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Biomedical subjects

A Jones

Publications and source records attributed to A Jones.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Aromatase activity, serum oestradiol and their correlation with demographic indices.

Peripheral aromatase activity was measured in 24 postmenopausal women suffering from advanced breast cancer. The % conversion of androstenedione to oestrone was then assessed for a significant correlation with age, weight, height, Quetelets index (weight/height2, Q.I.) and length of menopause. Serum oestradiol (E2) levels were measured in 22 of the subjects and compared with the same indices. There was no correlation between E2 or aromatase activity with the length of menopause (P = 0.3 and P = 0.5, respectively). In our data aromatase activity did not correlate with age (P greater than 0.5, n = 22). Serum E2 levels (P = 0.07, n = 20) expressed a negative correlation (i.e. decreased) with age. There was also a poor correlation between aromatase activity and weight of Quetelets index (P = 0.3, n = 20 for both). Serum E2 levels showed a statistically significant correlation with weight (P = 0.01, n = 21), but the relationship with Quetelets index just failed to attain statistical significance (P = 0.07, n = 20). In both cases the regression line was positive. When aromatase activity was correlated with serum E2 levels the regression line was positive but not statistically significant (P = 0.4, n = 22). The data indicate that aromatase activity is only one factor determining the differences in serum E2 levels between postmenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Young children's idiom comprehension: trying to get the picture.

Young children (3.5-6.5 years of age) were tested for their comprehension of 10 common idioms in context and no-context conditions. Results revealed a significant linear trend for children to make more literal responses with increasing age. Children of this age did not find the story contexts helpful in interpreting the idioms. A range of comprehension scores was found among the individual idioms, but semantic transparency (as judged by adults) was not related to comprehension. Child-internal and methodologic variables influencing idiom comprehension are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1992

A survey of taeniid cestodes in farm dogs in mid-Wales.

In 1983-1988, dogs on 315 farms in Powys, mid-Wales, were purged once with arecoline acetarsol and the faecal purges were examined for cestodes. A few dogs were examined by autopsy. Ninety-seven farms had at least one infected dog, and cestodes were found in 161 of the 882 dogs examined. The ovine strain of Echinococcus granulosus was found in 41 dogs on 25 farms. Taenia hydatigena, T. pisiformis, T. multiceps, T. serialis, T. ovis and Dipylidium caninum were recovered from 85, 35, 15, 3, 19 and 29 dogs respectively. The results are compared with those of previous surveys in Powys and in other regions of Wales.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The cestodes of foxhounds and foxes in Powys, mid-Wales.

Cestodes were found in 129 of 875 foxhounds from 20 packs in Powys, mid-Wales, examined by purging in 1983-1988, in the following order of prevalence: Taenia hydatigena in 57 hounds (6.51%), Echinococcus granulosus in 27 (3.09%), Dipylidium caninum in 25 (2.86%), T. ovis in 14 (1.60%), T. pisiformis in 10 (1.14%), T. serialis in five (0.57%) and T. multiceps in four (0.46%). Of 197 foxes examined by autopsy, 22 harboured cestodes: two (1.02%) had E. granulosus, nine (4.57%) T. polyacantha, eight (4.06%) T. pisiformis, two (1.02%) T. serialis, one (0.51%) D. caninum and one (0.51%) Mesocestoides sp. This is the first definite report of T. polyacantha in British foxes. The results are compared with those of previous surveys in Powys and in other parts of Wales, and the reasons for changes in prevalence are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tophaceous pyrophosphate deposition with extensor tendon rupture.

Tophaceous deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals is considered unusual as is deposition within tendon sheaths. Associated tendon rupture is described but is rare. We report a lady with tophaceous CPPD deposition at the wrist, a previously unreported site. Contrary to previous cases, this occurred in the setting of symptomatic, polyarticular, pyrophosphate arthropathy. An additional point of interest was development of associated extensor tendon rupture with features favouring a non-inflammatory mechanism of tendon damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Mast cell quantitation by image analysis in adult mastocytosis and inflammatory skin disorders.

Mast cell numbers were quantitated in adult cases of mastocytosis demonstrating non-diffuse perivascular and upper dermal concentrations of mast cells. Using the Leder stain and computerised video image analysis, a mean of 382 (+/- 28 SE) mast cell per mm2 were counted in the superficial dermis in skin biopsies from 30 adult cases of mastocytosis, in contrast to a mean of 43 (+/- 5 SE) mast cells per mm2 in skin biopsies from 50 inflammatory dermatoses represented by subacute dermatitis, pigmented purpuric dermatosis, erythema multiforme, lichen planus and granuloma annulare. Ten skin biopsies showing no significant inflammation had a mean of 54 (+/- 7 SE) mast cells per mm2 in the upper dermis. The mean area of individual mast cells as assessed by image analysis in the mastocytosis group was 47.40 microns 2 (+/- 2.26 microns 2, SE) which was significantly different (P < 0.01) than the mast cell area (32.34 microns 2 +/- 2.22 microns 2, SE) in all other groups combined. Computerised video image analysis represents an alternative technique which is useful in assessing mast cell numbers and particularly mast cell size in adult cases of macular mastocytosis and in other dermatoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a method for clinically assessing osteoarthritis of the knee.

A system for assessing symptoms (pain, stiffness, gelling) and signs (local temperature, effusion, tenderness, synovial swelling, popliteal cyst, crepitus) of osteoarthritis of the knee has been developed. The system has been assessed for intra- and interobserver variation using normal and osteoarthritic knees. Intraobserver variability is low for all indices but interobserver variability is high for physical signs. It is suggested that the components within this system, when applied by a single observer, may provide a reasonable framework for clinical assessment of osteoarthritis of the knee.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by human parvovirus.

A 59 year old woman presented with an influenza-like illness preceding signs and symptoms strongly suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which progressed over several months. Owing to these influenza-like symptoms, a viral cause of her illness was sought. Human parvovirus B19 serology was positive and antibodies to DNA were detected by two different methods. This patient is believed to be the first report of human parvovirus B19 infection coinciding with the onset of SLE. The evidence for B19 virus and the part it plays in autoimmunity and arthritis is discussed.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1992

Laser surgery of the larynx: the case for caution.

Laser surgery has been advocated for treatment of many laryngeal lesions. Although the CO2 laser has many advantages, its safe use requires special education of the surgeon and operating room team, and considerable surgical skill. Several dangers inherent in laser use for laryngeal surgery must be considered. These include vocal fold scarring secondary to thermal injury, loss of histopathologically important tissue through vaporization, airway fire and others. Laser-related complications must be considered whenever use of this instrument is contemplated.

Burns↗
PubMed1992

Teaching rheumatology to medical students: current practice and future aims.

Rheumatological disease is common but is often overlooked or inadequately assessed by doctors. This may reflect training in the discipline. The results of a survey of all British medical schools by the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council and the British Society for Rheumatology show that clinical rheumatology teaching forms a small part of most courses (median 4, range 0-8 weeks), usually as a second-year specialty attachment, and that specific assessment of basic clinical skills in rheumatology is often not undertaken. The results of the survey support the idea that the current teaching of rheumatology might help to marginalise the subject rather than to promote it.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Stretched to the limit.

Everyone agrees that junior doctors work excessively long hours. The difficulty has been finding a solution to the problem within staffing limits. Penelope Dash and Angela Jones set out two ways to stretch the human resources available to make best use of them.

England↗
PubMed1991

Targeting of T7 RNA polymerase to tobacco nuclei mediated by an SV40 nuclear location signal.

We have expressed two T7 RNA polymerase genes by electroporation into tobacco protoplasts. One of the genes was modified by inserting nucleotides encoding a viral nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the large T antigen of SV40. Both T7 RNA polymerase genes directed synthesis of a ca. 100 kDa protein in the electroporated protoplasts. T7 RNA polymerase activity was detected in extracts of protoplasts electroporated with both genes. Immunofluorescence analysis of these protoplasts indicated that only the polymerase carrying the NLS accumulated in the cell nucleus. These experiments suggest that mechanisms involved in the transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus are similar in plant and animal cells. This system demonstrates the feasibility of T7 RNA polymerase-based approaches for the high-level expression of introduced genes in plant cells.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the aromatase inhibitor 3-ethyl-3-(4-pyridyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in patients with postmenopausal breast cancer.

The pyridylglutarimide 3-ethyl-3-(4-pyridyl)-piperidine-2,6-dione (PyG) is a novel inhibitor of aromatase that was shown to cause effective suppression of plasma oestradiol levels in postmenopausal patients. In four patients receiving oral doses of PyG (500 mg) twice daily for 3-4 days, oestradiol levels fell to 31.1% +/- 6.3% of baseline values within 48 h and remained suppressed during treatment. Of a further six patients who received oral PyG (1 g) as a single dose, five had quantifiable oestradiol levels. Oestradiol suppression was sustained for 36 h and recovery correlated with a fall of PyG concentrations below a threshold value of ca. 2 micrograms/ml. The pharmacokinetics of PyG were non-linear and, when fitted to the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation, yielded good parameter estimates for Co (21.7 +/- 1.82 micrograms/ml), Km (2.66 +/- 0.68 micrograms/ml) and Vmax (0.86 +/- 0.06 micrograms ml-1 h-1). On subsequent repeated dosing with PyG, both the Km (4.31 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml) and the Vmax (1.83 +/- 0.13 micrograms ml-1 h-1) values increased and recovery from oestradiol suppression was more rapid, indicating that PyG induces its own metabolism.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1991

The influence of CGS 16949A on peripheral aromatisation in breast cancer patients.

The influence of a new aromatase inhibitor, CGS 16949A on peripheral aromatisation of androstenedione into oestrone was investigated in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. A mixture of 3H androstenedione and 14C oestrone was injected, and all urine was collected for the following 96 h. The isotope ratio was determined in the urinary oestrogen metabolites after isolation by HPLC. Eight patients were investigated before and during treatment with CGS 16949A. At a dose of 1 mg b.d. (eight patients) CGS 16949A inhibited aromatisation by a mean value of 82.4% (range 71.3 to 93.7%). When the drug dose was escalated to 2 mg b.d. (three patients) aromatisation was inhibited by a mean of 92.6% (range 90.6 to 95.8%), these results suggest that CGS 16949A at a dose of 1 mg b.d. causes submaximal aromatase inhibition in many patients, while a dose of 2 mg b.d. seems to result in greater than 90% aromatase inhibition. These data are consistent with previous observations that the higher dose is more effective in suppression of plasma oestradiol levels.

Aged↗