1991 and 1994 were identified and their notes obtained. Thirty-eight patients were found to have a had diagnosis of acute closed angle glaucoma. In only 39.5% was the diagnosis correctly made by the referring practitioner and a misdiagnosis resulted in a mean delay of treatment of 5.8 days. General practitioners were the most likely group to have difficulty making the diagnosis, while casualty officers were most likely to make the correct diagnosis. Because acute glaucoma can present without its typical features, there needs to be a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis. This diagnosis does not require expensive equipment or a high level of training--all our patients had a significant reduction in vision. Any patient who has a red eye and a subjective reduction in vision should be referred to an ophthalmologist the same day.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

A study of cranio-facial indices in Uttar Pradesh crania.

Various cranial and facial measurements were taken on 300 adult skulls available in the Department of Anatomy, S. N. Medical College, Agra and the cranio facial indices were calculated. When the measurements were statistically analysed, we have found a positive correlation between the basion prosthion length and the maximum cranial length, maximum cranial breadth and the bizygomatic breadth, nasion prosthion length and basion bregmatic height, and the palatal breadth and palatal length. The regression line between the various pairs of parameters were also calculated and a regression formula derived.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1986

Identification and characterization of the tyrosine protein kinases of rat spleen.

High levels of tyrosine protein kinase have been recently detected in the membranes of rat spleen. In the present report the tyrosine protein kinase activity of the 30,000 x g pellet of rat spleen has been solubilized and partially purified by ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Two peaks of tyrosine protein kinase of Mr 35,000 (TPK-I) and Mr 40,000 (TPK-II) have been resolved. These kinases were free of the EGF receptor and insulin receptor tyrosine protein kinases. Although TPK-I and TPK-II phosphorylated angiotensin II, casein, histone, tubulin, phosphorylase b, and p36 they differed from each other in preference for the substrates. Both tyrosine protein kinases did not phosphorylate anti-pp60v-src IgG.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1982

Study of Os japonicum in Uttar Pradesh crania.

The incidence of Os japonicum has been studied in 500 Uttar Pradesh crania, and is found to be 4%. Typical bipartile zygomatic bone das present in 40 instances. In 6 bones only a horizontal groove was seen on the temporal surface. In one skull the zygomatic process of maxilla and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone were articulating directly on the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone. In another skull the maxilla and the temporal bone were articulating with each other along the lower border of the zygomatic bone, giving the appearance of a tripartile condition. The cause and significance of this trait is discussed in the light of available literature.

Adult↗