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Biomedical subjects

A Joshi

Publications and source records attributed to A Joshi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Reduced Length of ADT and ARTA With XRT in High-Risk Prostate Cancer (RELAX): A Randomised Controlled Trial.

AIM: To assess the efficacy of a short, intensified regimen of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor-targeted agent (ARTA) with curative-intent external beam radiotherapy (XRT) for high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa) staged with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The RELAX (Reduced Length of ADT and ARTA with XRT in high-risk prostate cancer) trial is a multicentre, phase II randomised non-inferiority trial comparing 9 months of ADT and 6 months of ARTA against the standard 24-month ADT, with definitive dose-escalated hypofractionated pelvic radiotherapy for PSMA-staged non-metastatic HRPCa. The primary endpoint is 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), defined from randomisation to first biochemical or clinico-radiological recurrence or any-cause death. Secondary endpoints include biochemical failure-free survival, metastasis-free survival, overall survival, testosterone recovery, treatment-related adverse effects, and patient-reported outcomes. Participants are monitored with serial serum PSA and testosterone levels, CTCAE and PRO-CTCAE assessments, and PSMA-PETCT at recurrence. The non-inferiority margin is set at 10% absolute difference from an expected 5-year DFS of 85% in the standard arm, with intention-to-treat analysis. The trial is ethics board approved and funded by institutional intramural grant, and registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06818682). RESULTS: The planned accrual of 206 participants commenced in February 2025, with nearly a third of enrolment completed till date. CONCLUSION: The RELAX trial incorporates contemporary standards of PSMA-based staging, dose-escalated hypofractionated radiotherapy, and ARTA for HRPCa. The results are expected to inform the efficacy of a shorter, intensified androgen suppression strategy against the prevailing standard of long-term ADT for these patients.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

Characterization of ionically bound peroxidases from apple (Mallus pumilus) fruits.

Ionically bound peroxidases (POD) were salt extracted from the pulp of four Indian apple varieties, i.e., Golden delicious HP, Golden delicious JK, Red delicious, and Royal delicious. They were precipitated with chilled ethanol. Thermal treatments of partially purified enzymes were given from 40-70 degrees C for 30 minutes. Golden delicious HP peroxidase showed thermostability at 60 degrees C, while three other peroxidases were observed at 50 degrees C. Phenolic compounds (i.e., caffeic acid, ferulic acids, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid) and metal ions (i.e., Cu2+ and Fe2+) activated all apple peroxidases. However, Mn2+ inhibited the peroxidases from Golden delicious HP, Golden delicious JK, and Red delicious, and a substantial increase was observed in Royal delicious peroxidase. Mg2+ inhibited the peroxidases from Golden delicious HP and Red delicious, but marginal activation was reported in peroxidases from Golden delicious JK and Royal delicious. Zn2+ established stimulation in Golden delicious HP and Golden delicious JK peroxidases, but inhibition was observed in peroxidases in Red delicious and Royal delicious.. Methionine, proline, tryptophan, and valine stimulated all four apple peroxidases, but cysteine showed inhibition in Golden delicious JK.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

Influence of excitation light rejection on forward model mismatch in optical tomography.

Fluorescence enhanced tomography for molecular imaging requires low background for detection and accurate image reconstruction. In this contribution, we show that excitation light leakage is responsible for elevated background and can be minimized with the use of gradient index (GRIN) lenses when using fibre optics to collect propagated fluorescence light from tissue or other biological media. We show that the model mismatch between frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) measurements and the diffusion approximation prediction is decreased when GRIN lenses are placed prior to the interference filters to provide efficient excitation light rejection. Furthermore, model mismatch is correlated to the degree of excitation light leakage. This work demonstrates the importance of proper light filtering when designing fluorescence optical imaging and tomography.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2006

Production of prolific microsheep by embryo transfer into large non-prolific sheep.

The Garole is a prolific breed of microsheep that possesses the FecB gene, which increases ovulation rate. The purpose of this study was to compare embryo production by multiple ovulation in seven Garole ewes with that in seven normal size, non-prolific Malpura ewes, and assess the influence of the large body size of Awassi crossbred recipient ewes on the birth-weight of Garole lambs. Oestrus was synchronised with two intramuscular injections of 7.5 mg prostaglandin F(2alpha) administered 10 days apart. The donor ewes were superovulated by the use of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and follicle-stimulating hormone. The onset and duration of oestrus were similar in both breeds. The Garole donors had higher total mean (se) ovarian responses (15.6 [3.6] v 9.1 [2.3]), ovulation rate (13.6 [3.1] v 8.4 [2.2]) and produced more transferable embryos (6.0 [3.5] v 4.0 [0.9]) than the Malpura donors, but the differences were not statistically significant. The Garole lambs produced by embryo transfer were on average 57.8 per cent heavier at birth than contemporary Garole lambs produced by natural mating.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Renal MALToma: an unusual lymphoma in a patient with lupus.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) have been reported in association with autoimmune disorders particularly Sjogren's syndrome. We report a case of renal MALToma, an unusual NHL in an 84-year-old Caucasian lady with long-standing, non-aggressive Systemic Lupus Erythematosis with no associated Sjorgen's syndrome and who never received cytotoxics.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2006

Management of echinococcosis.

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by larval forms of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and transmitted by dogs. In humans, the disease is characterized by slowly growing cyst commonly occurring in liver and lungs. Clinical features of hepatic hydatid cyst are mainly right upper quadrant pain, feeling of lump and enlarged tender liver. The cyst may be complicated by infection or rupture and may lead to anaphylactic reaction. Ultrasonography supported by serology is the main diagnostic modality. Treatment of univesicular cyst is predominantly medical or percutaneous. Percutaneous treatment (PAIR) is safe and effective and complications are infrequent. For multivesicular and complicated cyst surgery remains the mainstay of treatment.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2005

Reconstruction of intraoral defects using facial artery musculomucosal flap.

The facial artery musculomucosal flap, technically a combination of the nasolabial flap and the buccal mucosal flap, has been a reliable, versatile flap, either superiorly or inferiorly based for reconstruction of a wide variety of postcancer excision intraoral mucosal defects including defects of the palate, alveolus, lips and floor of mouth. We have used it 17 times in 16 patients with no failures and one flap with terminal necrosis. Almost all flaps developed venous congestion which settled on its own by conservative management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of gross anatomical features of cervix of tropical sheep using cervical silicone moulds.

The lambing rate obtained following cervical artificial insemination (AI) with frozen semen in sheep is low mainly due to the inability of frozen-thawed sperm to traverse the tortuous nature of the cervical canal. Although acceptable fertility has been attained by circumventing the cervical barrier through laparoscope aided intrauterine AI, the emphasis is currently given on the development of alternate non-invasive transcervical AI procedures. The complex anatomy of the cervix does not facilitate easy transcervical passage for an insemination catheter. The aim of the present study was: (i) to examine the gross anatomy of the cervix in slaughtered ewe lambs and adult ewes of the native Malpura and Kheri breeds raised under semi-arid tropical environment; and (ii) to cast silicone moulds of the reproductive tracts for measuring the dimensions of the cervix. Eighty reproductive tracts were excised immediately from carcass of Malpura and Kheri ewes and the external os of each one was classified depending on their appearance as duckbill, spiral, rosette or flap. The cervical canal of each tract was filled with a silicone sealant for casting the mould. Fifty complete silicone moulds were obtained representing 25 from ewe lambs and 25 from adult ewes. The mean lengths of the cervical mould of ewe lambs and adult ewes were 3.8+/-0.12 and 5.3+/-0.15 cm, respectively. The average number of funnel shaped folds in the cervical mould of ewe lambs and adult ewes were 3.2+/-0.19 and 3.4+/-0.22. However, the second and third-folds from the os were observed to be accentric in both ewe lambs and adult ewes. The information generated in this study would be useful for increasing the success rate of penetration in ewes exhibiting estrus in order to improve the lambing rate of tropical ewes following transcervical AI.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

A study of out-of-hours facilities in otolaryngology: current provision and problems.

'Action on ENT' has recently published advice as to the minimum requirements for equipment required to provide a safe and suitable out-of-hours service in ENT. Our objectives were to determine the availability of a dedicated ENT treatment room for seeing patients out of hours, appropriately maintained specialized ENT equipment and availability of appropriate assistance. In addition, the mechanism for disinfection of nasoendoscopes out of hours was determined. Telephone questionnaires of 106 ENT units in England, which provide an out-of-hours ENT service, were taken. At each unit the standard questionnaire was answered by the first on-call ENT doctor. One hundred and one units (95 percent) had access to a dedicated treatment room out of hours. The number of units with a microscope was 91 (86 percent), headlight/lamp and mirror was 105 (99 percent), flexible nasoendoscope was 86 (81 percent) and cautery (electrical or chemical) was 105 (99 percent). Seventy-nine units (75 percent) found that their treatment rooms were adequately stocked, and 62 units (58 per cent) had assistance available when needed. Twenty-four units (23 percent) sterilized their scopes adequately, 22 units (21 percent) used endosheaths, 26 units (24 percent) used a variety of inadequate cleaning methods, and 34 respondents (32 percent) were unsure how their scopes were cleaned. This survey has shown that not all ENT units have appropriately equipped out-of-hours facilities. There is a need for nationally agreed guidelines stating the minimum equipment and assistance required to provide a safe, adequate and suitable out-of-hours service. National guidelines on out-of-hours disinfection of flexible nasoendoscopes are also required.

After-Hours Care↗
PubMed2005

Feasibility of voluntary counselling and testing services for HIV among pregnant women presenting in labour in Pune, India.

Factors affecting the eligibility and acceptability of voluntary counselling and rapid HIV testing (VCT) were examined among pregnant women presenting in labour in Pune, India. Of the 6702 total women appearing at the delivery room from April 2001 to March 2002, 4638 (69%) were admitted for normal delivery. The remaining women presented with obstetrical complications, delivered immediately or were detected to be in false labour. Overall, 2818 (61%) of the admitted women had been previously tested for HIV during their pregnancy. If previously seen in the hospital's affiliated antenatal clinic, the likelihood of being previously tested was 89%, in contrast to 27% of women having prenatal care elsewhere. Of the admitted women, 3436 (74.3%) were assessed for their eligibility for rapid HIV VCT in the delivery room. Only 1322 (38%) of these women were found to be in early labour and without severe pain or complications, and therefore eligible for rapid HIV screening in the delivery room (DR). Of those 1322 eligible women, only 582 (44%) consented and were tested for HIV, of whom nine (1.6%) were found to be HIV-infected. Of the 1674 women arriving in the DR with no evidence of previous HIV testing, through this DR screening programme, we identified four women with HIV who could now benefit from treatment with ART. Given the high rates of HIV testing in the antenatal clinic at this site and the challenges inherent to conducting DR screening, alternatives such as post-partum testing should be considered to help reduce maternal to infant transmission in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of CoViSTA - an automated vital sign documentation system - in an inpatient hospital setting.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency and acceptance of the CoViSTA system with the current practice of collecting vital signs. CoViSTA (Computerized Vital Sign Transfer Application) was designed to integrate with the existing hospital network and automate the process of vital sign data entry in hospital wards. The system was evaluated with 6 nurses across 60 patients and was found to significantly reduce errors, improve efficiency and increase satisfaction among the staff.

Adult↗