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Biomedical subjects

A Jones

Publications and source records attributed to A Jones.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The effect of suture type on meniscus repair. A clinical analysis.

To test the hypothesis that use of permanent suture for meniscus repair allows longer, more stable fixation and more complete healing than absorbable suture, 89 patients (90 meniscus repairs) undergoing repair between 1990 and 1993 were evaluated. Eight patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 81 patients with 82 meniscal repairs. All patients underwent meniscus repair with either absorbable or permanent suture and were re-evaluated at an average of 24.1 months follow-up. The tears were within 5 mm of the peripheral meniscal rim and communicated with the peripheral blood supply (either red-red or red-white zone). Group 1 (absorbable suture) was comprised of 50 patients (38 males and 12 females; 19 right and 31 left knees). There were 36 medial and 14 lateral repairs. Group 2 (permanent suture) was comprised of 31 patients with 32 meniscus repairs (23 males and 8 females; 17 right knees and 14 left knees). There were 23 medial and 9 lateral meniscus repairs. Follow-up consisted of objective (clinical examination, range of motion, McMurray test, detectable swelling, locking, and joint-line tenderness) and subjective evaluations (15 question series of visual analog scales). Success or failure of the meniscal repair was based on the degree of symptoms present at follow-up. Group 1 had 9 failures, while Group 2 had none. All of the failures were rescoped and required additional surgical procedures. Group 1 had higher scores on all subjective questions. Data were analyzed using the two-sample t-test and the chi-squared test. The absolute failure rate was statistically significant. In this study, menisci repaired with permanent sutures had a lower incidence of clinical symptoms and a much lower failure rate. Thus, permanent suture is recommended for meniscus repair as it appears to allow for longer and more stable fixation, permitting more complete maturation and remodeling of the meniscus.

Absorption↗
PubMed1997

The National Home and Hospice Care Survey: 1994 summary.

The 1994 National Home and Hospice Care Survey was a nationwide sample survey of agencies providing home health and hospice care, their current patients, and their discharges. Basic demographic information about the patients was collected. It included information about living arrangements, functional statuses, caregiver and referral sources, primary source of payment, services received, and service providers used. Current and admission diagnoses for each patient were collected according to the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, 9th Revision. The data were collected by personal interview using three questionnaires and two sampling lists. Data are presented in 61 tables according to standard sets of descriptive variables. The tables on patients are grouped into four categories: home health care current patients, home health care discharges, current hospice care patients, and hospice care discharges. Data are presented on agency characteristics, demographic characteristics, utilization measures, and health and functional status of current patients and discharges.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

The Rotaflex total knee replacement--a 5 year review.

We report the results of a retrospective analysis of 43 patients who received 56 Rotaflex total knee arthroplasties, with a mean follow-up of 55.7 months. The British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) knee assessment protocol was used in evaluating the clinical results. Two patients could not receive post-operative scores. In the remaining 54 knees, the mean pre-operative score was 25.6, improving to 30.8 post-operatively. Ten knees showed a decrease in knee score, two were unchanged and 42 improved. The greatest improvements were in pain relief and maximum flexion. Wound infection and dehiscences were common, the latter requiring further surgery in five cases. Later, there were eight fractures involving the prosthesis, seven dislocated or subluxed patellae, two deep infections and three cases of severe aseptic loosening. A common feature was severe patellar wear, due to the design fault of an absent femoral groove. The high rate of complications and poor functional result of the Rotaflex knee preclude its use in current practice.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Expression of the complement regulatory proteins decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) and CD59 in the normal human uterine cervix and in premalignant and malignant cervical disease.

The membrane-bound complement regulators decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46), and CD59 are broadly expressed proteins that act together to protect host tissues from autologous complement. Comparison of expression profiles of these proteins between normal and pathological tissues could reveal a mechanism by which tumor cells evade complement-mediated killing. Expression of the regulators was therefore examined in the normal human uterine cervix, in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; n = 23), and in cervical squamous carcinomas (n = 6). DAF and MCP were reciprocally expressed in normal ectocervical epithelium. MCP was confined predominantly to the basal and parabasal layers with more extensive expression in metaplastic squamous epithelium. An apparent expansion in MCP expression was observed in more severe premalignant lesions whereas cervical carcinoma were uniformly MCP positive. By contrast, DAF expression appeared unaltered in premalignant lesions and variable in carcinomas. However, increased DAF was observed in stromal cells directly adjacent to infiltrating tumor cells. A low molecular weight DAF product was detected in tumors, and preliminary evidence suggests this may be derived from stromal cells. Overall, changes in expression of C3 convertase regulators in both the stromal and epithelial compartments may be important for evasion of immune surveillance in cervical cancer.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1997

A phase II trial of epirubicin plus paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research Breast Cancer Sub-Committee.

Epirubicin and paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is an active combination for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. A multicenter pilot phase II trial evaluated this combination in 35 patients treated with epirubicin 75 mg/m2 given as a 1-hour infusion, immediately followed by paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 given as a 3-hour infusion every 3 weeks. All patients had metastatic disease and had received a maximum of one chemotherapy regimen for advanced disease. A 43% response rate was observed in 30 evaluable patients, with two complete responses (7%) and 11 partial responses (37%). All patients were evaluable for toxicity. Hematologic toxicity was common and dose limiting. All patients underwent blood counts three times weekly. Grade 4 neutropenia was extremely common (91%), occurring at approximately days 10 to 12 and resolving rapidly in most cases. Thrombocytopenia was rare. Dose reductions were necessary in 10 patients, primarily for myelosuppression, but due to neuropathy in two patients. Alopecia was universal. Cardiac function was measured in all patients every two cycles. Among the first 24 evaluable patients, left ventricular ejection fraction decreased to below 40% in three patients, all of whom had received prior anthracyclines. Treatment was discontinued in one patient, who experienced no further deterioration. Under the auspices of the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research, a randomized phase III study has been initiated in the United Kingdom to compare this combination of epirubicin/paclitaxel with combination epirubicin/cyclophosphamide. The primary end point of this study is progression-free survival, and the intention is to recruit 350 to 700 patients over the next 2 years.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1997

A feasibility study evaluating rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponge device for local alveolar ridge preservation or augmentation.

This two-center human clinical trial evaluated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) for either alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction or augmentation of localized osseous defects. This 24-month study comprised two parts: a 4-month acute safety and bone induction period (Part I) followed by a 20-month, osseointegration, functional restoration, and long-term safety evaluation (Part II). The primary objective of Part I, discussed in this article, was to evaluate the short-term safety and technical feasibility of the rhBMP-2 device implantation. Twelve patients (six preservation and six augmentation) were enrolled in the investigation. Patient safety was monitored by oral examinations, radiographs, and the collection of blood samples to measure serum chemistries, hematology, and potential antibody formation. Technical feasibility was evaluated by collecting information relating to the handling properties of the rhBMP-2/ACS device. The ability of various evaluative tools to measure the bone-inducing activity of the rhBMP-2/ACS device was also assessed. The clinical results suggested that rhBMP-2/ACS was well tolerated locally and systemically, with no serious adverse events. The device was found to be easily handled and adapted to the ridge and extraction socket. Using direct measurements, all sites demonstrated firmness and fullness to palpation at 4 weeks; however, a loss of volume was noted in some treatment areas between 4 and 8 weeks. Augmentation of the alveolar ridge was not observed in the patients as assessed by the evaluation techniques. This trial indicated that the use of rhBMP-2/ACS to preserve alveolar ridge after tooth extraction or augmentation of localized defects is safe and feasible. Bone fill was observed in all alveolar sockets filled with the rhBMP-2 device.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Suppression of in vivo cell-mediated immunity during experimental influenza A virus infection of adults.

A variety of recent evidence documents that otitis media is a frequent complication of upper respiratory tract viral infections. This relationship has been attributed to the interaction of a number of virus-provoked host responses, including eustachian tube dysfunction, changes in nasopharyngeal bacterial flora and suppressed immune function. The present study examined the effect of experimental influenza A virus infection on immune function as assessed by delayed skin test reactivity to candida, tetanus, and diphtheria/tetanus antigens in healthy adults with (n = 12) and without (n = 15) allergic rhinitis. All subjects became infected with the challenge virus as evidenced by viral shedding into nasal secretions and/or a four-fold rise in convalescent serum antibody titers compared to baseline. Intradermal skin tests were placed at baseline and 2, 4, 17, and 24 days after intranasal influenza A inoculation, the reactions were imaged and recorded 48 h after placement, and response areas were calculated by computerized digitization. The average combined areas for the three antigens (+/- S.T.D.) on each of the 5 study days were 1.4 +/- 1.4, 0.7 +/- 0.7, 0.6 +/- 0.6, 1.4 +/- 1.4, and 1.2 +/- 1.2 cm2, respectively. The responses to candida, but not tetanus and diphtheria/tetanus, returned to baseline levels by day 17. Repeated measures ANOVA documented significant effects of study day and antigen, but not allergy status. These results show that experimental influenza A infection suppressed delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in both allergic and non-allergic subjects, and suggest that alterations in immune function may contribute to otitis media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The use of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to monitor and identify oligosaccharide degradation.

High-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed-amperometric detection was used to monitor the consistency of the oligosaccharides released from several partially purified preparations of a tissue-type plasminogen activator mutant (TNK-tPA). Differences in the oligosaccharide map were observed, primarily in the neutral carbohydrate region of the separation. Subsequent investigations using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/MS) identified the neutral oligosaccharides to be primarily asialo-diantennary complex-type glycans with 2, 1, or 0 galactose residues. Additional asialo-triantennary and asialo-tetrantennary structures were also observed with varying amounts of galactose. Hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate 4-methyl umbelliferyl-beta-galactoside confirmed that host-cell lysosomal beta-galactosidase is present at the first step in the purification process and is the cause of the observed glycan degradation. Subsequent steps in the purification process quantitatively remove this enzyme. Comparison of HPAEC and MALDI/TOF/MS analysis of time-course samples revealed quite similar rates of degradation and demonstrates the quantitative utility of these methods. HPAEC did not reveal significant changes in the sialylated structures as evidenced by nearly identical profiles for the sialic acid-containing structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Isolation of the murine S100 protein MRP14 (14 kDa migration-inhibitory-factor-related protein) from activated spleen cells: characterization of post-translational modifications and zinc binding.

MRP14 (macrophage migration-inhibitory factor-related protein of molecular mass 14 kDa) is an S100 calcium binding protein constitutively expressed in human neutrophils which may be associated with cellular activation/inflammation. Murine MRP14 expression was up-regulated following concanavalin A activation of spleen cells, and the protein was isolated from conditioned medium in high yield (approx. 500 ng/ml). MRP14 had a mass of 12972 +/- 2 Da by electrospray ionization MS, whereas the theoretical mass derived from the cDNA sequence, after removal of the initiator Met, was 12918 Da, suggesting that the protein was post-translationally modified. We identified four post-translational modifications of MRP14: removal of the N-terminal Met, N-terminal acetylation, disulphide bond formation between Cys79 and Cys90, and 1-methylation of His106; the calculated mass was then 12971.8 Da. Methylation of His106 was further characterized after incubation of spleen cells with L-[methyl-3H]Met during concanavalin A stimulation. Sequential analysis of a peptide (obtained by digestion with Lys C) containing methylated His indicated that > 80% of the label in the cycle corresponded to His106, suggesting that the methyl residue was transferred from S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Comparison of the C18 reverse-phase HPLC retention times of phenylthiocarbamoyl derivatives of a hydrolysed digest peptide of MRP14 with those of standards confirmed methyl substitution on the 1-position of the imidazole ring. MRP14 bound more 85Zn2+ than the same amounts of the 10 kDa chemotactic protein (CP10) or S100 beta. Ca2+ decreased Zn2+ binding in S100 beta but it did not influence binding to MRP14, suggesting that the Zn2+ binding site was distinct from and independent of the two Ca2+ binding domains.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1996

Definition of a tumor suppressor gene locus on the short arm of chromosome 3 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by means of microsatellite markers.

BACKGROUND: Tumor suppressor genes are important in the development of head and neck cancer. Using microsatellite markers that map close to the region 3p24-pter, we determined the frequency of allele loss close to this site with a view to narrowing the search for a putative tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, which may facilitate future positional cloning techniques. DESIGN: Laboratory-based project with tumor and normal specimens subjected to molecular genetic analysis. Tumor-normal tissue DNA pairs were analyzed for allelic imbalance and microsatellite instability on chromosome 3p in the region 3p24-pter by the polymerase chain reaction and microsatellite markers D3S1304, D3S656, D3S1252, D3S1293, THRB, and D3S1266. SETTING: Molecular genetics and oncology research laboratory. PATIENTS: Paired tumor-normal DNA samples were obtained from 46 patients with tumors of the head and neck. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detection of loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability on chromosome 3 in the region 3p24-p25.1. RESULTS: We found loss of heterozygosity with at least one marker in 48% of informative cases and loss of heterozygosity or microsatellite instability in 57% of informative cases. The minimal region of loss was found in the region bounded by D3S656 and D31293. CONCLUSION: A putative tumor suppressor gene in head and neck cancer lies between D3S656 and D3S1293 in the 3p25.1 region.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Mutation analysis in CD40 ligand deficiency leading to X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia with hyper IgM syndrome.

Mutations in the gene encoding CD40 ligand have been shown to be the cause of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia with hyper IgM (HIGM1). We have used the technique of single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to screen for mutations in this gene in affected boys from nineteen unrelated families. Sixteen novel mutations were identified in patients, comprising six patients with single base substitutions, two patients with single base insertions, six patients with deletions ranging from one to seven bases and two patients with large deletions at the 5' end of the gene. These mutations were distributed throughout the gene SSCP band shifts and/or alterations in restriction enzyme digestion sites could be used for unambiguous determination of carrier status in at-risk female relatives of most of the affected boys and, in some cases, prenatal diagnosis also can be offered.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1996

Body Shape Questionnaire: studies of validity and reliability.

OBJECTIVE: The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) is a useful measure of weight and shape concern. The purpose of this study is to contribute new psychometric information on the BSQ in order to assist clinicians and researchers who intend to use this measure. METHOD: This paper reports average scores on American samples of clinical subjects referred for body image problems, obese persons seeking weight reduction, and nonclinical samples of college students and adults. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The BSQ demonstrated good test-retest reliability, concurrent validity with other measures of body image, and criterion validity for clinical status.

Adult↗