Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Jindal

Publications and source records attributed to A Jindal.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Genetic aspects of myopia among the Shia Muslim Dawoodi Bohras of Udaipur, Rajsthan.

359 sibs from 92 families, where any one member of the family (basic unit of study) was found to be affected, were screened for myopia. Data on age at onset, parity and severity were studied in relation to consanguinity. Significant consanguinity differentials in the manifestation of myopia were seen. Offspring who were the product of a consanguineous mating manifested myopia more frequently as compared to the offspring from the non-consanguineous matings (control group). Males from consanguineous matings were affected in a higher frequency and manifested myopia at early ages. Myopia was found to be birth order-dependent. Pedigree analysis has shown that myopia is not a monogenic trait. The most plausible mode of inheritance of myopia seems to be polygenic with variable expressivity, and shows gene dosage effect.

Birth Order↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spinal dysraphism.

Spinal dysraphism (SD) is characterized by maldevelopment of neural tube, notochord, mesoderm and cutaneous ectoderm. Incidence of SD is 2-4/1000 live births. One hundred and nineteen patients operated from January 1991-June 1996 at Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, were studied. Only 21 patients (17.6%) presented when they were less than one year old and 17 patients came in adult age group (> 16 years). Lumbar and lumbosacral region was the commonly involved site in 81 patients (74.7%). Weakness of lower limbs (74%), difficulty in walking (54%), muscle atrophy (41.2%) were the commonest indicators of motor system involvement. Loss of sensation, trophic ulcer, backache were seen in 45, 14, 10 patients respectively. Cutaneous lipoma (26%), hypertrichiosis (20%), dermal sinus (13.4%), midline dimples (7%) were the important cutaneous markers. Foot and limb deformity was seen in 25% cases. Tethering of cord, syringomyelia & split cord malformation were the most common radiological findings. Only 10% of our patients had hydrocephalus that required shunt. Out on 119 cases operated, 43 improved, Twenty had sensory improvement and 18 showed motor improvement. Fifteen patients regained continence. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up. Sixty-seven patients had no change in neurological status, post-operatively. Six cases deteriorated in terms of motor or sensory deficit and one patient lost continence. CSF leak (8%) and wound infection (6%) were the common complications. Six patients required second surgery as T.P. Shunt (4), rotation flap (1), reexploration and duraplasty (1).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy for obstructive uropathy in benign and malignant diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the success rate, complications and overall benefit of ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) for the relief of obstructive uropathy in benign and malignant diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCN was performed in 50 kidneys of 32 patients. It was performed in emergency rooms totally under ultrasound guidance by general surgeons. Seldinger technique was used in all cases. Changes in renal function after the procedure were analyzed using paired t-test. RESULTS: The procedure was successfully completed in 42 out of 50 kidneys (84%). There has been no major complication and 28% minor complications. The renal function improved significantly when PCN was performed for benign conditions (mean creatinine 3.52 mg/dL before and 2.18 mg/dL after PCN), however in malignancy there has been no significant improvement in renal function (before PCN mean creatinine 6.39 mg/dL and after PCN 5.41 mg/dL). CONCLUSION: We conclude that PCN can be effectively performed under ultrasound guidance and should be the initial procedure in acutely obstructed kidneys with pyonephrosis and poor renal function. In malignant cases, however, improvement in renal function is possible only if the procedure is carried out at an early stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain stem glioma--a study of 111 patients.

The study analyses 111 patients of brain stem glioma; seen in neurosurgery Dept., AIIMS, N. Delhi, India, from Jan '83 to March '97; 60% of the patients were under the age of 15 years, with two peaks in age distribution, 6-10 years & 36-45 years & there was slight male preponderance in all age groups. Most common site of tumour was pons both in adults & children. Pyramidal & cerebellar signs were more frequently seen in children. Duration of symptoms was usually less than six months (in 65.5% of cases). Surgical management was attempted in 72 patients with post of radiotherapy & chemotherapy, rest of the 39 cases were treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy & antitubercular treatment (if indicated). Improvement was seen in 30% patients postoperatively. Outcome was better in patients who were treated surgically. Astrocytoma was most common histological diagnosis (62%) & glioblastoma was not uncommon & was seen in 10 (13.8%) cases.] We conclude that the patients with brainstem glioma can be helped by surgical decompression, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy & chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylactic antibiotics after severe trauma: more is not better.

After severe trauma, physicians frequently use multiple antibiotics for prolonged periods of time to prevent sepsis, based on intuition rather than scientific evidence. Over a 1-year period (January-December 1999) we included prospectively 112 critically injured patients who required an operation and/or chest tube insertion and stayed for more than 2 days in the intensive care unit (ICU). Of these patients, 46 received a single prophylactic antibiotic for 24 hours (group SING+SHORT), and 66 received one or more prophylactic antibiotics for more than 24 hours (group MULT+LONG), based on physician discretion. Twenty-seven outcome parameters were collected to compare the effect of the different prophylactic antibiotic regimens. The two groups were similar in regard to overall injury severity, age, gender, mechanism of injury, and physiologic condition on admission. However, more SING+SHORT patients had an abdominal operation (83% versus 62%, P = 0.02), and more MULT+LONG patients had an orthopedic operation (35% versus 15%, P = 0.03). There was no difference in sepsis (41% versus 42%, P = 1.0), organ failures (37% versus 50%, P = 0.18), mortality (7% versus 12%, P = 0.52), ICU stay (14 +/- 2.5 versus 16 +/- 2 days, P = 0.57), hospital stay (26 +/- 3 versus 28 +/- 2 days, P = 0.53), or any other outcome parameter. Independent risk factors for sepsis were blunt mechanism of trauma, Injury Severity Score > or = 25, and more than two units of blood transfused over the first 24 hours, but not the amount of prophylactic antibiotics given. In conclusion, we found that 24-hour prophylaxis with a single broad-antibiotic is as effective as prophylaxis for longer periods of time with multiple spectrum antibiotics for critically injured patients at high risk for sepsis.

Adult↗